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Homegrown Terrorism in the European Union: Political Discourses of France, the United Kingdom and Slovakia
Hruboňová, Anna ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the topic of homegrown Islamist terrorism in the European Union. The target of this research is to provide an interpretation of the homegrown terrorism in the political discourse of the EU as an entity and selected member states - France, the United Kingdom and Slovakia. Building on assumptions of social constructivism and securitisation theory, the thesis explores the patterns in the discourses during the years 2015 - 2018 and seeks to identify potential similarities and differences in the political discourses of respective countries. While studying the changes in the discourse, the thesis analyses how the issue of homegrown terrorism has been securitised, thus how the narratives of political authorities shape perception of the homegrown terrorism as a major threat for Europe. In order to organise the arguments in a more objective manner, the research uses a qualitative method of thematic analysis. Our findings suggest that themes which are of general concern in all the discourses are, among others, prevention of terrorism and radicalisation, the significant role of the internet in spreading Islamist propaganda and the problem of returning foreign fighters However, some themes were identified as state-specific, such as highlighting the homegrown nature of current terrorism...
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Holocaust in Political Discourse of Post-Communist Countries: Speeches of the Presidents of the Czech Republic and Poland
Ďurková, Michaela ; Emler, David (advisor) ; Chrobaczyński, Jacek (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of memory and remembering in the post-communist area. In particular, it examines the form, extent and success of the Holocaust reflection and coping with the past on the example of the speeches of Czech and Polish presidents from 1993 (Václav Havel), or 1995 (Aleksander Kwaśniewski) until the access to the European Union in 2004. Author of the thesis assumes that the fall of Communism and the restoration of the democratic establishment represented a significant impetus for the countries in question to deal with their past. At the same time, they try to prove that the Holocaust memory politics of key political representatives of the Czech Republic and Poland has been one of the important factors in the creation of their post-communist democratic identity - and not only with respect to an unofficial demand of the unifying Europe to cope with the heritage of the past. Through the analysis of selected presidential speeches, the thesis identifies and evaluates the image of Holocaust created by the Czech and Polish presidents on the one hand and the weaknesses in the Holocaust memory politics of both actors on the other. After theoretical and conceptual introduction (chapter one), the experience with the Holocaust in Poland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and...
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Laïcité in the French Political Discours in Moment of Redaction of the Law on the Separation of the Churches and the State and during the Presidential Elections 2017
Vu, Dominik ; Bauer, Paul (advisor) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
Laïcité is a very strict form of religious neutrality in France created in 1905 by the law separating the church and state. It was nevertheless one of the hot topics of the French presidential elections in 2017. Nowadays France is acountry with the biggest Jewish and Muslim populations in Europe. With a demography so different from the one in 1905 France is today having a debate over the relevance of the definition of laïcité by the more than 100 years law. In this paper, the author studies whether the notion and interpretation laïcité has changed. By comparing political discourse in both 1905 and 2017, author aims to find out which presidential candidates in the 2017 election define laïcité in accordance with the its creators and with the law itself, what happened with the minority opinions that were not implemented in the law and whether they are still present in the debate and what knew opinions and interpretations exist today but not during the legislative process in 1905.
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Border securitisation and surveillance legitimacy
Hurtík, Ondřej ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to explore the impact of securitization and securitization discourse on the process of transformation of the approach towards the borders, their function and towards their importance. Terrorist attacks from September 11. dramatically changed the US-Canada border as well as the whole cross-border dynamics between both states. From undefended border the Canada-Unites States border became heavily fortified and it underwent an increase of border patrols, surveillance techniques and various security measures. This change was possible because of the creation of securitization discourse and the purpose of this thesis is the analyse its creation and development and to examine the progress of the securitization itself. The thesis is based on the theory of securitization which was created by the authors of Copenhagen School, but because of the fact that the original securitization theory became the subject to criticism, the theoretical framework of the thesis is provided by Thierry Balzacq, who put an emphasis on the context and on the complexity of the analysis. Discursive analysis takes place between the September 11. attacks and the end of the year 2005 and is focused on policy statements, political decisions and relevant speech acts. Second part of the thesis addresses...
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Securitisation of Organised Violence Phenomena in Europe: The Cases of Great Britain and Italy
Mrázková, Tina ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee)
The diploma thesis titled Securitisation of Organized Violence in Europe: The Case of Great Britain and Italy deals with the analysis of security discourses in the United Kingdom during the conflict in Northern Ireland and Italy during the war with the Sicilian Mafia according to the securitization theory of the so-called Copenhagen School and their subsequent comparison. The main aim of this thesis is to capture the form of securitization processes in Italy in connection with the local organized crime. To reach this objective the situation in Italy is confronted with securitization processes in Northern Ireland whose conflict is a frequent subject of international relations and security studies. The theory of securitization as a research tool is presented in its original form formulated by the Copenhagen School and is supplemented by numerous criticisms by later securitization theorists. A significant part of the thesis is focused on a thorough analysis of historical and social context of the investigated phenomenon and on capturing of many securitization statements of political actors to which this work is primarily oriented. The discourse analysis is structured into five stages that reflect the most dramatic periods in development of the presented issue. These periods are characterized by the...
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A comparison of political hedging in British and Australian political discourse
Nevrkla, Lukáš ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The thesis analyses the pragmatic aspects of the language of political discourse in the particular context of the institute of parliamentary question time. The thesis examines and compares the use of hedging in the context of other communication management strategies (e.g., evasion, reformulation, dodging a footing shift) in the British House of Commons and in the Australian House of Representatives. In addition, the thesis seeks to test the methodological approaches and verify the conclusions reached in previous research, especially by Alan Partington (2003) and Bruce Fraser (2010). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Reflection of the Exclusion Crisis (1678-1683) in Contemporary Literature
Hoblová, Kristýna ; Nováková, Soňa (advisor) ; Kolinská, Klára (referee)
The Reflection of the Exclusion Crisis (1678-1683) in Contemporary Literature Kristýna Hoblová abstract This work of literary history analyses the reflection of the Exclusion Crisis (1678-1683) in contemporary literature across genres. It is based on the theory of the rise of the public sphere by Jürgen Habermas and on the theory of Michael McKeon, understanding the ideology of the late Stuarts as a last remnant of aristocratic ideology. The Exclusion Crisis is presented here as a period of unsettling negotiations between the declining Stuart ethos and the Whig ideology of the rising mercantile classes. The interpretation of chosen texts serves to discover creative transformations of the political discourse of the newly emerging political parties of Whigs and Tories, stressing the negotiations between genres, individual authors and political ideologies. The first chapter offers a brief overview of the socio-historical context, Habermas's theory of the rise of the public sphere and Michael McKeon's conception of aristocratic ideology. It also introduces the Tory political theory defending the Stuart divine right of kings on the basis of Robert Filmer's patriarchal household-state analogy and the Whig defence against absolutist tendencies of the Stuarts through asserting the priority of Law over the Royal...
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Linguistic Elements of Expressivity in French to Czech Simultaneous
Herák, Jakub ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
The central focus of this Master's thesis is to describe the ways the elements of linguistic expressivity used in political speeches are transformed in French-to-Czech simultaneous interpreting. In the introductory part of the present thesis, we provide a summary of previous research on the means of expressivity in political speeches, which is completed by a description of the process of simultaneous interpreting. In this way, we intend to define possibilities of transfer of expressive elements in the French-to-Czech language combination. The second part consists of an in-depth contrastive analysis of original French and Czech political speeches followed by a comparison of the former with their interpreted versions. In the third step, we compared the original Czech speeches with interpretations. Using our own methodology, we assessed collected data and came to the conclusion that in French-to- Czech simultaneous interpreting, expressivity rate decreases. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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