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The influence of alcohol consumption and smoking on the physical condition of senior women
Teplá, Jana ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Kramperová, Veronika (referee)
Title: The influence of alcohol consumption and smoking on the physical condition of senior women Objectives: Assessment of the influence of alcohol consumption and smoking on the physical condition of senior women over 60 years of age Methods: The work will be processed as a cross-sectional study, in which data will be collected using a questionnaire regarding alcohol consumption and smoking during life and four physical tests selected from the test battery Senior fitness test. In order to complete the study, data regarding the lifestyle of the participants will be collected by additional questions. Results: 34 senior women aged 61-89 participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 72,1 years. Three senior women reported consumption of 15 cigarettes per day, one 12 cigarettes, two 10 cigarettes, one 10 cigarettes and one 7 cigarettes per day. Three of these women met or exceeded the normative range for their age in all physical tests, two did not reach the normative range only once, both in the 6-minute walk test, one met the norm only in the 30-Second Chair Stand, and the remaining two did not meet the norms in any test. Seventeen senior women do not consume alcohol, seven stated an average alcohol consumption of up to 20 g per day, ten over 20 g of alcohol per day and two...
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Lifestyle and quality of life of people with overweight and obesity
ŠIMKOVÁ, Simona
Overweight and obesity are a global problem. These diseases are characterized by an excessive amount of body fat in the body. The consequences of excessive body weight does not include only health effects but overweight and obesity also affect quality of life, social life and mental health of people with this disease. The basic measure of overweight and obesity is body mass index (BMI), however it may not be accurate for health risk assessment of each individual, e.g. for the development other diseases related to high weight. There are many variables associated with development of obesity such as genetic predisposition, the environment in which an individual grows up and lives, eating habits, physical activity, stress, etc. The aim of the dissertation was to determine what the quality of life and lifestyle of people with overweight and obesity is, to compare it with the quality of life and lifestyle of people with normal body weight and to describe the differences. It was choosen a quantitative research strategy to acomplish the aims. The data collection was realized by questionnaires and body composition analysis. We used a combination of standardized quality of life questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF and self administered questionnaire which was focused on lifestyle of respondents. Respondents were also measured by bioimpedance device InBody 270 for body composition analysis. The obtained data was statistically evaluated. Statistically significant differences were found between respondents with BMI <25 kg/m2 and respondents with BMI ?25 kg/m2 in individual domains of the questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF. Statistically significant differences were also found in two separately evaluated parts of the questionnaire. A higher quality of life was achieved by respondents with lower BMI in all domains as well as in two separately evaluated parts. We determined that the lifestyle is dependent on gender (positive, negative and also overall lifestyle score) with women having a healthier lifestyle than men. The negative lifestyle score was also dependent on BMI but inversely. The age had no effect in adherence to healthy lifestyle principles. We determined that people with overweight and obesity often have lower educational level. It was determined a significant association with satisfaction with health (p?0,001) and body fat percentage, amount of fat free mass, waist circumference, amount of visceral fat and waist to hip ratio. An alcohol consumption, regular physical activity or frequency of consumption of sweets and unhealthy eating also significantly affected selected body parameters. The dissertation provides a comprehensive view of the quality of life and lifestyle of overweight and obese people. It points to the fact that excessive body weight is not only health issue but it also has a negative impact in almost every aspect in the individual's life. It can point to a need of increasing awareness of all the consequences of overweight and obesity, a need to implement more preventive measures and also a complex approach for people with this disease. The dissertation can be useful for health professionals as well as other people who come in contact with overweight and obese people either in their profession or in daily life.
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Physiological principles of current therapeutic approaches in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Denisova, Elizaveta ; Rudajev, Vladimír (advisor) ; Veverová, Kateřina (referee)
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The pathology of Alzheimer's disease includes amyloid and tau hypothesis, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Classical treatments for Alzheimer's disease include drugs targeting the cholinergic and glutamatergic systems, such as donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine. Diagnostic tools and techniques are constantly evolving to better identify and monitor the course of the disease. New approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease include beta-amyloid-targeted therapies that seek to reduce the production or facilitate the clearance of these pathological peptides. Nutritional and lifestyle interventions, such as the potential effects of antioxidants on reducing oxidative stress, the neuroprotective effects of statins, and the potential benefits of a ketogenic diet for Alzheimer's patients, have become a key part of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and are being explored as part of a comprehensive strategy to improve patients' quality of life. Key words: Alzheimer's disease, amyloid hypothesis, tau hypothesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration, cholinergic system, glutamatergic system, new therapeutic approaches, nutrition, lifestyle.
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The diet of type 1 diabetics treated with insuline pumps
NOVÁČKOVÁ, Šárka
The bachelor thesis on the topic "Diet of type 1 diabetics treated with insulin pumps" focuses on the differences between the lifestyle of type 1 diabetic treated with a hybrid closed-loop insulin pump and the lifestyle of given type 1 diabetic with a previous method of diabetes compensation. In addition, the thesis examines the differences between the current diet of a diabetic on hybrid closed-loop insulin pump treatment and the nutritional recommendations for a rational diet. For the present bachelor thesis, a qualitative research was chosen and it included 9 respondents with type 1 diabetes treated with a hybrid loop insulin pump. Data was obtained through a semi-structured interview followed by analysis of weekly dietary information provided by each respondent. In the practical part, background information about the respondents is presented. In order to achieve the objectives of the thesis, the differences between the lifestyle and diet of type 1 diabetic with a hybrid loop insulin pump and the lifestyle and diet of that diabetic with previous diabetes treatment are further compared. Subsequently, each respondent's current average daily energy intake was tabulated and their optimal daily energy intake was related to their rational diet. Below the table, the respondent's weekly diet was described and their current energy intake was verbally compared to their calculated optimal daily energy intake. Finally, in the summary of results, I compared some recommendations for rational eating with the respondents' diets. As a result of the bachelor thesis, type 1 diabetics achieve a better quality of life with hybrid loop insulin pump treatment compared to previous diabetes treatment. Regarding the affinity of the rational diet with the current diet of diabetics, the results are different. From the results of the study, we found out that at least one nutritional recommendation for a rational diet matched the current diet of a diabetic.
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Diet of proffesional drivers from the perspective of nutrition therapist
KARÁSEK, Jiří
The diet of professional drivers is very different from the general population. This difference is due to a number of factors. Extraordinary working hours, irregular sleep, physical inactivity and stress. Poor facilities for the actual preparation and storage of food and poorer availability of factory catering. Professional drivers therefore often suffer from a range of health complications including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to investigate the diet of professional drivers in the Czech Republic. To map their diet in terms of caloric intake, macronutrient intake and sugars. And secondly, to find out whether the offer in the catering facilities they use during working hours corresponds to their demand. Quantitative research was chosen to meet the objectives. Anthropometric data such as height, weight, BMI and waist circumference were collected and evaluated. A questionnaire focusing on lifestyle and eating habits and an evaluation of the last 24 hours' diet. Data collection was conducted at motorway rest areas in the Central Bohemia region. The research population consisted of 30 professional truck drivers in the age range of 29- 60 years. The bachelor thesis revealed significantly higher values of BMI and waist circumference compared to the average values of the population in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire survey revealed the diet and lifestyle of the professional drivers on the road. More than half of the respondents were smokers, two thirds drink alcohol and most of them do not engage in any physical activity. Analysis of the menus showed that their calorie intake was on average 14% higher than their daily energy needs and their consumption of sugars was noticeably higher than the recommendations. The bachelor thesis provides a comprehensive view of the diet and lifestyle of professional drivers. It highlights the impact of improper diet and the incidence of associated complications. The bachelor thesis is intended to raise awareness in society of this issue and may be useful to health care personnel who work with patients in the driving profession.
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Ficino's conception of intellectual life and melancholy
Žáková, Karolína ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
Marsilio Ficino was one of the leading exponents of Florentine humanism, which in the following centuries influenced great thinkers such as Galileo Galilei, Paracelsus and John Amos Comenius. The main subject of my interest is the problem of melancholy in relation to the intellectual life, as captured in Ficino's De libri tres, especially the De vita sana. The methodological framework of the history of philosophy will correspond to this topic. Melancholy has an ambivalent nature, in general it has been perceived as a benign disease, but in the case of intellectuals it is not merely a blight, but also their gift and a means by which they can devote themselves to their studies. The thesis will first set the main issue in the broader context of Ficino's Neo-Platonism and then turn to a comprehensive interpretation of the concepts of intellectual life and melancholy as perceived by Ficino, including the individual advice that Marsilio gave to scholars to improve their performance in their studies. At the same time, my aim is to show that the thoughts of a man who lived and worked in 15th century are still alive today, despite the marked difference between the times of humanism and modern science, influenced in particular by the philosophy of René Descartes. KEY WORDS melancholy, black bile,...
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Lifestyle of a professional ice hockey player (comparison of views of former and current professional hockey players on sports career and personal life)
MATĚJKA, David
The diploma thesis examines the world of professional ice hockey from the perspective of professional ice hockey players themselves and presents what the lifestyle of a professional ice hockey player looks like. The research also aims to describe the private life, hockey beginnings, approach to studies and ideas about life after hockey. The aim of the thesis is to map the self-reflection of their own career and all the positive and negative circumstances that ice hockey players face during their career and to compare their accounts with those of former ice hockey players and to prove two hypotheses. The first one asks whether it is really a collective sport or an individual competition within a collective, the second one is based on the lifestyle of professional ice hockey players themselves and tries to prove that one's own sporting career can be seen as a life on try-out. The research itself is anchored in the relevant literature and supported by the testimonies of the respondents. The thesis highlights all aspects of professional ice hockey through the eyes of ice hockey players, while also highlighting issues hidden from the public. Thanks to the authentic testimonies of the respondents, the thesis features unconventionally frank confessions of direct actors describing the dark sides that the environment of professional sport offers. Based on the interviews conducted, the author's experience and the literature, a typology of professional ice hockey players was created, in which the theoretical and practical grounding of the research conducted is achieved.
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Rozdíly stravování mezi žáky SŠ a jejich životní styl
Hanousková, Alice
The bachelor´s thesis is focused on the eating habits of high school students and their lifestyle. The aim of the theoretical part is to explain the issues of eating, healthy lifestyle and to define the factors, that affect this issue. The theoretical part also focused on clarifying the need for macro and micronutrients for organism during adolescence and deriving consequences inappropriate eating and lifestyle. The practical part is devoted to quantitative research which takes the form of a questionnaire survey. The aim of the practical part was to find out and compare the re-sults in eating and lifestyle between the pupils of the graduation field of the hotel indus-try and the field of study chef-waiter. The respondents for this finding were pupils of a selected high school in the Vyškov district.
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The Attitude of University Students towards Sport and Physical Activities
Šimurdová, Alžběta Anna ; Kotlík, Kamil (advisor) ; Peřinová, Radka (referee)
Author: Bc. Alžběta Anna Šimurdová Title: The attitude of university students towards sport and physical activities Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to determine whether university students tend to do more physical activities and sports compared to people who have been already working and whether they do have any preferences in sports or any other physical activities. Another objective is an analysis and comparison of diet between the two groups in order to focus on their regime, addictions, sleep, and daily routines. Methods: This thesis is based on a quantitative type of research. The SFSPA questionnaire was elected as the main research method. This questionnaire was adjusted to meet the needs of the theoretical outcomes of this thesis. The questionnaire was published through a form on Google Forms, from which all the answers were transferred into an MS Excel file where all the data were processed into written form, all the results transferred to graphs and contingency tables were formed. Hypotheses were verified through Pearson's Chí-kvadrát test. Results: There were 294 participants from the Czech Republic answering the questionnaire. Out of all 294 participants, 187 were university students, and 107 working citizens. The gender distribution for this questionnaire was 202 women...
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Older School–Age Children’s Leisure and its Experiencing. Results of the Representative Survey – Czech Republic 2021 (Monitoring Study)
Patočková, Věra ; Čermák, Daniel ; Šafr, Jiří
The aim of the study is to present results of the own representative survey How children spend and experience their leisure 2021, which monitor the state of children's leisure at the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century. In the begging of the study, the main findings are summarized and the parameters of the research are introduced. Then, the results of a more detailed analyses are presented. At first, these focus on how much leisure children have. Then, two more extensive chapters follow that represent the main parts of the study. They focus on how children spend their leisure and how they experience it. The final part of the study presents selected factors influencing the possibilities and ways of spending leisure: parents' views on children's leisure, household expenses related to children's leisure, satisfaction with the possibilities for spending leisure and perceived barriers.
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