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Breast, cervical and testicular cancer - epidemiology, screening and prevention
Altová, Anna ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
The main concern of this thesis are breast, cervical and testicular cancer with focus on their epidemiology, screening and prevention. The epidemiological situation in Czechia and selected member states of EU is described by using indicators of incidence and mortality. The first main goal of this thesis is to analyze breast and cervical cancer screening coverage as well as the coverage by regular gynecologist check ups by using data from VZP health insurance company. It has been found that the breast cancer screening coverage rates are influenced by age structure. Cervical cancer screening coverage and gynecologist check-up coverage grow from 2009 to 2017. The other main task was to find out about knowledge of self-examination of Czech young people by using the data from questionnaires from educational programme "Healthy balls". Health knowledge among these students was low. There were found some differences in health behaviour and health literacy between gender and age groups.
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Opinions of the adult population about mandatory and optional vaccination in the Czech Republic
NEDBALOVÁ, Martina
For my bachelor thesis, I have chosen the topic of Adult Population Opinions on Mandatory and Optional Vaccination in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part I deal with the history of vaccination, basic concepts related to vaccination, composition of vaccines, and distribution of vaccines. A separate chapter is vaccination under the National Immunization Program, i.e. all mandatory, regular vaccinations. Out of the optional vaccinations we take a closer look at vaccination against flu and vaccination against cervical cancer, which are vaccinations around which there are many unanswered questions. The last chapters deals with the side effects of vaccination and negative attitudes of people towards vaccination, where I quote mainly the views of doctors who are against vaccination. The theoretical part is followed by the practical part for which I've set three goals. The primary objective is to find out what is the opinion on compulsory and optional vaccinations in the Czech Republic in the adult population. I also try to find out whether there are people in the population who do not agree with the vaccination. The final objective is to find out what are the vaccination rates for optional vaccines. Part of the thesis is quantitative research based on the questioning method. The questionnaire is based on research assumptions and has been published on the Internet. In one month, 366 respondents answered the questionnaire. The results are presented in form of graphs. My bachelor thesis can help you to better understand the issues concerning vaccination, to deepen the knowledge and, last but not least, to reflect on and build your own opinion on this controversial topic.
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Benefits of Preventive Programs of Malignant Cancer in the Czech Republic
Matějková, Karolína ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (referee)
Due to the constantly increasing epidemiological burden of our population on oncological diseases, nationwide preventive programs for selected types of malignant tumors have been introduced within the Czech health system. The aim of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate these screenings, such as mammographic screening, cervical screening and screening of the colon and rectum. The subject of the analysis is the mortality rates for breast cancer (C50), cervix (C53) and colon and rectum cancer (C18-21) between 1994 and 2015. The main focus is on question of whether the development of the mortality rate for selected neoplasms depends on the degree of coverage rate by a preventive program.
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Quality of life in patients with cervical cancer
Králová, Eva ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Daniel (referee)
My bachelor thesis deals with the quality of life in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. The aim of the thesis is to assess the quality of life of this group of patients in the period after the completion of treatment and the influencing factors, and to compare the differences in the assessment of the quality of life for various time intervals from the completion of treatment. The theoretical part of the thesis gives an overview of cervical cancer, including the epidemiology, risk factors, classification, diagnosis, therapy and its early and late side effects, and the prevention of the disease. Definition of the quality of life is given together with the significance of the assessment of the quality of life. The empirical part is aimed to find out the subjective assessment of the quality of life and the level of functional status of the patients. The aims of the thesis and working hypotheses are defined, methods of the survey are described and the group of patients surveyed is presented. Patients were surveyed with a non-standardized questionnaire and the questionnaires for the assessment of the quality of life EORTC QLQ C-30 and QLQ CX-24. The data are presented in the form of graphs and tables with comments. The results of the survey are given together with their comparison to other...
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Stratification risk of disease progression in patients with abnormal cervical cytologic finding by means of molecular genetic analysis of selected biological factors
Gomolčáková, Barbora ; Kašpírková, Jana (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to track the impact of selected herpesviruses, polyomaviruses, Chlamydia trachomatis and methylation of tumor supressor genes at the development and progression of high grade- lesion in HPV - positive patients by means of molecular-genetic techniques. Confirmation of these markers presence in women with severe lesions of cervix would help to raise necessary specificity of molecular genetics HPV testing and recommend it as a primary screening test for cervical carcinoma prevention. HPV testing could thus replace currently prevailing cytology which has relatively low sensitivity and therefore the number of false negative results. The analyzed samples consisted of cytological cervical smears of 51 HPV positive women, with histologically confirmed presence of severe lesions, collected in liquid medium. Samplings from 51 women without infection were used as a control. The possible effect on disease progress was confirmed only in the case of gene promoters' methylation whose presence was detected in up to 26 patients. It is, however, very unlikely that cancer would develop in all these women. This marker could thus help to stratify patients at risk but only to some extent. Although the individual effect of remaining markers has not been established in the carcinogenesis of cervical...
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The molecular causes of human diseases and teaching of this topic on high school
Jirkovská, Magdaléna ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is a literature research that deals with The molecular causes of human diseases and teaching of this topic on high schools. The first part is focused on an explanation of the molecular causes of selected human diseases mentioned in textbooks for high schools. It also touches another possibilities of teaching these topics at secondary schools. Human diseases mentioned in this part of the bachelor's thesis were chosen by researche of textbooks. The second part of the thesis deals with the evaluation of textbooks. Textbooks were evaluated only in terms of the content of information related to the topic of my thesis. The evaluation criteria were stated upfront and they were identical for all textbooks.
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Selected Bacterial and Viral Infections Transmitted through Sexual Contact
Tesařová, Kateřina ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Selected bacterial and viral infections transmitted through sexual contact The abstract This thesis deals with selected bacterial and viral venereal disease. It is an STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) transmitted mainly through sexual contact. The elaborated retrieval work deals with the occurrence of these selected infections - chlamydia, gonorrhea, chancroid, syphilis, hepatitis B, AIDS, genital herpes, genital warts and cervical cancer. Its task is a summary of the issue of sexually transmitted diseases, a detailed introduction to current information and results of scientific research. The attention is paid to the individual diseases, the general characteristics of viruses or bacteria, symptoms and mode of transmission. Further the study points to ways of diagnosis and treatment, epidemiological incidence of infection. Last but not least the emphasis is on prevention. Keywords: sexually transmitted disease, chlamydia, gonorrhea, chancroid, syphilis, hepatitis B, HIV / AIDS, genital herpes, genital wals, cervical cancer
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Sexuality of patients after simple and radical hysterectomy for bening or malignant gynaecologic disease
Vrzáčková, Petra ; Sláma, Jiří (advisor) ; Tošner, Jindřich (referee) ; Kubíček, Vladimír (referee)
Background: Cervical carcinoma is frequently diagnosis of young, sexually active women. Radical hysterectomy, as a basic therapeutic modality of early stages of cervical cancer, has very positive oncogynaecologic results. On the opposite site it has it's significant morbidity including bladder and rectal dysfunctions, lymphedemas, and deterioration in patient's sexual life. Methods: Data of forty one patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer were used for analysis, as well as data of forty nine patients undergoing simple hysterectomy for benign gynacologic disease and fifty three healthy controls Participants filled out sexual function and quality of life questionnaires before surgery and three and six months postoperatively. Results: The most important finding was statistically significant worsening in objective arousal in cervical cancer patients (p = 0,041). Also decrease in libido and higher frequency of dyspareunia was registered. Patients undergoing simple hysterectomy showed decreasing trend in sexual dysfunctions, mainly in severe dyspareunia. Conclusions: Radical hysterectomy for cervical carcinoma has a risk of arousal disorder, libido decrease and worsening of dyspareunia. Psychosexual counselling decreases frequency of early postoperative sexual dysfunctions.
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Evaluation of postoperative lymphoedema after differently radical surgery for vulvar and cervical carcinoma
Nováčková, Marta ; Halaška, Michael (advisor) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee) ; Mlynček, Miloš (referee) ; Kučera, Eduard (referee)
The aim of this study was a prospective detection of postoperative lymphedema of the lower limbs in patients after the surgery for cervical and vulvar cancer using different methods of examination and their comparison and monitoring of postoperative complications and quality of life. Totally 78 women were followed after the surgery for cervical cancer and 36 for carcinoma of the vulva. Due to the radicality of the surgery the patients were divided into the conservative and radical groups. Lower limbs lymphedema were evaluated preoperatively and 3, 6 and 12 months after the surgery by the measurement of the lower limbs circumference, multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) and subjective feeling. Quality of life using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaires was evaluated before and 6 and 12 month after the surgery. 12 months after the cervical cancer surgery 35.9 % of patients reported subjective lymphedema, 37.18 % lymphedema were objectively diagnosed by the measurement of lower limb circuits and in 52.56 % of cases the increase of amount of extracellular fluid was detected by the MFBIA Ri/R0 method. The prevalence of lymphedema after the surgery for vulvar cancer reached 19.44% by the subjective assessment, 38.89 % by the measurement of...
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