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Biochemical predictors of the treatment failure in pediatric IBD patients
Zárubová, Kristýna ; Bronský, Jiří (advisor) ; Hrdý, Jiří (referee) ; Petrášová, Miroslava (referee)
Up to 20 % of patients with IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) is diagnosed in childhood, the course of the disease tends to often be more severe and the treatment more difficult than in case of adults. Therefore, it is necessary to commence or eventually change the treatment in order to prevent development of complications. Early detection of relapse plays significant role for further course of the disease and general prognosis of the patient. Changes to laboratory parameters (e.g. to the level of fecal calprotectin) can significantly prevent the development of clinical symptoms and may indicate the necessity for control endoscopy, further escalation or change in therapy. The primary focus of this thesis are patients who underwent surgical bowel resection, who constitute one of the risk groups. Studies show that as many as 70 % of patients suffering from Crohn's disease reach the point of bowel surgery within the first 10 years of the diagnosis. According to the results, a promising predictor of relapse of the disease seems to be serum albumin, which may relate to the overall nutritional status of the organism. We have also examined the effectivity of using fecal calprotectin and CRP as relapse predictors. Testing directly in the resected bowel did not prove usability of calprotectin as a predictor,...
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Leukemic stem cells
Vobořil, Matouš ; Stöckbauer, Petr (advisor) ; Šídová, Monika (referee)
The biology of stem cells came to the foreground not only due to scientific but also due to clinical interest and it is one of the most developing fields of current biomedical research. The idea, that all tumor cells contain population of cells like stem cells, leads to the "cancer stem cells hypothesis". It says, that each tumor cell contains small population of cells capable to initiate and maintain the tumor growth. Tumors of the hematopoietic tissue were the first, where cancer or leukemic stem cells were isolated. Therefore, leukemic stem cells are so far the best understood cancer stem cells. However, despite the huge advances in the biology of leukemic stem cells, there are many properties still unknown. This thesis initially presents basic knowledges in the stem cell biology, including their origin and identification. Later it focuses on the stem cell hypothesis and describes of the main properties of stem cells in solid tumors. The main part of this thesis also shows in details the origin and properties of the leukemic stem cells and decribes some new directions in the targeted therapy of hematological malignancies.
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Synthesis and Detection of Color Markers for Augmented Reality
Beťko, Peter ; Szentandrási, István (referee) ; Herout, Adam (advisor)
This master's thesis emerges from the research in the field of uniform marker fields for augmented reality and broadens it by the possibility of generating colored marker fields based on arbitrary pictures. The thesis describes basics of augmented reality and explains the ideas from the Uniform Marker Fields paper. Presented is a program for generating colored marker fields as well as a tool for detecting markers and evaluating success rate of the detection. In addition, the work proposes a study of color constancy in the process of printing and recording. This study exceeds the scope of the requirements for this master's thesis; the knowledge can be used in arbitrary applications that use colors to code information. Finally, the integration of the knowledge into the marker field generating algorithm and resulting improvement of detection success rate are discussed.
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Role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases
Vlková, Kateřina ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Kateřina Vlková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, PhD. Title of the bachelor thesis: The role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases The basic biological function of uric acid in the human body is to protect cells from oxidative damage. More precisely, its behavior depends on the physico-chemical environment in which it is located. Under certain conditions and higher concentration in serum, it may act as a prooxidant and participate in the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases. These are mainly kidney disease, non-alcoholic steatosis of the liver, diabetes mellitus II. type and metabolic syndrome. These diseases can precede cardiovascular risk. Cardiovascular failure may be caused by some mechanisms. These mechanisms include especially oxidative stress, inflammation, reduced availability of nitric oxide and endothelial dysfunction, proliferation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels, insulin resistance or metabolic disorders. The cause of cardiovascular disease associated with uric acid has not been proved. It can only serve as a intermediator of harmful effects on vascular tissue and myocardium. Keywords: uric acid, oxidative stress, inflammation,...
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Analysis of circulating markers in patients with solid tumors
Buranovská, Katarína ; Souček, Pavel (advisor) ; Němcová, Vlasta (referee)
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and its tumour-derived circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) fraction are considered an innovative prognostic and predictive biomarker in oncological diagnostics. Many studies have demonstrated higher levels of cfDNA concentration and integrity, as an indicator of the amount of ctDNA in cfDNA, in body fluids from patients with cancer diseases in comparison with healthy individuals, which suggest its potential as an effective biomarker for monitoring of the tumour dynamics. This study focused on optimisation and validation of measurement methods later used for analysis of cfDNA concentration and integrity in blood samples from patients with four different solid cancers. Two different commercial isolation kits have been tested in plasma and serum samples. Quantitative real-time polymerase reaction (qPCR) and PicoGreen dsDNA assay were optimized to effectively quantify low concentrations of cfDNA, subsequently compared to each other and to droplet digital PCR assay tested on selected samples. The concentration and integrity of cfDNA from plasma samples of breast, ovarian, colorectal and pancreatic cancer patients were evaluated. Higher amounts of cfDNA were obtained by the QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid isolation kit (Qiagen) in comparison to Plasma/Serum Cell-Free...
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Acquisition and Recognition of 3D Signature
Molitoris, Miloš ; Dvořák, Michal (referee) ; Drahanský, Martin (advisor)
This work deals with methods of signing in 3D space, selecting a suitable scan model, obtaining a sufficient number of samples to create a database, and finally verifying signatures. The first part deals with the issue of existing solutions and methods of signature verification, further image processing required for marker shooting in 3D space. The following sections are dedicated to design a unique signature solution in free space using a pen without any contact. Two shooting models have been designed using cameras or Leap Motion sensor. The application was implemented based on DTW algorithm using this sensor resulting in a dynamic signature verification system. Furthermore, the work includes a description using of database creation and experimental signature verification. At the end, we find an assessment of the security and error rate of the system that is compared to other methods. The result of this thesis is an application for 3D signature capture and recognition with the potential of a new technique for secure signature.
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Circulating tumor DNA in advanced colorectal carcinoma patients
Kopalová, Dominika ; Benešová, Lucie (advisor) ; Saláková, Martina (referee)
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is worldwide known as one of the most often tumor diseases. Approximately 50 % of patients are diagnosed with advanced stage of CRC and moreover even after removing all of the tumor bearings, there is high risk of its recurrence. As most of others solid tumors the CRC also releases fragments of DNA also known as the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The ctDNA analysis is a new tool for monitoring continuous tumor burden and for observing treatment response. Due to its minimal invasivity and high specificity is suitable for instance for long period postoperative follow-up of patients with CRC. Within the long period follow-up process an evaluation radicality of operation is conducted as well as an early detection of new tumor foci. This thesis focus on an origin and releasing mechanism of ctDNA into bloodstream, its features and clinical utility options for patients with an advanced colorectal carcinoma. Key words: circulating tumor DNA, ctDNA, advanced colorectal carcinoma, mCRC, marker
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Motion Analysis
Hudec, Jiří ; Čmiel, Vratislav (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
Bachelor thesis is dealing with how to analyze human walk with Vicon camera system. In the first chapter are described elementary ideas for gait analysis and principal methods of Vicon system. There is also discussed basic layout of cameras in the laboratory and layout of markers attached at a human body. The second chapter is also about synchronisation of multiple cameras and description of CVS format. Further, in the third chapter are discussed four algorithms created in Matlab for a description of gait analysis. In the last fourth chapter are discussed the results of the software from Matlab and comparison these results with results made in the laboratory of gait analysis.
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