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The effect of the mast cell activation on the microtubule organisation
Hájková, Zuzana ; Dráber, Pavel (advisor) ; Binarová, Pavla (referee)
The activation of bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) induces a number of cell processes such as degranulation, proliferation and cytoskeleton rearrangements. Although microtubules are important in these processes, molecular mechanisms that control changes in microtubule organisation during cell activation are unknown. Activation of BMMCs can be achieved in several ways. Under physiological conditions, the aggregation of IgE receptors (FcRI) on the surface of BMMCs leads to the initiation of specific signaling pathways. Cells can be also activated nonspecifically by a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate, or by thapsigargin that inhibits Ca2+ ATPase pumps located on the endoplasmic reticulum. In this diploma thesis it was found out that rapid morphological changes can be monitored when BMMC are immobilised on the fibronectin before their activation. It was proved that specific and nonspecific activation events lead to microtubule reorganization, as well as to generation of a large number of microtubule-dependent protrusions. In the course of FcRI aggregation, generation of microtubule protrusions depends on the activity of Src family protein tyrosine kinases and on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. STIM1, an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor, which participates in the activation of...
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Influence of benzoxazinedione derivatives on selected mycobacterial enzymes
Švidrnochová, Michaela ; Novotná, Eva (advisor) ; Krátký, Martin (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Michaela Švidrnochová Supervisor: RNDr. Eva Novotná, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Influence of benzoxazinedione derivatives on selected mycobacterial enzymes Tuberculosis is an insidious infectious disease with more and more increasing incidence in certain regions. It is difficult to treat by the available means because of increasing cases of multidrug resistance, which is defined as a resistance of M. tuberculosis at least to two primary antituberculotic drugs - rifampicin and isoniazid. That's why is necessary to search for new substances which interfere with the metabolic pathways of Mycobakterium tuberculosis. Enzyme inhibitions in different levels of these pathways are considered to be a target of the new potencial antituberculotic drugs. In this work, influence of monosulphur and disulphur derivatives of 3-(4-alkylphenyl)-2H- 1,3-benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-dione on enoyl-ACP-reductase, dihydrofolate reductase, isocitrate lyase and FtsZ was tested by thermal shift assay, spectrofotometric method and light scattering. The results showed that the dihydrofolate reductase is not a drug target of selected inhibitors. Isocitrate lyase was the most inhibited by sulphur derivative 3-(4-terc-...
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International Trade in Endangered Wildlife (including derivatives)
Bartůňková, Lenka ; Kašpar, Václav (advisor) ; Vošta, Milan (referee)
In the course of the 20th century the un-sustainability of international wildlife trade became apparent. European countries play a major role in wildlife trade. One third of total wildlife imports is destined to the EU which makes EU responsible for the protection of world wildlife and should motivate the EU to be a model in biodiversity protection. Regulation of wildlife trade in the EU is discussed in chapter 1. Trade in wildlife and its derivatives is among the most profitable branches of the international trade. Animals are traded in different forms. Birds are usually traded live (for the pet trade), mammals are traded for their fur, butterflies for their bodies, reptiles for their skins, the highest value is attained by trade in fish. In some categories (live birds, caviar) EU imports more than the rest of the world combined. The EU plays a major role as an importer in other categories as well. The magnitude, value and trends of international wildlife trade are discussed in chapter 2. Profitability of the wildlife trade, strong demand for some products and imperfect implementation of CITES result in the development of illegal trade. Illegal wildlife trade is dominated by organized criminal groups that also deal in drugs and human trafficking. Illegal wildlife trade is linked to severe risks and dangers to both the source country and the recipient. More on illegal wildlife trade in chapter 3. EU imports one third of all legally exported wildlife products. It is also the importer of a majority of illegal wildlife products. Having one of the highest standards of living and seeing that the care of environment cannot be limited by political borders, the author of this thesis concludes that it is logical and imperative that the EU engages in improvement of wildlife protection in less developed countries of the world. The last chapter deals with conservation of Cameroonian Dja Biosphere Reserve and with the attempt of large EU's environmental programs to improve conservation in Cameroon.
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Signification of activatory and inhibitory ligands on leukemia cells to NK stimulations.
Imryšková, Zuzana ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Bezouška, Karel (referee)
In last decades, with expansion of immunological and biological methods are developed new diagnostical and treatment processes, which enable stratification of patients into sanative groups and trend to individual therapy. Absolutely transparent are effects relevant to leukemia. Present treatment procedures enable not only longer survivance of patients, but often their stable sanation. In present time is in progress intesive research imunotherapy NK cells, which could be able to finish minimal residual disease after chemotherapeutical treatment, which is evoke by persistant malignant cells. Next advantage of this treatment procedure is elimination of system disease in cosequence of exactly pointed cure. In this work he attended in vitro testing to possibility of utilization imunotherapeutic treatment by NK cells acute and chronic myeloid leukemia and chronic lymfoblastic leukemia. Using flow cytometry methods we detected activation and inhibitory ligands which are recognized by NK cells on the cell surface of leukemia blasts. These are members of MHC complex HLA-E, molecules derived from MHC class I (MICA, MICB), UL16-binding proteins (ULBP-1, ULBP -2, ULBP -3, ULBP -4) and also Hsp70 protein according to the newest observation. We also atended to detection of expression inducible heat shock...
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Study of interspecies differences in plasma protein binding of 18F-labeled radiopharmaceuticals
Pašková, Barbora ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Mgr. Barbora Pašková The study of antimycotic activity of newly synthetized substances Rigorous thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study program: Pharmacy Background: The aim of this rigorous thesis was to evaluace the antimycotic activity of 77 substances prepared at the Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové of Charles University in Prague. Method: The substances were tested by the microdilution broth method and all substances were tested at eight strains of yeasts and filamentous fungi. The tested substances were divided into five groups according to their chemical structure to salicylanilide carbamates, sulfoneamide ureas - derivates of sulphamethoxazole, sulphonamide imidazolidinetriones - derivates of sulphamethoxazole, derivates of isoniazide and substances with disunited structure. Results: The highest antimycotic activity was discovered in group of salicylanilide carbamates. There were tested 28 derivates of this group, from which 18 of them showed antimycotic activity. On the other hand, substances from group of derivates of isoniazide showed no antimycotic activity. The most susceptible strain was Trichophyton mentagrophytes and the most resistant was strain Aspergillus fumigatus. Conclusions: To...
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Synthesis of Zinc (II) Aryloxy Tetraquinoxalinoporphyrazines
Vůjtěch, Petr ; Zimčík, Petr (advisor) ; Kopecký, Kamil (referee)
A B S T R A C T Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Candidate: Mgr. Petr Vůjtěch Consultant: PharmDr. Petr Zimčík Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Synthesis of Zinc (II) Aryloxy Tetraquinoxalinoporphyrazines The aim of my master thesis was synthesis of tetra[6,7]quinoxalinoporhyrazine derivative (TQP). Advantage of TQP is bathochromic shift when compared to azaphthalocyanines (AzaPc), which is more appropriate for PDT. AzaPc and TQP derivatives are large planar and conjugated systems, which tend to form aggregates. The aggregation is unfavorable property of TQP derivatives that reduces the singlet oxygen quantum yield. The most effective strategy to increase the ratio monomer/aggregates involves the use of bulky substituents attached to the TQP periphery. That is the reason why I focused on synthesis of 2,3,11,12,20,21,29,30-octa(2,6-diisopropyphenoxy)-tetra [6,7]qinoxalinoporphyrazinato zinc(II). Alkoxides cannot be used for cycloteramerization of aryloxy derivatives due to the well-described transetherification problems. As was shown in my diploma thesis the best way to synthesis of aryloxy derivatives of AzaPc is reaction with Zn(quinoline)2Cl2 in a melt. That is why this method was applied also for TQP derivatives. Kinetic of...
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Electrophoresis in short capillaries
Podhorná, Petra ; Opekar, František (advisor) ; Samcová, Eva (referee)
The laboratory-made apparatus for electrophoretic separations in short capillaries has been tested. The basic functions of the apparatus (separation efficiency, resolution, migration time) have been tested using mixture of K+ and Na+ ions. The model mixture of basic amino-acids (arginine, lysine, histidine and its derivatives, 3-methylhistidine and 1-methylhistidine) has also been separated and detected using contactless conductometric detector. Histidine in real sample of urine has also been determined. Keywords: capillary electrophoresis, short capillary, alkaline aminoacids
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Financial derivatives
Keblúšek, Petr ; Mazurová, Lucie (referee) ; Hurt, Jan (advisor)
In the present thesis we study methods of nancial derivatives valuation. We use stochastic calculus theory to build up the pricing model and to proceed on sufficiently general level which enables us to apply the model to different types of derivatives. After deriving explicit formulae for European-style options and forwards we show how to deal with American-style options pricing as well as pricing of the most widely used exotic options. We also study the sensitivity of portfolio to change of di erent factors and introduce hedging methods using nancial derivatives. The theory is followed by an implementation of some assertions in computational algebra system and ilustrated by numerical examples.
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The financial impact of monetary factors in the selected company
Mravík, Pavel ; Kozáková, Petra (advisor) ; Žalio, Ladislav (referee)
This dissertation evaluates development of exchange rates and its specific effects on STAP company a.s. The aim of this paper is to present the events that have had influence on the development of the exchange rate between Euro and Czech Crown and precautionary measures taken by STAP a.s. to prevent related risks. The first part comprises a summary of events that had a significant impact on the exchange rate development; the risks created by these events and methods devised to prevent these risks. The second part evaluates the specific financial derivatives used by STAP a.s. and their impact. Finally the recommendation is made for the future more effective usage of the financial instruments.
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