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Providing counselling for smoking cessation in Prague pharmacies: a questionnaire-based research
Lišková, Michaela ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Schlosserová, Lucia (referee)
Background: Counselling regarding smoking cessation is along with the specialized centers and addictological ambulances also accessible in pharmacies. There are 26 registered as those with specialization in consulting of quitting smoking. Pharmacists who provide this service have to complete guaranteed course from the Czech Chamber of Pharmacists. In the field of addictology, this is currently not really covered topic. Objectives: The main goal of the bachelor thesis was to capture and evaluate the advice of pharmacists in smoking cessation in selected Prague pharmacies. The partial goal of the work was to describe client services in terms of sociodemography and to find the service based on motivation. Methods: In this study, the total selection method was chosen, the selection included all pharmacies in the capital city of Prague (26), which are in the register of pharmacies with smoking cessation counseling listed by the Czech Chamber of Pharmacists. One pharmacy was not included in the research sample as it was unavailable for technical reasons during the data collection period. Respondents who participated in the research were working directly with clients who came to smoking cessation counseling. Data were collected using printed questionnaires. The data collection was obtain between february...
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Student's awareness of selected village and town elementary schools in the Rakovník district about the risk of using addictive substance - alcohol and tobacco
Klatovský, Tomáš ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
This thesis entitled " Student's awareness of selected village and town elementary schools in the Rakovník district about the risk of using addictive substance - alcohol, tobacco" is divided into two main parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is devoted to the characteristics of addictive substances, their history and describes the manifestations of addiction, treatment of addiction and prevention of addiction. Furthermore, the theoretical part is devoted to the problem of substance use by children and adolescents, the consequences and specifics of substance use in children and adolescents are described. Alcohol and tobacco are discussed in more detail. A chapter is also devoted to prevention. The practical part focuses on the investigation of pupils' awareness of the risks of using addictive substances - alcohol and tobacco - by evaluating a questionnaire survey. The results of the practical part showed that pupils had a fairly good knowledge of legal addictive substances, practically without distinction, whether they were pupils of a village school or an urban school. The survey also showed that more emphasis should be placed on the harmfulness of legal highs, because, according to the survey, pupils have a lot of experience with these substances due to the attitude of society,...
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Awareness and experience of Grade 2 pupils in selected primary schools on oral forms of tobacco and nicotine
Trojáková, Kateřina ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Syřiště, Ivo (referee)
Introduction: nicotine is very popular nowadays, especially among teenagers. Smokeless forms of tobacco products and their prevalence in primary school are a much neglected problem. In the Czech Republic, 2 300 000 people smoke, 26 % of whom are over 18 years of age. Objectives: The aim of the study was to map the personal experience and awareness of oral tobacco use among Grade 2 pupils in a selected primary school. Methods: quantitative research was chosen to obtain the necessary data. The questionnaire was created in paper form and also online in the Survio.com platform. The questionnaires were distributed to the students in paper form through chemistry and computer science classes. The data collected was processed in Microsoft Excel. The questionnaire survey consisted of 2 parts. In the first part, I examined the age, gender and personal experience with tobacco products of the students. In the second part, I investigated their awareness regarding oral forms of tobacco products. Results: A total of 112 respondents from 7th, 8th, 9th grade aged 13 to 16 years participated in the study, of which 18.8% had ever used tobacco (nicotine) products in their lives. A total of 6,3 % of respondents had used tobacco (nicotine) products in the last 30 days. The most common forms of nicotine were conventional...
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Smokers, Snuffers and Cigarette Smokers: The Representation of the Consumers of Tobacco Products in the Public Sphere between 1864 and 1914
Holíková, Tereza ; Storchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Šima, Karel (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the analysis of the period discourse of tobacco product consumption in the Czech lands between the years 1864 and 1914 with main focus on the unifying and differentiating potential of tobacco. The aim of the thesis is to portray how the tobacco consumer was perceived, whether they were a pipe smoker, cigar smoker, a smoker of cigarettes newly mechanically massproduced in this period or individuals insufflating ground tobacco, usually called snuffers. The thesis deals with the representation of the physical appearance and characteristic attributes of tobacco consumers in period source material. It also tries to depict how the smoking and snuffing by women and children was perceived. This thesis also aims to capture the social distinction that tobbaco consumption was associated with and how it was perceived by individual social groups of the period. The representation of period social space and its segmentation in connection to tobacco consumption is also a part of this research. The thesis also addresses the interconnection of the period eugenics discourse and the tobacco discourse. A wide spectrum of period monographies and periodics dealing with tobacco consumption was analysed as well as selected period illustrations representing tobacco consumption. The source of...
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The effect of viral infection on glycosidases activity in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Kloudová, Kateřina ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Tichá, Marie (referee)
Glycosidases are widely distributed among microorganisms and fungi, in plants and animals, too. They belong to the hydrolase class, which means that they hydrolyze glycosidic linkages in oligosacharides, polysacharides and other glycokonjugates, as for example glycoproteins, glycolipids or some alkaloids. The role of plant glycosidases has not been made clear till now, so that it is a subject of many studies as well as their characterization. The studied functions are the role during seed germination, during fruit ripening and softening and in defence against biotic and abiotic stress, too. Under biotic-stress, plants synthesize so-called pathogenesis-related proteins (PRP). It was found out that chitinases and β-1,3-glucanaces, which are endoglycosidases, act as PRPs in tobacco leaves. The goal of my work was to find out whether exoglycosidases (α- galactosidase, β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-hexosaminidase and α- mannosidase) can also act in defence against biotic stress. I studied the effect of infection in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Petit Havana SR1) leaves caused by Potato virus Y (PVY) on glycosidases activity. I examined the activity in control and infected tobacco leaves, in both cases the activity of soluble and membrane associated glycosidases was examined. I...
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The effect of heavy metals on plant carbohydrate metabolism
Kofroňová, Monika ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
Arsenic is an element which belongs to metaloids. Contamination with arsenic is a problem all over the world. Basically it is a part of Earth's crust, but with anthropogenic activities it could overspread into soil, water and air in large scale a thus it could mean health hazard. Fytoremediation is kind of environment decontamination, which is quite effective and cheap as well. Publications about arsenic and its influence on plant metabolism are mostly focused on important crop plants like rice. Rice is mostly used for experiments and questions on anatomical and morphological changes are widely being solved by these experiments, but it has only insignificant relevance for fytoremediation. There are only few publications about arsenic influence on carbohydrate metabolism, thus little is known about this problem. That is why I have decided to study this topic more deeply and get more information about carbohydrate metabolic changes under influence of arsenic and partly also under influence of mercury, because information about influence of mercury are completely lacking. My experimental material includes tobacco plant, tobacco tissue cultures and horseradish hairy roots cultures. Accumulation of starch and soluble carbohydrate spectrum and content was determined by HPLC. Furthermore arsenic influence...
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Molecular base of plant HSP90-MT interaction
Benáková, Martina ; Krtková, Jana (advisor) ; Malcová, Ivana (referee)
Microtubules (MTs) are one of the essential cell structure that participate in a number of key events in the plant cells and their properties and functions are influenced and modified by many other proteins. These proteins belong to a group of microtubule- associated proteins (MAPs, microtubule-associated proteins). One of the MAPs, the molecular chaperone Hsp90, examines and fulfills a large number of different functions in the cell. Its colocalization with MTs has been demonstrated previously by Freudenreich and Nick (1998) and Petrášek et al. (1998). However, direct interaction with MTs was described only recently using cosedimentation assay. The specific cytosolic isoform of tobacco Hsp90 bound to MTs was called Hsp90_MT due to its ability to bind MTs. It has been also found that the binding to MTs is independent on the activity of ATP (Krtková et al., 2012). The authors also described a positive effect of Hsp90_MT on MT recovery after their exposure to cold stress. Although MT cytoskeleton dynamics is influenced by a large number of MAPs, it is surprising that the molecular mechanism of MAPs interaction with MTs and their MT-binding domains have not been described yet. Therefore, we decided to determine the tobacco Hsp90_MT MT-binding domain by production of a set of recombinant proteins...
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Mechanizmus transportu cytokininů přes buněčnou membránu a jejich metabolizmus v buňkách tabákové suspenzní kultury BY-2
Klíma, Petr ; Zažímalová, Eva (advisor) ; Galuszka, Petr (referee) ; Procházka, Stanislav (referee)
MECHANISM OF CYTOKININ TRANSPORT ACROSS PLASMA MEMBRANE AND THEIR METABOLISM IN TOBACCO BY-2 CULTURED CELLS Mgr. Petr Klíma / Abstract of Ph.D. Thesis / Prague 2011 Cytokinins (CKs) are plant hormones that play a major role in a number of developmental processes in plants. Those include promotion of cell division, active growth and differentiation, and maintenance of sink-source relationships, as well as control of environmental stress responses. Native CKs are low-molecular derivatives of adenine which seem to act either as paracrine or as long-distance signals. Due to their numerous physiological effects, plants have to precisely control the occurrence of bioactive CK molecules on the levels of the whole plant, its organs, tissues as well as single cells. To achieve this, a concerted action of metabolism and transport processes is required. Studies of the kinetics of CK translocation across plasma membrane in BY-2 suspension-grown tobacco cells suggested the existence of energy-dependent, partially selective transport routes for CK bases and CK ribosides. HPLC analysis of the metabolites of accumulated CKs pointed at their fast degradation or metabolic conversion into physiologically inactive forms. The prevalent ways of inactivation were the degradation to adenine and phosphorylation or phosphoribosyl...
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Prevalence and incidence of alcohol tobacco and cannabis use in the cohort of primary school students in 6th, 7th and 8th grade
Jurystová, Lucie ; Gabrhelík, Roman (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
Background The period of adolescence is typical for first experiments and initiation of substance use. The onset of experiments emerges between 11 and 15 years of age according to different authors. Although many adolescents end with experiments, there is still a group of those who proceed to regular use. Frequent, regular and especially heavy substance use represents various risks in many aspects of individual's life. According to various studies earlier onset of substance use may predict serious difficulties in adult stages of life. Important and currently widely discussed question is differences in substance use between boys and girls. Aims To identify the age of cigarette, alcohol and cannabis use onset according to gender. To find out prevalence of use among boys and girls. To find out whether incidence of substance use is higher during school year or summer holidays. Methods The ESPAD questionnaire was used for data collection, which was realized in the period of 34 months from August 2007 until June 2010. Indicators were defined for categories of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and experience with cannabis. For clarification of the given hypothesis statistical analyses in Microsoft Office Excel 2007 were used - descriptive statistics, contingency tables, Fisher's F-test and (Student)...
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