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Economic Aspects of Blood Donation
Hanus, Luboš ; Janotík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kukačka, Jiří (referee)
Sufficient blood supply is a continuous problem for health care systems around the world. The diversity of systems is also manifested as different methods of compensation and motivation of donors. During the last century the different types of compensation and motivation have brought about various high probabilities of transmission of infectious diseases. The goal of this thesis is to provide a sufficient description of donors' motivations in the Czech Republic and elsewhere. The first part aims to compare the risk of financially compensated blood donors and those who are not compensated. The second part gives a description of characteristics of the sample donors from the Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion in Prague. A probit model is used to analyse the sensitivity of donors to two benefits provided by the state, these benefits are either a paid working day-off on the day of donation or the possibility of deduction of 2000 CZK from one's taxable income for each donation.
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Does weeping in adults increase the probability of prosocial behavior among observers?: A systematic literature review
Zíková, Lucie ; Lukavská, Kateřina (advisor) ; High, Radka (referee)
The presented systematic literature review seeks answers to the question "Does weeping in adults increase the probability of prosocial behavior among observers?". Our methodology follows the PRISMA Statement recommendations. On the basis of predefined key words 2278 records have been identified in the Scopus and PsycINFO databases. Overlapping records have been removed and abstracts and whole texts have been screened to evaluate the fulfilment of the eligibility criteria and the relevance for the predefined question and this resulted in the inclusion of 8 articles representing 10 experiments into the final analysis. This thesis brings an overview of these studies and their conclusions and methodologies. It discusses the strengths and weaknesess of the various approaches. It turned out that the fact, whether participants are presented with a decontextualized stimulus material or whether they are at least slightly acquainted with the context, plays an important role in the research. If the context is included, it appears that the influence of tears on the willingness to help is not as strong as in the case of its absence. Furthermore, many other factors have been found to be relevant that affect this relationship. We also discuss the adequacy of the the concept "prosocial behaviour" as hypotheses...
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Integrity and social desirability in psychiatric in-patients
Doubková, Nikola
This thesis deals with two constructs - social desirability and integrity. The main aim of this thesis is to create an interview which will allow to distinguish people by their level of integrity and their tendency to respond in a socially desirable manner. The interview can serve as a face-to-face variant of questionnaire methods. Theoretical foundations of both social desirability as well as integrity are presented in the theoretical part of the thesis. Complexity of both constructs is considered. Therefore, approaches of various authors are presented. Methods for assessing socially desirable responding in self- reports as well as integrity are also presented as part of the theoretical section of this thesis. The effects of social desirability on integrity assessment is discussed, as well. In the empirical part of the thesis the development of the semi-structured interview is described. The interview was developed based on original Czech test battery focusing on personal integrity at the workplace. Specifically, questionnaire Integrita v pracovním a běžném životě alongside with questionnaire assessing social desirability was used. The semi-structured interview contains a total of eight questions. Each question includes short story, and the respondent is asked to judge his / her behavior in this...
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Integrity and social desirability in psychiatric in-patients
Doubková, Nikola
This thesis deals with two constructs - social desirability and integrity. The main aim of this thesis is to create an interview which will allow to distinguish people by their level of integrity and their tendency to respond in a socially desirable manner. The interview can serve as a face-to-face variant of questionnaire methods. Theoretical foundations of both social desirability as well as integrity are presented in the theoretical part of the thesis. Complexity of both constructs is considered. Therefore, approaches of various authors are presented. Methods for assessing socially desirable responding in self- reports as well as integrity are also presented as part of the theoretical section of this thesis. The effects of social desirability on integrity assessment is discussed, as well. In the empirical part of the thesis the development of the semi-structured interview is described. The interview was developed based on original Czech test battery focusing on personal integrity at the workplace. Specifically, questionnaire Integrita v pracovním a běžném životě alongside with questionnaire assessing social desirability was used. The semi-structured interview contains a total of eight questions. Each question includes short story, and the respondent is asked to judge his / her behavior in this...
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Effect of cognitive dissonance on altruistic behavior in nonprofit sector
Tížková, Tereza ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Klimeš, David (referee)
The field of behavioral economics has been developing rapidly a during the recent period. This sphere of economics operates with cognitive biases, heuristics and other factors influencing human judgements and provoking the decisions commonly referred to as irrational. The phenomena affecting human mind when making decisions under uncertainty include the so- called cognitive dissonance, an unpleasant obnoxious state of conflict, usually between our inner values and the acts we make. Humans, even though often unconsciously, aim to mitigate the dissonance feeling, usually without being able to address the phenomenon. In the empirical part of this paper, random sample of subjects was manipulated to face the threat of cognitive dissonance in two experiment Modifications, and to experience the dissonance straightaway in the case of the third Modification. Subsequently, the effect on respondents' helping behaviour was measured. Analysis of the resulting dataset then revealed an interesting, statistically significant relationship between creating a positive self-image (or also distorting it) and acting altruistically afterwards. The research results are applicable in profit or non-profit sector communications. The initial objective here was, above all, making the marketing strategies more efficient in the fields of...
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The factors influencing the willingness to provide first aid as an example of prosocial behavior
Havlová, Andrea ; Kuba, Radim (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Radka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with issues of prosocial behavior and altruism. To help another person is the purpose of prosocial behavior. Altruism is closely connected with prosocial behavior. Organism often performs altruistic aid at the expense of itself. The importance of prosocial behavior is shown in the model of first aid delivery. The following chapters summarize basic information about laic first aid and its effect on survival chain of disabled person focusing on factors which can influence the first aid delivery. The main purpose of this thesis is to create a review of original research regarding the given topic and a comprehensive overview of the mentioned factors. Human behavior in given situations can be influenced by many different phenomenons. The most common effects are the effect of onlookers, kinship or emotional attachment to the injured person, knowledge of proper first aid procedures, the degree of stress and the age of the rescuer. The most important factor is the presence of danger which, in evolutionary terms, relate to the disgust dimension associated with fear of being injured or infected with an infectious disease and related decreasing of biological fitness of individual.
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Playing as a Means of Development of Prosocial Behaviour
ŠULDOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of the thesis is to define the term "game", clarify its part and function in preschool period and connect it to the needs of a preschool child. Theoretical part of the thesis divides games from the point of view of the development of a child, social development, motivation and pedagogical use. The thesis connects games with the development of prosocial behaviour and manners and introduces the process of socialization at preschool age. Next there is connection of prosocial behaviour to the General Educational Programme of Preschool Education, mainly to five branches of education. In practical part there is methodical material, which has been tested in practice and which has been made to develop prosocial behaviour of children, and there are possibilities of using the games with prosocial aims. The games are divided according to their educational use based on Suchánková (2014). In methodical file we can find games focused on motoric, musical, verbal, constructive and primarily on social development. All these games are adjusted to quality development of prosocial behaviour and focused on cooperation, togetherness, communication, respect to each other, acceptance, and also on the appropriate use of the words "thank you" and "please". The file contains also non-prosocial games. These games have always been remade and adapted to prosocial games. All games included in the file have been tested in practice, reports of the observation as well as interview with children are enclosed. Under each game there is its evaluation including recommendation, report of children´s feelings, suitable number of players, possible risks and recommended ways of motivation.
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A development of Prosocial behaviour in kindergardens
KIGLEROVÁ, Adéla
My bachelor thesis is about development of prosocial behavior in kindergartens. The goal of thesis was to find out which useful methods are used by teachers and parents of kids from kindergartens to develop prosocial behavior. To achieve the goal has been the term the hypothesis - The knowledge of term prosocial behavior will be related with using appropriate techniques for prosocial behavior. Teoretical part explais terms associated with development of prosocial behavior in kindergartens. Empirical part explains quantitative research, which was choosed for this thesis including method of collecting data, which were two kinds of questionnaires. First questionnaire included eleven questions, on which answered by teachers from kindergartens. Second questionnaire included eight questions for parents. The results are shown in the data from research.
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