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Demographic Approach in Measuring Human Capital of Kazakhstan
Narkulov, Murat ; Pavlík, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Münich, Daniel (referee) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
Demographic approach in measuring human capital of Kazakhstan Abstract This work is intended to provide reader with information about the value of human capital stock in Kazakhstan using well-known so-called education-based and lifetime labor income-based approaches. Author tries to research the reproduction model of human capital in conjunction with institutional factors in transition, such as socio-demographic, political and economic changes, historical development and the current level of human capital in KazakhstanThe main goal of this study is determination of main components of human capital development in Kazakhstan, especially from demographic viewpoint through the evaluations of modern reproduction of human capital in Kazakhstan. The results of estimations indicate that the human capital stock has significantly increased in Kazakhstan during the period studied (from 2003 to 2008) and that it surpass the value of physical capital in the country. The potential of human capital augmentation has been estimated as favorable for upcoming years in Kazakhstan. Key words: human capital, population quality, Kazakhstan, demography, working age-population, education.
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Genetic structure of mammalian invasive populations on islands
Loudová, Miroslava ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Hájková, Petra (referee)
Biological invasion is understood as introduction, establishment and expansion of organisms into new, non-native area. This is a natural process that is significantly compounded by human activities and is one of the factors that threaten biological diversity and stability of natural ecosystems. Understanding to the evolution and current status of invasive populations is especially important for planning a project to eradicate invasive species from certain areas to avoid their negative impact on the environment. One option for the research of the invasive populations and their history is the analysis of genetic material. This thesis summarizes the current knowledge on invasive populations of small mammals on the islands, with the focus on genetic studies. Specifically, the study of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) on Moturemu island and five archipelagos off the coast of Brittany; black rats (Rattus rattus) on Congo Cay, Madagascar, Guadeloupe Archipelago, Sainte Anne Archipelago and Canary Islands; Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) on Tetiaroa Atoll; house mice (Mus musculus) on Marion Island; house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) on Kerguelen Archipelago; red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) on Jersey island, West European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in New Zealand; pygmy shrews (Sorex minutus) in Ireland and...
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Demographic Security of Developed Countries
Alexa, Jan ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
The thesis offers comprehensive systemic view on the problem of demographic security. The main objective is to create framework enabling the risk assessment of population composition and demographic changes of developed countries. The key variables are identified step by step in the thesis, their relations are drafted out and the methods of operationalization suggested. Keywords: demography, security, policymaking
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The depopulation of the Russian Far East and the federal migration policy
Andrle, Jakub ; Litera, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This study deals with the current demographic situation of the Russian Far East and tries to assess the main patterns of migration in the region. The work is structured in five chapters. The first chapter aims at defining the Russian Far East geographically and concentrates on the most important features of its economy. The second chapter is devoted to region's rapid depopulation since the beginning of 1990s. This part analyses the dominant demographic trends within the district and tries to describe the prevalent patterns of migration on its territory. The third chapter presents a brief historical overview of the colonization and resettlement policies towards the Russian Far East. The main goal of this part is to evaluate the overall effectivity of both tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union in their efforts to populate their easternmost periphery and secure the border with China. The fourth chapter deals with the problem of Chinese migration to the Russian Far East. The emphasis is put on the myth of China's "demographic expansion" and also on the question of possible benefits of drawing in more Chinese workforce in the foreseeable future. The last chapter analyses the current state program designed to attract large numbers of ethnic Russians from abroad and settle them in regions considered as...
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Conservation genetics of Eurasian lynx in the Western Carpathians
Ungrová, Lenka ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Kaňuch, Peter (referee)
Robust monitoring combined with genetic analyses are important approaches to protect and manage large carnivore populations successfully. The aim of this master thesis is to analyse Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) population within whole Slovakia for the first time using 15 microsatellite loci. Noninvasive genetics is an effective tool for monitoring animal species with large home ranges and low population densities. Noninvasive samples including feces, hair, urine and buccal swabs were collected together with tissue samples from dead (mostly roadkill) individuals. 187 samples were collected between 2017-2019, resulting in 59 successful genotypes. Two samples were incorrectly determined in the field and excluded from further analyses since they were wildcat samples. For population genetics analyses and demography, the dataset from the "Veľké šelmy 2" project was extended with 98 genotypes in collaboration with the Institute of Vertebrate Biology CAS. Overall, 68 lynx individuals were detected in the dataset of 155 genotypes. Relatedness analysis resulted in 67 significant relationships of the first degree and 9 significant relationships of the second degree. These results suggest a high relatedness among the whole population. According to the present thesis, Slovakian lynx population has the third lowest...
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Possibilities of demography implementation in the classes at higher secondary education level
Vondrášek, Martin ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Velková, Alice (referee)
Possibilities of demography implementation in the classes at higher secondary education level Abstract The main goals of the diploma thesis are to evaluate the degree of implementation and the potential of demography during lessons at the higher secondary school level and to suggest specific activities that can be implemented within the lessons. It is the first thesis aimed solely at the didactics of demography. The work uses publicly available online databases of the Czech Statistical Office, the United Nations and the Population Reference Bureau. An analysis of syllabi of subjects from the first years of selected universities, a content analysis of selected secondary school textbooks and a Framework Education Programme were performed. The analyses show a large scope for the implementation of demography not only in the teaching of geography. The work is complemented by specific proposals of activities that can be used in teaching at upper secondary schools. Keywords: Czechia, demography, teaching demography, implementation, upper secondary schools, textbook analysis, Framework Education Programme
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Research of awareness on demographic issues among university students in Czechia
Verbíř, Petr ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Research of awareness on demographic issues among university students in Czechia Abstract The aim of this study was to find opinions, knowledge and awarness of college students in Czechia about demography and population development in Czechia and in the world. We used two methods of selecting respondents: Stratified random sampling and chain selection. We obtained responses from respondents electronically using social networks and email. We analyzed the survey in particular according to individual and summary factual and individual opinion issues. We compared the study results with the some study results from France survey in 2015 and INED survey. A total of 1,149 respondents took part in the survey, of which 35% men and 65% women. Most respondents correctly estimated the population in the world or in Czechia and also they consider demography and population development to be important topics. It was interesting that most respondents considered the total fertility rate in the Czechia to be lower than in Spain or Italy, on the contrary, they thought the total fertility rate in the Czech Republic was higher than in Ireland. Men achieved a statistically higher average score of factual issues than women. Respondents with a university degree in Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics (biology, environment,...
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Students and graduates at Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: Social Structure, Curriculum, Student Life, and Professional Careers
Kopecká, Tereza ; Svobodný, Petr (advisor) ; Mášová, Hana (referee) ; Křížová, Eva (referee)
Students and graduates at Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: Social Structure, Curriculum, Student Life, and Professional Careers Tereza Kopecká Institute for History of Medicine and Foreign Languages, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University The topic of medical studies in the first half of the twentieth century offers an interesting insight into the community of first-republic youth, developing modern medicine and universities. A prosopographical study brings the possibility to perceive the topic from multiple points of view: demographical, social, political, in terms of gender etc. The students who act as the subject of this study, have lived through a major part of the twentieth century; their common forming experience was the World War One but later, they differentiated enough to let us look inside the world of science, hospital and community medicine, underground movements, active politics and even art. Their medical carrers were influenced by the changes in organization of the public health care system that led to the loss of professional freedom. These difficulties could have been overcome by the social capital they had created yet during the school years. The main issue of the scientific life was the discontinuity caused by the World War Two...
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Material history of planetary urbanization
Šana, Václav ; Bartůšek, Ondřej (referee) ; Kristek, Jan (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the final urbanization of the planet term from a materialistic point of view. The distribution of freshwater, energy consumption and especially agricultural food production are the basic factors which, together with logistics and demography, form fundamental drivers of material history. The "Malthusian" fear of a situation where the world's population is running out of resources accompanies contemporary rhetoric. The aim of the work is to try to find and explore solutions to the material necessities of humanity and to design organizational principles, systems, urban and architectural solutions.
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Awareness of the residents Jindřichův Hradec about the factores, that cause fallen of birth rate in Jindřichův Hradec.
ČIZMADIA, Diana
The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the description of demography, the basic historical definition, the term birth rate, factors that influenced falling birth rates, knowledge about impact to social sphere and foreknowledge. The research part deals with the residents of the town Jindřichův Hradec and their opinion, attitudes and knowledge they have about falling birth rates. The research was carried out using quantitative research and the results are recorded in graphs. The aim of the research part was to find out what opinion the residents of town Jindřichův Hradec have about falling birth rates and the factors that caused falling birth rates. The main goal was divide into three parts, which were work out into 4 hypotheses. First aim: Find out what the resindets of Jindřichův Hradec are aware of about falling birth rates in Jindřichův Hradec and whether the fall in the birth rate also affects the social sphere, or how. Second aim : To find out the iinhabitants of residents Jindřicůhv Hradec about selected factors that caused falling birth rates. Third aim: To find out how the inhabitants of Jindřichův Hradec are informed about falling birth rates. Hypothesis 1 : The residents of Jindřichův Hradec are familiar with falling birth rates. Hypothesis 2: The residents of Jindřichův Hradec agree that the the birth rate fallen has impact on the social sphere. Hypothesis 3: The residents of Jindřichův Hradec usually deremine that the contraceptice extenstion is a factor that caused fallen in the birth rate. Hypothesis 4: The residents of Jindřichův Hradec agree that they are not sufficiently informed about the birth rate decline. H1, H2, H4 was confirmed. H3 wasn't confirmed.
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