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Biological Activities and Chemical Content of Glycyrrhiza Species
Cheel Horna, Jose Carlos ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Sikyta, Bohumil (referee) ; Mučaji, Pavel (referee)
7. ABSTRACT 7.1. Phenolic content profiles and free radical-scavenging activity of roots of Glycyrrhiza species In this study, the free radical-scavenging activity of 80% methanolic extracts from G. glabra, G. uralensis, G. echinata, and G. pallidiflora roots was assessed using DPPH free radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays. The total contents of phenolics (TP), flavonoids (TF), and tannins (TT) were also measured. From the results, G. glabra showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (DRSA), whereas G. echinata exhibited the lowest values of DRSA. Extracts from G. uralensis, G. echinata, and G. pallidiflora showed the highest superoxide radical scavenging activity (SRSA). The highest TP content was found out in G. uralensis and G. echinata (4.71 and 4.70 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 mg of extract, respectively). The highest TF content (1.84 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 mg of extract) was observed in G. glabra, whereas the lowest value (0.53 mg QE/100 mg of extract) was measured in G. pallidiflora. Extracts from G. uralensis and G. pallidiflora showed the highest TT content. There were positive and significant correlations between TP and SRSA (r = 0.6881, p < 0.05) and between TT and SRSA (r = 0.7754, p < 0.05). The TF content was significantly correlated only with DRSA (r...
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Diversity of forest vegetation in the region of České středohoří
Tydlitátová, Klára ; Sklenář, Petr (advisor) ; Hédl, Radim (referee)
Abstract The topography of the Milešov part of the České středohoří Mts represents a suitable model for study of spatial distribution of diversity and the effects of ecological factors on species diversity and composition. Near-natural forest vegetation was sampled at eleven hills by stratified-randomly sited relevés. Soil samples were collected in relevés at nine hills also. The soil samples were used for maximal capillary capability, pH, carbon and nitrogen volume analyses. These ecological factors, as well as tree cover, altitude and heat load index, were used for examination of the correlation of ecological factors with diversity, species richness and species composition. Positive relationship between species richness and heat load index and soil reaction was identified. Species diversity (Shannon index) positively correlates with soil reaction also. After partialling out geographic components in the samples, a significant correlation between the heat load index, tree cover and altitude and species composition of the herb and shrub layer was found. Values of alpha and beta components were rated using partitioning of diversity to alpha and beta components at four levels (relevé - aspect - hill - landscape). The beta component at the aspect level and the beta component at the hill level were...
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Analysis of low-molecular proteins in barley by the SDS-PAGE method during malting
Myslivcová, Pavla ; Svoboda, Zdeněk (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of low molecular weight proteins in barley during malting by SDS-PAGE method. Attention was paid to PR proteins, specifically LTP proteins and thionins, considered to be connected with gushing effect. Barley samples, malt intermediates and malt samples taken in 10 consecutive days to cover the whole malting process were used for the experiment. In total, 5 samplings were used for the analysis. Proteins extracted from the samples were separated by SDS-PAGE using a Tris-tricine buffer system. The protein lines of LTP proteins and thionins were identified in the resulting gels. The relative optical density values of the selected protein bands were obtained to assess the effect of malting on these proteins. A similar pattern of change in the content of mentioned low molecular weight proteins during the malting process was observed. This was confirmed by finding a statistically significant positive correlation between the relative optical density values of LTP proteins and thionins. Furthermore, the relationship between the low molecular weight protein content and the gushing potential and the microbiological contamination of the samples was investigated, but was not confirmed.
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Education and HIV: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Kopecký, Tadeáš ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Korbel, Václav (referee)
The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a large threat for developing countries, es- pecially for Sub-Saharan Africa. To be able to fight the epidemic, we need to understand the socio-economic drivers of it to distinguish the groups of people at the highest risk of the HIV. We performed an econometric analysis using logistic regression dealing with the relationship between education and several HIV connected factors - HIV status, HIV knowledge and sexual behavior - based on a large sample from 21 Sub-Saharan African countries from Demographic and Health Survey data collection from years 2008-2014. The education ap- pears to be non-lineary correlated with the HIV status as people with primary and secondary education are at the highest risk of being HIV positive. These results can be nevertheless influenced by e.g. survivorship bias as the education appears to have a positive effect on both HIV knowledge and protective sexual behavior. It is thus advised to promote education in the Sub-Saharan Africa. At the same time, it is needed to target the help primary to the groups at the highest risk of being HIV positive to prevent further spread of HIV and to help families of the HIV positive individuals. Moreover, we found that there is no significant difference in the correlation between education and HIV status between...
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The Ukrainian family names
Jarošová, Kateřina ; Savický, Nikolaj (referee) ; Lendělová, Věra (advisor)
In my thesis I follow the issue of Ukrainian family names. The study of anthroponymics in itself is still of live reflection due to the fact that both first and family names make it possible to get important data not only from philological point of view (for language structure research) but also from historical and ethnographical ones. Key guiding sources for this essay were: Publication "Sučasni ukrajinski prizvyšča" by J.K.Reďko and dictionary "Prizvyšča zakarpatskych ukrajinciv: Istoryko-etymologičnyj slovnyk" by P.Čučka. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the origin and history of the Ukrainian family names development and to examine family names word-making together with their grammatical and pragmatical special features. My analysis of individual word-making styles has proved that suffixation is the most common way of word-making in the Ukraine. Furthermore, this study deals with the variety and semantics of the Ukrainian family names. Special attention is being paid to family names of the Carpathian area, which are in typological terms (word roots of non-Slavonic origin) substantially different from family names coming from central and eastern areas. I have carried out detailed analysis of the most productive patronymic suffix in Carpathian Ukraine: "- / - / -" ("-ák" in Czech). I have...
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Laboratory options in diagnostics of bacterial meningitis
Fárová, Marcela ; Nyč, Otakar (advisor) ; Hobstová, Jiřina (referee)
The mutual companson of the methods used for the diagnostics of bacterial meningitides was the aim of this work. The bacterial meningitis is a very serious disease and its laboratory diagnostics should include such a spectrum of the examinations, which guarantees the highest posibility of discovering the pathogens. The efficiency of latex agglutination, classic bacterial cultivation and peR of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae was compared. The peR enables the direct prove of DNA for the pathogens mentioned above. The results confirmed the contribution of peR that is rapid, specific and sensitive. It was proved in 5 cases, where the peR was positive, while the other tests were false negative. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Education of adults in mother centres
Kurzweilová, Jolana ; Neusarová, Jana (referee) ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor)
Activities of mother centres in Czech Republic are getting more and more into the peoples mind. There are many programs going on in the mother centres. One of them is education for adults, which has many varieties and consequences. In my study I am introducing mother centres like non-government, non-profitable organizations, which are natural and meaningful part of civic society. I am characterizing people who are clients of mother centres or its active employees. I am introducing education for adults in mother centres in its full scope. I am presenting all the forms, methods, contents and personal support and financing of education. In the end of my work is highlighted the importance of education for adults in mother centres for an individual and for the whole society. In my study I am trying to point out how important for development of personality is active commitment and positive meaning of active work for the others. When preparing the study I used special literature and my personal experience of working in the Family and Cultural Centre Nová Trojka, where organizing of educational events was a part of my work.
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The importance of probiotics and prebiotics in diseases of childhood
JERKOVIČOVÁ, Diana
The major goal of this thesis was to explore and summarize the issue of the importance of prebiotics and probiotics in the prevention and treatment of disease in childhood in the form of theoretical work using a variety of literary sources, both Czech and foreign. The most important prerequisite for proper physical growth, health and psychosocial development of the child is good nutrition. The simplest and most natural way of feeding babies is breast-feeding. Breast milk is absolutely perfect composition, optimum temperature and protects infants against various infections and allergies. The colonization of the intestinal microflora, which affects among other things, our immune and digestive system, begins to occur during childbirth (vaginal and fecal microflora from its mother), and from breast milk or the environment. The settlement is delayed if the child was born by Caesarean section. If infants are only breastfed their intestinal microflora is composed of 90% of healthy bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Probiotics are referred as living organisms (bacteria and yeasts) which have shown positive influence on the health of the host when administered in adequate amounts. Probiotics in pediatric practice has tripled over the last ten years. The most used are bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and / or activity of certain strains of intestinal microflora. The first area of concern of the effect of prebiotics and probiotics in the prevention and treatment of various diseases in children were atopic disease whose prevalence in recent decades, greatly affects the whole society. In case of atopic dermatitis and food allergies there are number of optimistic studies that demonstrate the positive effect of combination of probiotics and prebiotics (synbiotics), on the other hand, there are studies on this issue which are rather skeptical and do not confirm this positive effect. Convincing results come from the area of diarrhoea. Regarding acute diarrhoea that are in children caused mainly by rotavirus, was observed clearly positive effects of probiotics, which occur to shorten the duration of rotavirus diarrhea to about 40 hours, or to reduce the number of stools and the duration of diarrhea by approximately one day, and especially where there has been the early administration. Similarly, in a majority of cases the positive impact of the use of probiotics for diarrhoea associated with antibiotic treatment, especially during simultaneous use. Regarding inflammatory bowel diseases, favorable results are achieved in particular in the case of ulcerative colitis, which is the use of a positive effect of probiotics in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate inflammatory activity comparable to drug treatment, but in Crohn's disease, a positive influence is entirely clear. Positive results also come in necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. However, these results are difficult to interpret because studies. Very similar results in the effects of probiotics and prebiotics are in the prevention of nosocomial sepsis in preterm infants. Although showing some positive effects, particularly in infants with very low birth weight, there was a positive effect of probiotics or prebiotics in different studies fully demonstrated and it would be desirable to assess the safety and effectiveness of future research. It would be necessary to examine which specific types of probiotics should be used and in what dosage. In general, therefore, could be said that despite all the optimistic results of a positive effect of probiotics and prebiotics in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, there is the need for further research, that this positive effect is confirmed or refuted.
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Biocentres and biocorridors in agricultural landscape - importance for communities of epigeic beetles (\kur{Coleoptera})
STLUKA, Pavel
Communities of epigeic beetles were monitored on five localities, which were found in South Bohemia in Písecku. There were places located in agriculture landscape, which is affected by human activities. Selected localities were composed of biocenters and biocorridors. There were forest localities (spruce monoculture, age 60-70 years), edge of the forest, corn field and two groves with different sizes. The method of pitfall trapping was used for sampling. There were found 2409 specimens of epigeic beetles (15 families and 70 species). The highest number of epigeic beetles was found on both groves. There were found 864 individuals in smaller grove and 684 individuals of beetles in larger grove. Activity of beetles in the other localities was lesser. There were found 403 individuals on field, 333 individuals in the edge of forest and least number of beetles (125 individuals) was found in forest. Species´ spectrum of epigeic beetles was divided into three groups according by the sensitivity to antropogenic impacts (relict, adaptable and eurytop species). There were found only two last groups according by the sensitivity to antropogenic impacts of three (relict undetected). There were 51 eurytop species (E) and 19 adaptable species (R2). Counted index of antropogenic influence on communities of epigeic beetles proceeds in low values (communities are relatively strongly influenced by human). Forest habitat was affected least and corn field habitat was affected most. Groves are very strongly influenced by human too, but its values are better than values on field. Groves thus have a positive impact on communities of epigeic beetles and it can be compared with the edge of forest.
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