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New Technologies in Transportation
Šimon, Daniel ; Rujbrová, Šárka (referee) ; Smutný, Milan (advisor)
Elektrické vozidlo je lepší náhradou vozidla s vnitřním spalováním, zachovávaje si svůj účel. Elektrické vozidlo nabízí vylepšení výkonu, může vyprodukovat maximální výkon během sekund, bez potřeby převodovky, čímž minimalizuje ztráty na výkonu. Jednoduchý dizajn motoru s jedinou pohybující se částí snižuje náklady na údržbu a celkové opotřebení. Tepelní účinnost vozidla s vnitřním spalováním činí 38 %, v porovnání s 90 % efektivitou proměny elektrické energie na výkon, ukazuje to dominanci elektrického vozidla, v případě že se jedná o výkon a možnosti motoru. Je známo, že vozidla s vnitřním spalováním znečisťují životní prostředí svým procesem spalování, produkcí 67 tun oxidu uhličitého za celý svůj životní cyklus, v porovnání s elektrickým vozidlem, které přímo svým chodem neprodukuje žádné emise, jehož výrobní emise a emise z elektrické výroby, jsou nižší o 50 %. Spolehneme-li na čistší zdroje energie, emise na životní cyklus vozidla mohou být sníženy až o 300 %, nahrazováním znečisťujících tepelných elektráren, čistšími zdroji elektrické energie. Z hlediska bezpečnosti v dopravě, od roku 2001 zaznamenala Evropská unie více než 50% snížení úmrtnosti na cestách s prosazováním pokročilých asistenčních systémů pro řidiče. Má v zájmu tuto úmrtnost dále snižovat testováním a zaváděním nových systémů (eCall, systémy pro předcházení kolizím, …). S pokročilými asistenčními systémy pro řidiče je veřejnost jen pár let od prvních autonomních vozidel, která mohou zlepšit způsob cestování, jak ho nyní známe. Jsou limitovány pouze jejich bezpečností, technologickými chybami a zákonnou odpovědností.
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The impact of electric vehicles on the automobile industry
Pavelková, Adéla ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Žigraiová, Diana (referee)
The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to identify the current and future importance of the electric vehicles. Apart from global situation, it also investigates the development in China, Europe, Norway and the U.S. To see the future position of electric vehicles on the automotive market, trend analysis and Bass Diffusion Model were used. The results showed that in the year 2035, the share of sales of electric vehicles will slowly approach a threshold of 50% in all analysed regions. The exception is Norway where the market of electric vehicles is already developed. Next, the correlation analysis was applied to measure the relationship between the sales of electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. It was shown that the correlation is relatively strong with the same direction. The sales are influenced by similar factors. Furthermore, the correlation analysis was used to detect the relationship between the sales of electric vehicles and price of gasoline. The coefficient was positive. At the end, the regression analysis was applied to measure the cross elasticity of demand between electric and internal combustion engine vehicles. It was proved that these vehicles are substitutes. That means that the price of internal combustion engine vehicle can affect the sales of electric vehicles.
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Agent-Based Analysis of Market Potential for Electric Vehicles in the Czech Republic
Wojnarová, Renáta ; Kukačka, Jiří (advisor) ; Chorna, Olena (referee)
This study explores the economical, ecological, and social impact of poten- tial rise of the number of electric vehicles in the Czech Republic. For this purpose, the methodology of agent-based modelling and cost-benefit analysis is used. Particularly, a simple agent-based model in the NetLogo software is created and calibrated to the Czech environment. It enables us to examine the impact of possible policies aimed at increasing electric vehicles' market potential. Results of the cost-benefit analysis suggest that under the current Czech conditions, over their whole life cycle, electric vehicles produce less CO2 emissions in comparison to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and thus, are more ecological. With the actual policy without any financial incentives, however, electric vehicles' total costs connected to their purchase, usage and maintenance for an average Czech consumer are still higher com- pared to conventional vehicles. If the government would intend to signific- antly increase electric vehicles' market share, both financial incentives and policies making their everyday usage easier are suggested to be implemented. Purchase discounts together with accessibility advantages are, according to this analysis, the most effective ways. Charging infrastructure development and electricity...
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Application of Sustainable Development Concept as a Factor of International Competitiveness
Kolmosová, Lucia ; Kojdová, Zuzana (referee) ; Zich, Robert (advisor)
Tato diplomová práce se zaměřuje na aplikaci koncepce udržitelného rozvoje ve firmě Volkswagen Slovakia na posílení její konkurenceschopnosti. Automobilová společnost je analyzována jako hráč v odvětví udržitelné mobility a její současná strategie je zhodnocena v zmyslu udržitelnosti. Na základě nejrelevantnějších aspektů analytické části je navržena řada doporučení, které by měli podpořit působení firmy v oblasti výroby elektrických vozidel a poskytování transportních služeb a které by měli přispět k dosažení eko-konkurenční výhody v daném odvětví.
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Technologies for storing electrical energy in electric vehicles
Zdražil, Marek ; Walek, Agata (referee) ; Langerová, Petra (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na technologie pro ukládání elektrické energie, s důrazem na jejich použití v elektrických vozidlech. První kapitola se zabývá historickým vývojem technologií pro ukládání elektrické energie a jejich použitím v prvních elektrických vozidlech. Dále popisuje elektrická vozidla, která byla sporadicky vyráběna v průběhu dvacátého století, až po devadesátá léta, kdy tato technologie opět nabyla na atraktivitě. V další části nalezneme rozdělení současných elektromobilů a zástupce těchto kategorií mezi automobily vyráběnými v současnosti. Třetí část se věnuje technologiím používaným v současnosti, či nedávné minulosti. Následně je uveden přehled technologií, které by mohly do budoucna nahradit současné systémy, nebo dokonce konvenční spalovací motory.
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Application of Ultracapacitors in Traffic Systems
Kalina, Emil ; Vorel, Pavel (advisor)
The work deals with relatively new components allowing electric energy accumulation – ultracapacitors. It focuses on their application in traffic systems – in independent electric vehicles. Design and verification of a system with ultracapacitor and DC/DC adaptive converter was done. Control of the adaptive converter modifies very positively the time wafeform of the traction accumulator current during the drive cycle. The designed connection of ultracapacitor and DC/DC converter implemented in the drive structure of experimental electric vehicle with induction machine contributes to increment the action radius of the vehicle by 16% (determined by experimental verification). This result was achived particularly by limitation of traction accumulator current peaks, And by more effective storage of energy gained by recuperative braking of the vehicle as well. The core of the system is a control of the adaptive converter in order to provide an active filtration of the accumulator’s current to its long-period mean value, i.e. elimination of current (power) peaks. These are caused by acceleration from non-zero initial vehicle speed or by recuperative braking. This is done by a subsidiary current loop. The converter has a superior voltage regulation loop, which sets in long-time period the voltage of ultracapacitors to the proper value – indirectly dependent on the speed of the vehicle. This ensures the appropriate energy management of the ultracapacitor. In the following, properties of test set of ultracapacitors were verified. Finally, methods of suppression of capacity variability influence in series connection of these components were compiled and critically reviewed.
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Electric vehicles as energy storage element for electrical grid
Novák, Martin ; Minařík,, Daniel (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
This master´s thesis deals with possibilities of accumulation electric energy with the electric vehicles and their use for electric grid regulation services. In the introduction of this thesis is characterized the current world-wide state of electromobility, including the Czech Republic. Furthermore are summarized main advantages and disadvantages of the expanded involvement of the electric vehicles in the traffic. In the second part if this Master´s thesis the vehicles are divided into three main groups. The third part of the thesis describes the energy storage and generation units used in vehicles. In this part of the script are each of the energy storage parameters compared. The other chapter includes the list of current battery electric vehicles with all their important technical parameters. The fifth chapter summarizes the possibilities of the use of electric vehicles in the Vehicle-to-grid system. This chapter also discusses in detail the ancillary services of the electric grid in the Czech Republic. In the last part of this Master´s thesis there is calculated an economical potential of electric vehicles providing the primary and secondary regulation.
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Optimal Route Planning for Electric Vehicles
Juřík, Tomáš ; Franek, Lešek (referee) ; Fiedler, Petr (advisor)
In this work we present algorithms that are capable of calculating paths to destination for electric vehicles. These paths can be based on the simple metrics such as the distance, time or the paths can be based on more advanced metric such as the minimum energy demanding metric. This metric is parameterizable by the physical construction of the electrical vehicle. We also propose a new algorithm that computes energy optimal paths that are more acceptable by the driver, because it also takes into consideration the time metric while computing the path.
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Zelený Marketing: Elektrické Automobily
Humbatova, Maya ; Cook, Gina (advisor) ; Lisa, Aleš (referee)
Afterwards the last 'Great Depression' of the years 2008-2009, and the deepening of the Euro-zone crisis more and more ideas evolve around the limited capacities of our development. Sustainable development as an approach to social, economic, and institutional realities is flourishing amongst the scholars. The master thesis investigates the paradigm called Green Marketing with its possibilities as well as the criticism, green consumer market, green segmentation, and green marketing strategies. In order to further elaborate on the application of Green Marketing theories, this research paper will focus on the automotive industry. Mobility as it is nowadays, presents an objective to reduce the CO2 emissions, and is already regulated by policies in tact. Electric vehicle as a green product of a very advanced technology needs a creative approach to marketing. The subsequent part of this paper will introduce the specificity of the Tesla Motors electric vehicle and how it influences consumer needs, wants, and perceptions by citing exciting findings within this field. It investigates how can electric vehicle compete with conventional mobility culture to successfully enter new markets.
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