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Constitutional definition of the mechanisms of control of territorial self-governing units
Dušek, Libor ; Antoš, Marek (advisor) ; Suchánek, Radovan (referee)
The aim is to answer the question of whether effective control mechanisms exist in the Czech Republic which would guarantee the fulfilment of legal regulations by municipalities and regional authorities dealing with public property. It is also my aim to explore whether such control mechanisms result from the constitutionally guaranteed rights to local government and, if they do, to what extent they may be incorporated in the Czech legislation. My diploma thesis is based on specific case studies, the case law of general courts and the current jurisprudence of the Czech Constitutional Court. After the description of the current state of affairs in the Czech Republic, I further focus on the definition of the control mechanisms of local governments in Czechoslovakia between the two world wars (1918 - 1938) and partly also during the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This diversion leading to this era has been selected to reflect the efforts to resume the local government traditions in the context of the renewal of the local government scheme in the Czech Republic after 1989. It is proven towards the end of the historical survey that unlike today, there were effective control mechanisms available before World War II, with several alternatives. The thesis also compares the legal regulations beyond the control...
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Spanish Model of Asymmetric Regionalism: An Analysis
Bernas, Vlastimil ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Pithart, Petr (referee)
Diplomová práce Analýza španělského modelu asymetrického regionalismu ~ 1 ~ Summary The masterʼs degree thesis "Spanish Model of Asymmetric Regionalism: An Analysis" deals with the concept of political-administrative division of a state, which has been typical of the Kingdom of Spain. The masterʼs degree thesis aims to profoundly analyze all the substantial aspects of this unique type of inner arrangement of a state, namely in broader (above all in legal, in historical and in political) relations. When elaborating on the topic I drew on Czech and English monographic literature (this applies both to the theoretical and to the historical part of the thesis) and on topical wordings of Spanish legal regulations; I also made use of various sources, as e.g. of professional articles online, of relevant judicial decisions, or of notes I made in Spain at lectures on Spanish constitutional law. The thesis consists of three chapters which are further divided into subchapters. In the initial theoretical chapter attention is paid to the typology of states according to their inner arrangement. The concepts such as confederation, federation, unitary state or regional state are explained here. The second chapter provides the overview of historical development of Spain (or, more exactly, of Iberian Peninsula) from the first...
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Rightist extremism and radicalism in the Czech Republic - constitutional law aspekts
Klimešová, Kateřina ; Hofmannová, Helena (advisor) ; Janstová, Kateřina (referee)
1 Rightlist extremism and radicalism in the Czech Republic constitutional law aspects Keywords Rightlist extremism, radicalism, constitutional law, human dignity, democracy, neonazists Abstract The subject of this thesis is description of activities of selected Czechoslovak and Czech political parties and movements with elements of right-wing extremism since the establishment of Czechoslovakia until 1945 and from 1989 to the present. More over I analyze the possibility of intrusion of democratic stability by activities of these subjects and examine legal instruments held by the society, to defend democracy. Reading my work, the reader should have complete view on this issue and clear comparison of right-wing extremism and its consequences in the past and present. Source of my work is the constitutional order of the Czech Republic, in particular the Czech Constitution and the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, laws and jurisprudence. A valuable source was also historical and legal literature, manuals and guidelines of the public administration. Describing of some right-wing extremist entities, I have used their own publishing activities, primarily Internet resources. The work is divided into two parts, of which the first mainly deals with the history of right-wing extremism in Czechoslovakia and the...
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Does judicial activism endanger the constitutional order of the CR?
Bartonička, Jan ; Hřebejk, Jiří (advisor) ; Hofmannová, Helena (referee)
It is often accentuated - not only by legal scholars, but also by political scientists - that law, politics, and society in the modern West have been marked by the increasing power of the judge. Therefore in my thesis I have decided to describe the current problems in the constitutional judiciary, including the issue of the so-called goverment of judges (or judicial tyranny) and the role of constitutional courts and judges in modern society. Needless to say, my work is based on extensive use of the fundamental book "Constitutional Courts and Democratic Values: A European Perspective" written by Victor Ferreres Comella, which provides the most detailed analytic description of the centralized model of constitutional review currently available. My thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters and a final conclusion. In the first chapter, the history of Czechoslovak and Czech constitutional judiciary is described from the beginning in the 1920s to the birth of the Czech Republic in the 1990s. In the second part of my thesis, the models of constitutional judiciary in contemporary world in brief are dealt with. French, American and German model are characterized and the specific way in which they function is investigated. In the third chapter I focus on the so-called problem of judical republic,...
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The Head of State in the constitutional system of the Czech Republic: de iure and de facto
Gřešák, Martin ; Gronský, Ján (advisor) ; Hřebejk, Jiří (referee)
Diploma thesis "The Head of State in the constitutional system of the Czech Republic: de iure and de facto" discourses both provisions, which integrate the institution of the president of the republic in constitution, and the virtual implementation of this uppermost authority in the state. At the beginning, the thesis deals with the historical dimension of the issue. It speaks of the general development and history of the office in Czech lands. Hereupon a depiction of the theoretical extent of this office follows. A large verge is devoted to the placement and the powers of the president in the constitution. The pragmatic part of the thesis consists of two case studies. The first one deals with the presidency of Václav Havel. The second one deals with the execution of the office by Václav Klaus. An extra attention is paid to the analysis of the accordance between the theoretical and pragmatic pursuance of the office of president of the Czech Republic.
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Federalization of Czechoslovakia in 1968 and its reflection in Czech and Slovak daily press
Jozífek, Radek ; Bednařík, Petr (advisor) ; Benda, Josef (referee)
Thesis "Federalization of Czechoslovakia in 1968 and its reflection in Czech and Slovak daily press" deals with the way selected Czech and Slovak newspapers reflected preparations and enactment of "Czechoslovak federation Act". Thesis is composed of four parts. The first describes history and evolution of relations between Czechs and Slovaks: foundation of their common state, creation of separate Slovak state, reconstruction of the republic after Second World War and later events. It explains why federalization was so important topic for Slovaks in 1968. The second part explores the situation of media in Czechoslovakia in 1968, when the censorship was banned during liberalization process of "Prague Spring". However, this process was cut off by the invasion of members of Warsaw Pact to the country. The third part is concerned with "Czechoslovak federation Act" itself, frames this important amendment of "Socialist" constitution from 1960 in Czech constitutional history. The fourth part reviews the way how Czech (Rudé právo, Svobodné slovo, Lidová demokracie) and Slovak newspapers (Pravda, Hlas ľudu, Smer) reflected federalization in selected time periods of 1968 and 1969.
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Constitutional development of the Francist Spain
Vavrušková, Magda ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Constitutional Development of the Francoist Spain Summary in English The aim of the thesis is to describe political regime, legal order and especially the constitutional laws applicable in Spain during the governance of Francisco Franco Bahamonde between the years 1936 and 1975. Franco took part in the military uprising against the Second Spanish Republic and soon became the leader of the nationalist troops. As the head of state he constructed a "New State" inspired by the fascist, falangist and traditionalistic ideas. Under the influence of international circumstances after the Second World War he was forced to change his allies - Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany was replaced by the United States - but his autocratic regime did not change a lot. It was still him who disposed of the unlimited power and whose status was unchangable. The free competition of the political parties was disabled as the only legal party was Francoist FET y de las JONS (later known as National Movement). During his reign Franco adopted seven constitutional laws which confirmed human rights and ideological principles of the regime and organized the state administration and public authorities. First of these laws was Labour Charter, adopted in 1938, followed by Law on the Cortes in 1942, Charter of the Spaniards in 1945, Law on...
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The President of the Republic within the constitutional system of the Czechoslovak Republic before Munich
Jandura, Michal ; Gronský, Ján (advisor) ; Janstová, Kateřina (referee)
124 VII. Shrnutí Diplomní práce s názvem Prezident republiky v ústavním systému předmnichovské ČSR se zabývá ústavním postavením prezidenta republiky v době první republiky, tj. v letech 1918 - 1938 a to po stránce formálně ústavní, avšak i z hlediska jeho faktického postavení. Autor v diplomní práci naznačuje slabší formální postavení prezidenta republiky v tzv. prozatímní ústavě z roku 1918 ( zákon č. 37/1918 Sb. z. a n. ze dne 13. listopadu 1918, o prozatímní ústavě ) a jeho poněkud silnější formální postavení v Ústavní listině z roku 1920 ( zákon č. 121/1920 Sb. z. a n. ze dne 29. února 1920, kterým se uvozuje Ústavní listina Československé republiky ) a dále v práci zdůrazňuje velmi silné faktické postavení prezidenta republiky Tomáše Garrigue Masaryka plynoucí z jeho silné osobnosti, avšak i s ohledem na jeho zásluhy o vznik Československé republiky a z jeho všestranných morálních předpokladů pro výkon této funkce. Silné faktické postavení prezidenta republiky je vysvětleno na jeho vztahu k vůdcům státotvorných politických stran uskupených v neformální koalici zvané " pětka", kterými byl první prezident pro svoji autoritu respektován. Dále se autor věnuje podrobně jednotlivým pravomocem prezidenta republiky, které byly vymezeny především zmiňovanou Ústavní listinou z roku 1920, avšak i dále celou...
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Constitutional Conformity of Regulation n. 163/1991, on Establishment of the Šumava National Park: Study 1.199
Syllová, Jindřiška
Parlament České republiky má podstatným způsobem ztíženu možnost změnit hranice Národního parku Šumava. Nemůže přijmout věcnou novelu nařízení vlády, kterým byl park zřízen. Z toho vyplývá, že po celá desetiletí je řádný zákonodárce v podstatě vyloučen z možnosti zmenšit nebo zvětšit území národního parku prostřednictvím vlastní zákonodárné iniciativy. Aby mohli být poslanci úspěšní, museli by navrhnout a přijmout celý nový zákon o Národním parku Šumava. Jiným méně razantním způsobem není možno do hranic parku zasáhnout. Je jistě náročné pro jednotlivé poslance vypracovat celý nový zákon, čímž je omezeno právo zákonodárné iniciativy poslanců a poslaneckých skupin. Rovněž další subjekty, které mají právo zákonodárné iniciativy, jsou tímto omezením zasaženi (včetně zastupitelstev krajů). Takto je petrifikován dosavadní právní stav, který sice z procesuálního hlediska není možno považovat (ve světle judikatury Ústavního soudu) za protiústavní, nicméně jeho dlouhodobé pokračování už je z hlediska práv jednotlivých subjektů zákonodárné iniciativy i z hlediska práv zákonodárce problematické. Rovněž některé další důvody, zejména aspekty týkající se právního státu, vedou k závěru, že se nařízení vlády, kterým byl zřízen Národní park Šumava, ocitá na samých hranicích konformity s Ústavou České republiky.
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