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Ebola as a medical and social problem
Gantsetseg, Purevsuren ; Hladká, Petra (advisor) ; Kordulová, Pavla (referee)
Introduction: The aim of bachelor thesis is about the preparedness of health care facilities. The unexpected epidemic of Ebola 2014 in West Africa has become an international concern and the preparedness of health care facilities, prevention and control of this disease have become a major issue of concern. Methodology: For the development of the thesis, we chose a qualitative method, a form of research was an interview. The questions were designed in our own creation. The interview was conducted by epidemiological workers in surveyed health care facilities. The main objective of the research was to determine, what the methodologies in health care facilities are during admission and stay of a patient with Ebola. Results: From our analysis, the survey indicates that the organizational structure of hospital care ensures that patient with Ebola are handled according to the Government decree no. 15/2013 and health care facilities proceed according to the directive for unified procedure. In the development of an extraordinary incident, this is subjected to the International Health regulations in relation to the occurrence of highly dangerous infectious diseases in a health care facility. Another finding is that health professionals are familiar with the procedures in care of an Ebola patient by developed...
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Risk factors for suicidal behaviour among czech adolescent population
Nekolná, Hana ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee) ; Loneková, Katarína (referee)
The rigorous thesis "Risk Factors for Suicidal Behaviour among Czech Adolescent Population" deals with suicidality and suicidal behaviour among adolescents in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the basic terms of this topic, various approaches and understanding of this issue in the past and at present. This work also deals with the forms, methods and motives of suicidal behaviour. Furthermore, it describes the age of adolescence as an independent evolutionary period in the life of a man and analyses the risks of this life era. The theoretical part also contains a description of the epidemiology of this phenomenon and possible diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive approaches to suicidal behaviour. The empirical part of the thesis describes a research in which the goal was to determine a relation to the increase of suicidal risk and the basic dimension of the personality (using the Freiburg's Personality Inventory), social support (by the Perceived Social Support Scale) and life engagement (through the Life Engagement Test). The research sample contained 192 respondents from the senior years of grammar schools and vocational schools from Prague and Vysočina. The results of this research confirmed the connection between a lowered suicidal risk and a higher living...
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Bordetella pertussis and whooping cough: Bacterium and its virulence factors, epidemiology of disease and vaccination strategy.
Bočková, Barbora ; Holubová, Jana (advisor) ; Seydlová, Gabriela (referee)
Bordetella pertussis, a gram-negative bacterium, is a human pathogen which affects the upper respiratory tract. It is the causative agent of whooping cough or pertussis. B. pertussis produces several virulence factors consisting of toxins and adhesins. Whole cell vaccine and subsequent acellular vaccine were developed against pertussis in the past. However, a gradual increase of pertussis incidences has been reported in the last twenty years. This thesis provides basic information about B. pertussis and whooping cough. The main aim of the herein presented work is to summarize the contemporary epidemiologic situation along with determining reasons for increased pertussis cases. In addition, possible solutions for the present situation are proposed.
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Addictive behavior on the Internet in connection with the experience with drugs among children of elementary schools in the Liberec Region
Šubrtová, Eliška ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Gabrhelík, Roman (referee)
Based on actual problems extensive use of the Internet and the increasing number of younger children using addictive substances I chose the topic Addictive behavior on the Internet in connection with the experience with drugs among children of elementary schools in the Liberec Region. The main goal of the study is: determine the prevalence of addictive behavior on the Internet, determine the context of demographic data and determine the context of drug use. Finally describe risk factors affecting the addictive behavior. The basis for the work was the scientific literature and studies of this topic. The theoretical part describes the developmental phase of adolescence in relation to substance use and dependency behavior on the Internet, the most common Internet activities and addictive substances in children and the characteristics of addictive behavior on the Internet (including some previously conducted prevalence studies). At the end we present some results of studies that confirm the increased incidence of drug use in addicted individuals on the Internet. The practical part was supported by the research itself, dealt with the description of the methodology of work and the individual results of the research. To achieve the objectives of the research was used three research questions. The survey...
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Selected aspects of methotrexate treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Hloch, Karel ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Souček, Miroslav (referee) ; Tomčík, Michal (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Training Workplace Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Doctoral Degree Program Clinical and Social Pharmacy Candidate MSc. Karel Hloch Supervisor prof. PharmD. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Advisor assoc. prof. MUDr. Tomáš Soukup, Ph.D.; PharmD. Martin Doseděl, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Selected aspects of methotrexate treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Introduction and objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease typically connected with chronic inflammation of the joints, causing their swelling and pain. The prevalence of RA is about 1% in the general population. A crucial role in higher morbidity and mortality in RA patients has been associated with increased inflammatory activity. Methotrexate (MTX), a drug with immunosuppressive activity, is the most frequent drug of choice used in RA therapy. It seems that main anti-inflammatory effect is mediated via release of purine nucleoside adenosine. The status of patients with inflammatory diseases is influenced by activation of A2a and A3 adenosine receptors. High caffeine (adenosine receptor antagonist) consumption may therefore lead to alteration of MTX treatment efficacy. 1) The aim of first study was to determine whether RA patients who had discontinued...
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Prevalence and etiology of back pain in children
Hubáček, Jan ; Hudák, Radovan (advisor) ; Šonská, Kristýna (referee)
Bibliographic record HUBÁČEK, Jan. Prevalence and etiology of back pain in children. Prague, 2021, 85 pages, 2 attachments. Bachelor thesis. Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine. Supervisor Radovan Hudák. Abstract Back pain is one of the most common diseases in the adult population. However, not only adults but also children and adolescents suffer from this condition. Back pain in childhood is often overlooked, downplayed and from a research point of view is not given enough attention. It turns out that back pain in adolescence can be one of the predictive factors for the development of back pain in adulthood. This bachelor thesis includes basic information about the anatomy, biomechanics and kinesiology of the human spine, pain, problems and risk factors for back pain in children and adolescents, which were available from scientific articles and studies. The aim of the work was to address a sufficient number of Czech children through a questionnaire and obtain information about their experiences with back pain in the period before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The obtained data show that the epidemiological situation regarding Covid-19, in which a lockdown was ordered in the Czech Republic, had a significant impact on the lives of young people....
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SARS-CoV-2 in Care Home Břevnice
Myslivcová, Lenka ; Andrýs, Ctirad (advisor) ; Jankovičová, Karolína (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to describe information about SARS-CoV-2 virus and coronavirus disease (COVID-19), to evaluate the course of the disease in the Home with a special regime in Břevnice, in which the epidemic took place at the beginning of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020. Another goal was to perform an antibody analysis and evaluate the obtained data. I divided the diploma thesis into three main parts: theoretical, experimental and discussion. In the theoretical part, I worked with the literature and described information related not only to COVID-19, but also to other serious infections caused by human coronaviruses. In the experimental part, which I performed in the immunological laboratory of the Department of Joint Laboratories at Havlíčkův Brod Hospital, I dealt with the issue of the clinical course of the disease, the severity of the disease and possible consequences after the infection. I also dealt with methods for the determination of antibodies, the principles of which are described in Chapter 4.5. The diagnostic methods and procedures used are described in Chapter 5.3 Laboratory Assays. From the obtained data, I prepared graphs and tables and processed data on the clinical course of the infection in the Břevnice Home, both for the clients and the...
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Helicobacter pylori a and current knowledge in treatment
Hemmerová, Amálie ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Janďourek, Ondřej (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Technician Bachelor's thesis Author: Amálie Hemmerová Supervisor: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Title: Helicobacter pylori and current knowledge in treatment This work is based on the pathogenic Helicobacter pylori which plays an important role in many gastroduodenum diseases. The aim of this work is summarizing the information of the Helicobacter pylori and presenting some actual knowledge of its treatment. Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerophilic spiral bacillus that lives under the layer of mucosae, area of neutral pH, and it causes an inflammatory changes on gastric epithelium. Half of the population worldwide is infected. It is important to find a suitable therapy for succesful treatment. Until recently the first-line treatment was the standard triple combination clarithromycin/metronidazole, amoxicilline and PPI. However the effectiveness of this combination has been reduced in the most countries to a level lower than recommended eradication rate (< 80 %). The cause of the failure was resistence to clarithromycin/metronidazole. Bismuth quadruple therapies are effective in the most countries. They are used as the first-line treatment and also as rescue therapy...
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Prevention of health risks among tennis players
Váchová, Gabriela ; Carboch, Jan (advisor) ; Kočíb, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Prevention of health risks among tennis players Objectives: The aim of this thesis is a summary of the issues of health risks among tennis players and their prevention. At the same time, the thesis should provide preventive measures usable in practice. Methods: The bachelor thesis is processed as a theoretical thesis in the form of literary research using datatbases such as EBSCOhost, Google Scholar and other available literature. The thesis summarizes all theoretical background and knowledge dealing with the issue of health risks among tennis players and their prevention. At the same time, the thesis has descriptive - analytical character and contains an analysis of these studies. Results: Processing of the available literature and online recources has created a comprehensive insight into the health risks among tennis players and their prevention. This thesis provides information on types of injuries, frequency and incidence with respect to age, gender or surface of the tennis court. It has been found out what preventive procedures and remedies against health risks among tennis players can be used and what injuries are the most common. Keywords: injury prevention, epidemiology, tennis
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Comorbidity of psychical and autoimmune diseases
Kaňková, Zuzana ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Mravec Bencúrová, Dominika (referee)
Mental and autoimmune disorders represent a wide range of different diseases and are currently one of the most common health problems. In recent years, a significant association between these two types of disorders has been observed, supported by both their frequent coexistence and other important findings such as shared genetic risk factors, the discovery of neuronal surface antibodies or immune system changes related to some mental disorders. This work attempts to map the autoimmune diseases that occur more often or rarely in patients with various mental disorders (and vice versa) and also describes possible mechanisms that may play a significant role in the development of this phenomenon. Key words mental disorders, autoimmune diseases, comorbidity, etiology, epidemiology, shared risk factors
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