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Prevention and therapy of spasticity in patients after cerabral apoplexy
TÁBORSKÁ, Žaneta
Spasticity is a manifestation of many neurological diseases, for example an infantile cerebral palsy, a traumatic injury of brain and spinal cord, a multiple sclerosis and a stroke. A genesis of the spasticity is not yet completely clarified and many definitions try to explain it. The spasticity can deepen a disability of patients even with a minimal paresis. The spasticity has a different clinical picture at various diseases of the central nervous system, but even at different patients with the same diagnosis, it also varies in the course of time at one and the same patient. The biggest problem in the treatment of the spasticity is the fact that the treatment, efficient at one patient, can completely fail at the other. A goal of this thesis was to give an overview of current options in a treatment of the spasticity. Therapeutic approaches to reduce the spasticity are usually a part of special kinesio-therapeutic methodologies, which are for example an anti-spastic positioning, a volitionary relaxation, passive movements, an anti-spastic placing (Bobath´s conception), relaxation techniques (PNF), an application of splints, a long-term effect of the heat, an icing and others. On the contrary, it is intensified by pain, pressure sores, a sub-luxation position most often of the shoulder joint, a psychical stress, urinary tract infections etc. In the theoretical part I focused on a control of the muscle tone, pathophysiology, clinical symptomatology, diagnostics and especially prevention and the treatment of the spasticity. In the practical part I investigated an effectiveness of an anti-spastic therapy through the qualitative research. For the data collection it was used an anamnesis, observations (kinesiological analysis), case reports and a secondary data analysis. The research was made at two probands with a brain damage on the vascular basis. I was finding out an effectiveness of selected therapies for individual probands {--} and at the same time its suitable combination. I focused on the area of the upper extremity. At the first patient there was a success, by a suitable combination of individual methods, to positively affect the spasticity and an active momentum of the upper extremity. At the second patient in a chronic stage of spasticity it was managed to influence it always only for a short term and results varied considerably in the course of time. The treatment of the spasticity must be preceded by a thorough knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms, a neurophysiology and above all a complex kinesiological analysis. The therapeutic approach should be always individual, to respond appropriately to changes in the clinical picture and to use suitable combinations of therapeutic approaches. If the treatment of the spasticity is successful, it positively affects the motor deficit and reduces the patient's disability.
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Active life style for seniors
Kolářová, Kateřina ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Hráský, Pavel (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FAKULTA TĚLESNÉ VÝCHOVY A SPORTU Aktivní životní styl seniorů Abstract Vedoucí bakalářské práce: Vypracovala: Prof. Ing. Václav Bunc, Csc. Kateřina Kolářová Praha, leden 2012 Abstract Title: Active lifestyle for seniors Objectives: The objectives of this work is to demonstrate the positive influence of active living on seniors through literary analysis Methods: The thesis has a research character. Information to support founded in a variety of sources, including scholarly reports and internet sources. It will focus on the benefits of an active lifestyle on the health and wellbeing of seniors. Initially, the thesis considers the characteristics of age and aging. In the next section there will be an examination of how an active lifestyle affects the quality of life and overall health of seniors. In other words, what are the important factors that result in healthy outcomes. Results: The research will determine the ideal activities that will benefit elderly people. If seniors are to become more active, they will have to be motivated to exercise on their own or in groups and this activity will have to be readily available at a moderate cost and be enjoyable to participate in. The best way to sport is walk for them. Keywords: Seniors, a active-healthy lifestyle, age, fitness,...
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Interactions of new compounds with constitutive androstane receptor
Lágnerová, Jitka ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Trejtnar, František (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Jitka Lágnerová Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Interactions of new compounds with constitutive androstane receptor Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in a broad range of biological processes. Pregnan X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are members of the orphan NR subfamily, that were originally defined as xenobiotic sensors regulating the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in order to protect the body from toxic chemicals. Alteration in CAR function may impact not only pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and toxicity of drugs but also endocrine homeostasis, energy metabolism, and cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to verified interactions of newly synthesized compounds with human CAR. Using the methods of gene-reporter assay and two- hybrid assay we tested 40 agents in various concentrations in HepG2 and LS174T cell lines. As the direct ligands of hCAR with significant transcriptional activity we have identified two substances, namely 2 - (3-methoxyphenyl)quinazoline-4-thiol, resp. -ol used in concentration of 10 µM. In the future, the...
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Branched Polyesters Plasticized by Ethylpyruvate as Adhesive Carriers of Drugs
Praislerová, Daniela ; Šnejdrová, Eva (advisor) ; Dittrich, Milan (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate Mgr. Daniela Praislerová Consultant PharmDr. Eva Šnejdrová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis Branched polyesters plasticized by ethylpyruvate as adhesive carriers of drugs The aim of this rigorous thesis was the study of adhesive and rheological properties of branched oligoesters and acyclovir and fluconazole release from these carriers. The theoretical part introduces especially bioadhesion (the mechanism and factors), the application of the bioadhesives, the plasticization and the measuring of the viscosity. The practical part is regarded to the adhesion of the polyesters of lactic and glycolic acids branched using pentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol in different concentrations, plasticized by 20 % of ethylpyruvate. Plasticized carriers represent the viscous systems; their adhesion to the substrate can be explained by wetting theory. All tested polyesters showed the adhesive properties. The optimal adhesiveness was found out at certain range of the viscosity values. Drug release was influenced particularly by the molar weight of the carriers. Sustained release of acyclovir from carrier branched by tripentaerythritol in concentration of 5 % was obvious with no burst effect; 80% of...
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Biological activity of plants metabolites. XVIII. Alkaloids of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. WANG.
Poruba, Martin ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Martin Poruba Consultant: Doc. RNDr. Lubomír Opletal, CSc. Title of Thesis: Biological activity of plants metabolites XVIII. Alkaloids of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.WANG. Cholinesterase inhibitors are the only approved drugs for treating patiens with mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cholinergic hypothesis postulates that memory impairment in patiens with AD result from a deficit of cholinergic function in the brain. A decrease of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain of patiens with AD appers to be a critical element in producing dementia. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can restore the level of acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. In the screening of natural inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, alkaloid extracts from species of Papaverales have demonstrated important AChE inhibitory activity. The summary extract of alkaloids was prepared from the dry tubers of Corydalis yanhusuo (10,8 kg). The ethanolic extract was fractionated to get weak-, medium and hight-basic alkaloids and chlorides of quarternary bases. From the diethylether fraction (pH 12) of alkaloids were isolated two known alkaloids: palmatine (CAS 3486-67-7) and...
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The Quality of life after revascularisation management
Slavíková, Radka ; Schneiderová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šauerová, Daniela (referee) ; Motyčka, Petr (referee)
Bachelor's thesis is focused on the quality of life after revascularization procedures. The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis is to conceive a view on measurement of quality of life, different methods of its measurement and factors that can influence it. There are also summarized the diagnostics of arterial disease and risk factors that can negatively influence the health status of human population. Prevention, treatment and different kinds of revascularization procedures are accented. Crux of the thesis is made by quantitative survey (by questionaires) focused on the influence of the disease and its treatment on the quality of life. The sample of population examined here is formed by 50 respondents, who have undergone a revascularization procedure in "Pardubicka krajska nemocnice a.s." at the period of time starting 10 years ago up to1 month ago and who are periodically attended at the outpatient clinic of this hospital.
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The charakter of the German political culture in Masaryk´s concepts
Broklová, Eva
While at the break of World War I T. G. Masaryk intended to write a study related to the nature and charakter of nations, the following international circumstances prevented him to do so. This creates certain gap in Masaryk's views on the subject of what is called since mid-20th century political culture. Masaryk's decision to get involved in the exile struggles for an independent democratic Czechoslovakia seems to prove sufficiently that he viewed German philosophy of history, German political and germanization goals, as the greatest danger for the world development, including the Czech nation. The victory of the Allies and the fall of the Imperial Germany opened a new perspective for a democracy. From Masaryk´s fragmentary references, when he was a Czechoslovak President, it is clear that he was aware of the possibility of relapses of German aggression and even of dangers of nazism. But in his speeches he responded with restraints, hoping to influence the situation with positive ideas and encouragements.
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The comparison of imaging methods in diagnosis of renal artery diseases
PAVLIŠOVÁ, Ivana
The present brings much information on development and course of various health disorders, including those of renal arteries. These disorders may be in the majority of cases both the cause and effect of serious diseases. The disorders of renal arteries represent risks to the patients undergoing their diagnostics. With development of technical and testing procedures, and with acquiring of new experience, the new, ionizing-radiation-free methods become more available. My bachelor's thesis maps the available methods carried out at the Department of Imaging Methods in the Motol University Hospital. The thesis describes the methods applying imaging by ionizing radiation (digital substraction angiography and computer tomography), as well as the methods using other physical principles for imaging, i.e. magnetic resonance and ultrasonic diagnostics. The thesis explores the algorithm of testing according to the indications and contraindications to the specific examination, and according to the age and sex of the patient. I have pointed out both advantages and disadvantages of the individual methods that might influence the expected results of examination. I concentrated on the contemporary situation of magnetic resonance in the diagnostics of renal arteries, which is gradually replacing the digital substraction angiography. The hypothesis consists of the role of the magnetic resonance in diagnostics of renal arteries, which is minimally limited by contraindications. The description of diagnostic procedures is based on medical literature and specialized sources. The information on the patients' examination has been drawn from the UNIS hospital information system in the Motol University Hospital. The conclusions shall serve as the basis for the internal methodical approach in diagnostics of the disorders of renal arteries.
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The association process of the Czech Republic to the European Union
Hobza, Alexandr ; Štěňhová, Božena (advisor) ; Jakš, Jaroslav (referee) ; Klosová, Anna (referee) ; Plecitý, Jiří (referee)
Tato dizertační práce se zaměřuje na problematiku koordinace strukturálních reforem v kontextu přičleňování ČR k EU. Zkoumá, zda proces koordinace reforem v EU, navržený pro ?staré? členské země je aktuální i pro ČR, jakožto ?novou? členskou zemi, která prošla procesem transformace z centrálně plánované na tržní ekonomiku. Práce vytváří všeobecný analytický rámec, který bere do úvahy nejen potenciál koordinace politik ovlivnit obsahovou stránku národních reformních strategií, ale také její potenciál vytvořit vhodné podmínky pro jejich implementaci. Uzavírá, že Lisabonská strategie koordinace reforem může přispět implementaci potřebných strukturálních reforem, ačkoliv je to podmíněno řadou faktorů.
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Vliv cestovního ruchu na ekonomický rozvoj Keni
Hindráková, Hana ; Adamcová, Lenka (advisor) ; Netková, Jarmila (referee)
Hlavním cílem mé diplomové práce je analyzovat současný stav cestovního ruchu v Keni, jeho význam v národním hospodářství a zjistit, zda má země dostatek předpokladů být destinací cestovního ruchu. Stanovila jsem si dva dílčí cíle: 1. Navrhnout, jakou novou strategii by měla Keňa uplatňovat v rozvoji cestovního ruchu, aby z části dokázala zmírnit chudobu svých obyvatel, tzn. jak by cestovní ruch mohl pozitivně ovlivnit životní úroveň keňských obyvatel. Budu se věnovat především alternativním formám cestovního ruchu. 2. Zjistit, jak si Keňa stojí v rámci cestovního ruchu mezi ostatními africkými zeměmi. V diplomové práci pracuji s následujícími hypotézami, které se pokusím potvrdit či případně vyvrátit. Hypotéza 1: Keňa má dostatek předpokladů být destinací cestovního ruchu. Hypotéza 2: Rozvoji cestovního ruchu nejvíce brání nedostatečná suprastruktura a nevzdělané obyvatelstvo. Hypotéza 3: Keňa disponuje dobrými podmínkami pro rozvoj alternativních forem cestovního ruchu. Hypotéza 4: Keňa má před sebou velkou budoucnost v oblasti cestovního ruchu v rámci afrických zemí. Hypotéza 5: Keňa se začíná orientovat na nové formy cestovního ruchu. Záměrům a cíli diplomové práce odpovídá struktura členění.
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