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The development of fertility in the context of populationpolicies in the Netherlands during the period from 1963 to 2006
Kratochvíl, Martin ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of fertility in the Netherlands during the last half-century and look at it in the context of Dutch population policies in that period. Fertility is represented by the period total fertility rate and some other selected indicators relate to population policies. The second demographic transition theory provides this work with a theoretical basis. The core of the work consists of statistical data analysis, which purpose is to discover and statistically confirm the relationship between the period total fertility rate and population policy mesures implemented by the Dutch governments. Methods used are time series analysis, factor analysis and elements of regression analysis. It was concluded that the influence of most variables on the period total fertility rate cannot be statistically proven. The only indicator that is at least partly related to the period total fertility rate is ratio of female to male hourly wages. The results of this thesis show that the changes in gender equality presumably influence fertility the most.
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Economic consequences of China's One-child policy
Letko, Roman ; Bartůsková, Lucia (advisor) ; Pavlíček, Tomáš (referee)
The objective of this diploma thesis is to describe and to complexly evaluate Chinas one child policy from its introduction in 1979 till its abandonment in 2015. Theoretical part of thesis offers a detailed description of the policy, its application in real life, circumstances and aims that led to the implementation of the policy. Applied part of thesis analyses its effect on the fertility rate, population growth and economic growth. According to the results of this analysis one child policy helped to decline Chinas fertility rate and population growth, however its impact is just partial. The decline of Chinese population growth then contributed to the economic growth; my estimate is that it composed 40 % of average annual growth of real GDP per capita. One child policy is also responsible for raising sex ratio and ageing of population in China. These demographic problems let to its replacement by two child policy that probably wont solve these problems.
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Similarities and differences of family behavior in international comparison
Lončíková, Kateřina ; Nývlt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (referee)
The thesis deals with development and changes in family behavior in the Czech Republic and selected European countries. First, the thesis explains the concepts of population and family policy. There are big differences how the definitions are viewed in case of these concepts and the relationship of population policy and family policy. Some authors consider population and family policy as identical, other authors strictly separate those two. Another part describes the changes in family behavior in the Czech Republic after 1989. The key part of this thesis is contained in the third chapter. It deals with development and description of the first selected demographic indicators characterizing the family behavior, then the indicators describing the family behavior based on LFS and SILC data. All indicators are monitored in 21 European countries including the Czech Republic. Based on the data received I created cluster analysis for each group of indicators(i.e. for Demographic indicators describing the family behavior and for indicators describing the family behavior based on LFS and SILC data).
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The Implications of Family Planning Policies on the Growth of Chinese Economy
Skořepová, Kateřina ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hnát, Pavel (referee)
Apart from rapid economic growth, China has also experienced significant demographic changes over the past few decades. The People's Republic of China's family planning policies led to a sharp drop in the fertility rate. This MS Thesis aims to assess the possible consequences of the family planning policies on future growth of Chinese economy. The theoretical part defines population policy, assess the connections between population growth and economic growth and deals with the development of population theory over the years. The analytical part describes the family planning policy in China, its principles and instruments. Next it identifies the possible consequences of the demographic changes caused by the drop in fertility rate. The last part of the thesis focuses on two economically most severe consequences - population ageing and shrinking working age population - and evaluates its implications on future growth of Chinese economy.
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The impacts of China's population policy
Vargovčíková, Lucie ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; De Castro, Tereza (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the impacts of China's population policy. Thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first one discusses the characteristics of population policy in general, mainly the concept and definition of population policy's types and instruments and also the current practices in the world. The second chapter deals with the characteristics of population policy in China from the historical point of view. There is also a description of the registration system "hukou" and exemptions from the population policy. The second chapter also describes the impacts of China's population policy. The last chapter is devoted to the population aging with an explanation of aging in China and comparison of aging in China with aging in Japan.
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Natality and fertility in European countries
Bydžovská, Tereza ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Šimková, Martina (referee)
The ageing process of population which is getting more and more important in most of the European countries is closely connected with the decrease of total fertility rate below the level of simple reproduction rate. The aim of this thesis is to compare the development of natality and fertility in selected European countries during the last twenty years focusing on a comparison of similarities and differences in the developments with the development in the Czech Republic. The data used for graphs and calculations are from the Eurostat webpages. For the purpose of the analysis, Europe is divided into the northern, western, southern and eastern areas based on the World Population Data Sheet 2011 publication. The thesis also analyses the rate of abortion which influences the rate of natality, and touches marginally the infant and neonatal mortality which is related to the quality of healthcare. The last chapter deals with a description of the population policy which can influence the fertility. The Countries with a low total fertility rate should focus on this policy. Then a future development of the fertility in the Czech Republic is outlined based on the predictions made by the Czech statistical office and made for Ministry of labour and social affairs.
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Analysis of Fertility and Natality During and After Second World War
Saifrtová, Barbora ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
This thesis aims to analyse fertility and natality in Czech countries during and after the Second world war. It introduces historical background, overview of natality policies and analysis of basic demographic indicators (fertility, natality, mortality, life expectancy, marriage rate and average age of mother at birth) in the period of 1930 - 1955. The analysis shows that Czech population did not behave standardly during the war. Since Czech men did not participate in the war and young people often married to avoid working in Germany, increasing natality during the occupation is typical for Czech countries. The consequence of high marriage rate was high fertility, which has a year delay to marriage rate. The part of this thesis compares teritories of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (only Czech population) and Sudetenland (occupied frontier regions, mainly German population). Marriage rate, natality and rate of nature increase were higher in Sudetenland only till 1941. Since that, natality was higher in the protectorate. High decrease of natality in Sudetenland was caused by German men leaving to war.
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Comparative analysis of the Czech and French policies in favour of natality
TICHÁNKOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to present The Policy of natality, The Family Policy in Czech Republic and in France with a view to the social measures used to help the sustenance of natality and the families with their children like social benefits, the modification in labour law. My thesis is divided in five chapters. The first one describes briefly the history of natural population increase and migration in Czech Republic during 20th century. The second one is about history of natural population increase and migration in France during 20th century. The two following chapters describe the history about The policy of natality in France and Czech Republic during 20th century and the actual social measures used to help the families with their children. Finally chapter presents the analyse comparative of The Policy of natality, of The Family Policy and the analyse comparative of social measures in these countries.
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Ifluencing the Demographic Behavior of Chosen Inhabitant Groups by Social Benefits
Vlček, Petr ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Sunega, Petr (referee)
This paper aimes to provide a multidimensional view on the topic of the sustainability of the social system in the long run. Psychology together with sociology indicate that the impact of genetic factors on the forming of an individual into a well-ordered member of society with a normal values is much smaller than the impact of the family and its social capital. Social system aspirates to motivate the needed ones to become financially independent again, but this simply does not work. On the other hand in the attempt to increase the household income especially the socially excluded households chose to change their characteristics in order to get the social benefits rather than to enter labour market. One of the most important and relatively easily changable characteristics in this context is the number of unprovided children in the family. Therefore to get a bigger amount of social benefits they have children. To proove the rationality of such behaviour the concept of the consumption unit is used. This concept quantifies the economies of scale in the common household. The result is that while in the typical family the income per consumption unit steadily decreases with the increasing number of children, in the family without any earnings this income approximatly doubles. The financial situation of the poor family improves with the number of children. This has an adverse effect on the society structure in the long run, because it encourages higher birth rate of the groups that do not contribute to the system. It is possible to lower the birth rate in the unfavourable families and increase it in the typical families by changing the rules of computing the benefits. It is necessary to keep the income per consumption unit independent from the number of children. This can be achieved for example by a tax abatement. It is also advisable to connect the social and retirement system in the manner that the amount of the retirement pension would be affected by the amount of money contributed to the system by the children of the retiree.
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The state support for families at the beginning of the third millennium
Vestfálová, Jana ; Antoš, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kučerová, Jaroslava (referee)
The essay undertakes matters in subsidizing families in Czech Republic. After introduction consisted of cardinal issues are provide definitions of general terms. Changes in family structure and family functions depending on demographic transitions are widely characterized in third part. Particular description of subsidies provide in Czech Republic since 2008 is followed by analysis of these particular subsidies with emphasis on negative effects. In the last part of the work are made short comparisons with Great Britain, Sweden and Germany. The result evaluates Czech family policy as effective in the view of specified political aims.
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