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Results of Combination Treatment in Patiens with Rectal Cancer
Kořínek, Petr ; Kubecová, Martina (advisor)
Colorectal cancer is a problem of all civilized countries. Czech Unfortunately, Africa is in the incidence of these tumors for morethan ten years on the first areas of statistics, of all oncological diseases in our country is 13 to 14%. (1) Every year there are more than 7000 new cases andmore than 6000 patients in the tumor dies. It is the most common malignanttumor gastrointestinal tract. It is the second most common cancer in mennow after prostate cancer and in women after breast cancer. (2)Mortality from colorectal cancer growing slower than its incidence. This positive trend is likely caused by the start of screening programs. Internationalclassification divides these according to anatomical localization of tumors in colon carcinoma(C18), together they states tumors rektosigmoideálního connection (C19) and its ownseparate tumors rectum (C20).
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The Role of WT1 gene in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis
Kramarzová, Karolina ; Trka, Jan (advisor) ; Zadražil, Stanislav (referee)
6 Abstract The Wilms' tumor gene is highly expressed in a large proportion of human acute leukemias and other hematological malignancies. It is thought to play an important role in human hematpoiesis and leukemogenesis. Despite the large number of studies, WT1 expression patterns and its clinical significance in acute myeloid leukemia remain still controversial. To investigate the prognostic relevance of initial WT1 expression and its usefulness as a marker for minimal residual disease, we have analysed 66 bone marrow samples from newly diagnosed AML patients. RQ-RT-PCR for absolute quantification of total WT1 was designed according to Europe Against Cancer Program. In 82 % of samples we detected a higher expression of WT1 compared to normal healthy donors or patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (p<0.0001). We did not find any correlation between initial WT1 expression level and age or sex. Patients with FAB M3 subtype showed significantly higher WT1 levels than other subtypes, especially M5 (p<0.001). We found a strikingly high WT1 expression in standard risk group patients compared to high risk group (p<0.0007). Children with FAB/cytogenetical favorable prognostic factors have high WT1 expression, while there was no relation between WT1 levels at diagnosis and day 15 BM response. We did not find any...
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Focal infections and X-rays
Gojiš, Ondřej ; Hájek, Pavel (advisor)
Focal infection is much debated and denounced topic. Currently, during development diagnostic and therapeutic methods are again coming to the fore. Effect of remote tissues and organs infectious inflammation can occur in three ways, and metastatic infections metastatic inflammation, and metastatic hepatic. The most common diseases of the tissues of the oral cavity the consequences of long-term persistence of bacteria / carious destruction of teeth, chronic periodontitis and chronic inflammation of the periodontal /.
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Tamoxifen, present and future
Vrba, Jiří ; Bendová, Marie (advisor)
Objective of the study This study deals with contemporary (year 2005) role of tamoxifen in the breast cancer hormonal therapy, in the medical environment of Czech Republic. The aim of this study is to evaluate, whether the tamoxifen treatment is sufficient, in case we have opportunity to use more convenient drugs (aromatase inhibitors and pure anti-estrogens). Project I have analysed the tamoxifen treatment of patients, suffering from breast cancer (with diagnosis C50), registered in FNKV oncology clinic registry (Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady) in the year 1998, 1999 and 2000. Patients I observed 736 patients with diagnosis C50. Out of these patients, I finally selected and further analysed group of 243 patients that corresponded with the given conditions of this study. Most important observed parameters and results One of the main goals was to determine the share of patients, which were being treated with tamoxifen for the whole period of 5 years without any serious complications. This share was 45,7% of 243 patients. Further I observed the patients, whose tamoxifen based therapy was further replaced by, so called, modern drugs treatment; like inhibitors of aromatase and pure anti-estrogens. The reasons for this change were serious side effects of tamoxifen or the progression of the disease. These...
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The relationship between metabolism of homocysteine and Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Soták, Michal ; Palyzová, Daniela (advisor)
In the past decades has been revealed many risk factors for atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations of the head with ischemic heart disease. At present there are are more than 350 - permanently remain in the forefront of dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes. The five most important ranks also increased plasma concentrations of sulfur the amino acid homocysteine (Hcy) - hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Hyperhomocysteinemia is considered a well-documented risk factor early onset of atherosclerosis and central and peripheral vasculopathy in adult patients tendency to thrombophilia, repeat abortions and births of fetuses with low birth weight (12). Hypothetically, it can be considered as a risk Hcy placental vasculopathy, which the result is the development of placental infarcts and finally nutritional deficiency and fetal IUGR.
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Options computed tomography with high resolution in the diagnosis pulmonary complications in haematological malignancies
Mírka, Hynek ; Kreuzberg, Boris (advisor) ; Neuwirth, Jiří (referee) ; Heřman, Miroslav (referee)
Value of HRCT in the diagnostics of pulmonary complications of malignant haematologic diseases. Early diagnosis is one of the essential conditions for successful therapy of heamatologic malignancies and their complications. Imaging methods play an important role in their detection and patient's management. HRCT is the most contributing method in the diagnostics of pulmonary involvement, which is very common in this group of patients. The aim of this thesis was to find out the potential of this method in the diagnostics of pulmonary complications in patients with haematologic malignancy. For this purpose were assessed 4 objectives: 1) comparison between HRCT and chest X-ray; 2) determination of capability of HRCT to make a specific diagnose; 3) definition of indication criteria for HRCT and 4) assignment of the suitable examination technique. In the time period from January 2000 until December 2005 were performed 214 HRCT examinations of the lungs in the group of 162 patients with haematological malignancy and pulmonary symptomatology. 176 examinations were compared with chest X-ray, which was performed 48 hours or less before HRCT. Pulmonary lesion was discovered in 180 cases (84,1%). 123 findings were confirmed by another method (response to a specific therapy, cultivation, serology, BAL or...
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Sites and Consequences of Mitochondreal ROS Production
Mráček, Tomáš ; Houštěk, Josef (advisor) ; Pelouch, Václav (referee) ; Kolarov, Jordan (referee)
The thesis consists of 8 articles (6 published and 2 submitted), which may be divided into two major lines. The first (articles 1-4) deals with mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. We have shown that this enzyme is capable of massive ROS production and in the presented works we studied in more detail this ROS production as well as some aspects of enzyme biogenesis, so as to better understand its physiological significance. The second line (articles 5-8) represents our studies on the potential involvement of ROS in pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases. 1. Glycerophosphate-dependent hydrogen peroxide production by brown adipose tissue mitochondria and its activation by ferricyanide; Drahota Z., Chowdhury SKR., Floryk D., Mráček T., Wilhelm J., Rauchová H., Lenaz G., Houštěk J.; J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2002; 34(2):105-13. Indeed, this was first article to demonstrate ROS production by mammalian mGPDH. We studied oxidation of glycerophosphate by brown adipose tissue mitochondria, which are known to contain high amounts of mGPDH. We found significant GP-dependent AA- stimulated production of H2O2. To further verify our findings, we used three independent methods for H2O2 measurement - fluorescence detection with p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, antimycine A - insensitive oxygen consumption, and luminometric...
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The male equivalent of polycystic ovary syndrome
Dušková, Michaela ; Stárka, Luboslav (advisor) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee)
Polycystic ovary syndrome, the most common endocrinopathy in women (with a prevalence of 5-10 %), is characterized by hormonal and metabolic imbalance. Complexity of symptoms of close relatives of women with PCOS as a mendelian trait raised a hypothesis about the existence of a male equivalent of PCOS. Premature alopecia was suggested as one of the signs of a male phenotype of this syndrome. Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of balding in men. AGA is the risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, glucose metabolism disorders and also benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate carcinoma. Polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome are the risk factors of obesity and diabetes mellitus. The existence of mendelian form of PCOS initiated a hypothesis about the existence of a male equivalent of PCOS. Premature alopecia was suggested as one of the signs of a male phenotype of this syndrome. However, it can be the sign of metabolic syndrome as well. PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenaemia while metabolic syndrome is characterized by low androgens.
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Screening analysis of patients at risk for arterial hypertension in a pharmacy I.
Filipová, Zuzana ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Maříková, Martina (referee)
Screening Analysis of the Patients at Risk for Arterial Hypertension in a pharmacy I. Author: Zuzana Filipová1 Supervisor of the thesis: Josef Malý1,2 Consultant: Stanislav Havlíček3 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové 2 Hospital Pharmacy Motol, Prague 3 Czech Chamber of Pharmacists, Prague Introduction: Blood pressure measurement in pharmacies is one of the options to find patients with previously untreated hypertension. A timely diagnosis of hypertension and a proper treatment may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the importance of blood pressure measurement in pharmacies as a means of detecting a previously unrecognized hypertension and as a part of the care which is provided to the patients with arterial hypertension. Methodology: The measurement of the blood pressure was carried out from April to June 2012 in a community pharmacy in Poděbrady. The pharmacist accomplished it by means of a validated and calibrated sphygmomanometer. Additional data were acquired on the basis of a controlled interview with the participants of the study. The outline of the dialogue was a questionnaire that had been created in advance. The data were evaluated in MS Excel and...
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