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Benefit of counsel in Czech criminal process
Martinek, Lukáš ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
This work systematically identifies and evaluates the right to defense in the Czech criminal proceedings. The angles, which are mutually complementary. First, in constitutional terms and the Criminal Procedure Code. The concept reflects the requirement for due process and fair trial. First it defines a general plane of the right to defense. The basic features and concepts. Also, the attributes of the content of the defense. Self-defined material and institute a formal defense. Emphasis is placed on the role of evidence in defense. The right to defense and its content, motivating considerations de lege ferenda in relation to the current applicable legislation. This is all in relation to the relevant international treaties.
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Public opinion about foeticide and euthanasia
Škodová, Markéta
In May survey Public Opinion Research Center focused on public opinions of women´s right to decide herself to end her pregnancy. Within the survey people also have been expressing their sentiment about acceptability or unacceptability of euthanasia. As a part of this press information there were answers sorted according to socio-demographic indicators and table with data from previous surveys.
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Crime scene inspection
Vrátná, Zuzana ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Musil, Jan (referee)
Examination of s cene of crime When thinking about the topic of my diploma thesis I had quite clear idea that the topic should be from the area of crown-low or criminology, because both of them are my favourite. I have chosen the topic "Examination of scene of crime", because I think that examination of scene of crime is one of the most important processes within the criminal procedure and only with the correct and detailed examination the criminal can be convicted for perpetrated crime. The significance of examination the scene of crime I see in the fact, that it is the only way, how institutions operating in criminal procedures can get information about the relevant incident directly. The thesis is composed of five chapters, which enable us step by step understand and learn about the examination of scene of crime. The first chapter is an introduction and considers the examination as a criminalistic method. This chapter is divided into six parts. The first one explains the conception, principle and signification of examination. Second part is focused on the legal frame of examination. The third part describes types of examination. The fourth part mentions fundamentals of examination, the fifth shows the subjects of examination and the sixth part is dealing with the negative circumstances of examination....
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Administrative and economic tools of environmental protection
Staničová, Anna ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Damohorský, Milan (referee)
Resumé Legal and Economic Instruments of Environmental Protection The purpose of this thesis is to outline legal and economic instruments of environ- mental protection. They are considered to be the most important instruments that are applying within environmental policy. This thesis is conceptually divided into three linked parts, in each of them I am trying to approach both instruments and demonstrate their application in the sphere of air pollution. They are preceded by brief introduction where I explain the impor- tance of environmental protection and outline how to reach it by using different instruments. Part One deals with the description of legal instruments as the basic instruments of the environmental policy. Legal regulation is primarily based on general legal rules and system of consents and permits based on individual administrative acts, all bac- ked by administrative or criminal sanctions. The another important function of legal regulation is fixing the standards (especially emission and immission limits). The end of this part points out the advantages and disadvantages of legal instruments. Part Two analyses the second instrument of environmental regulation-economic instruments. There are mentioned different types of economic tools: taxes, charges, subsidies, loans, deposit-refund system,...
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Forensic ballistics
Hoznour, Ondřej ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Musil, Jan (referee)
Criminalistic ballistics The aim of my thesis is to analyse criminalistic ballistics, which is a technical criminalistic method enabling to convict many offenders. The thesis is composed of five parts, each of them dealing with several aspects of ballistics. The introductory part describes the history of criminalistic ballistics from the end of the eighteenth century to the present. This part deals with the development of criminalistic ballistics not only in the world, but also in the Czech Republic. Part Two explains the concept of criminalistic ballistics and deals with its dividing into four relatively independent areas. These four areas are internal, transient, external and terminal ballistics. The following part concentrates on objects that are explored by criminalistic balllistics. The most imported explored objects are guns, their segments and classification, next it is the ammunition, its segments and types of cartridges followed by subjects which are hit by bullets and last but not least are gunshot residues. Part Four focuses on the origin and occurrence of ballistic traces which are created by particular functional gun's segments during the process of gunshot. This part also deals with searching for carriers of ballistic traces, i.e. bullets, cartridge cases and subjects with traces of...
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International regulation of the ban on trafficking in women
Suská, Veronika ; Honusková, Věra (referee) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor)
Resumé The theme of my diploma thesis is The International Regulations of Trafficking in Women. Trafficking in people, especially with women is very old and unfortunately still actual phenomenon. Nowadays it is a fastest-growing form of criminal industry in the world. People are in the position of commodity that is trafficked. Universal human rights of victims and fundamental principles of democratic societies are breached, particularly the principle of protection of life, human integrity and dignity, personal freedom or the prohibition of slavery or forced labour. Trafficking in people is a complex process involving recruitment of victims, usually their transport (across the border or within the country) and finally exploitation (for the purpose of prostitution, forced labour, debt bondage, involuntary servitude, children adoption and so on). In the state of origin trafficking in people is caused by poverty, lack of political, social or economic stability, lack of reasonable prospects, situations of armed conflict, gender discrimination, lack of access to education and information, and in the state/region of destination it is caused by increasing demand for the cheap labourers or demand for sex workers. Traffickers focus on the most vulnerable group of people, that means in a most cases on women and...
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International aspects of sentencing war criminals after 1945
Eichler, Jan ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee) ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor)
74 Summary Legal Aspects of International Punishment for Committing War Crimes after 1945 The Second World War was a global military conflict which involved majority of the world's nations and which became with more than 60 million victims the largest, deadliest and most devastating conflict in human history. The causes of the war were constituted by the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles, which enhanced the feeling of humiliation in defeated countries, especially in Germany, and economic crisis in the late twenties and thirties, commonly known as the Great Depression, which fundamentally undermined a large number of countries, thereby allowing the rise of the Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, and other totalitarian regimes throughout Europe. The Second World War has been accompanied with unprecedented level of crimes against humanity, war crimes and inhumane treatment of prisoners of war. Unlike all previous conflicts the course of the fighting much more affected civilian population and led to huge rate of casualties. Victims among civilians account for two thirds of the estimated 60 million victims. Many civilians died because of disease, starvation, massacres, bombing and deliberate genocidal actions and other war crimes committed by German as well as Japanese forces on the Axis-occupied territories. The...
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Identification of cadavers and skeleton findings
Potůčková, Šárka ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
1. Summary Identification of corpses and skeletal findings The topic of my graduation thesis is the identification of corpses and skeletal findings. In this work I have described methods which are currently being used for an individual identification of people, and I have also paid a special attention to methods that are regarded as predecessors of modern currently-used methods. In each chapter of my thesis, I described different kinds of methods and I have also attached some short cases, just to illustrate the real work of police forensic experts after location of the corpse or the skeleton. In the initial part of my work I have also attached the Glossary of Terms that explains some complicated technical terms. Although some of the methods which I have described in my work are used in many other branches, I have focused on the use of these methods in the forensic practice (criminal investigation) with the possible collaboration of experts in the identification work in mass accidents and disasters. Nowadays, one of the fastest growing and most accurate methods of the identification with the widest spectrum of applications is the DNA analysis method, so I decided to devote a substantial part of my work to this method. I have described her historical development, her practical use and how this method really...
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Illegal immigrants in the U.S.: proposed solutions and their consequences
Hořavová, Tatiana ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
Tatiana Hořavová: Illegal immigrants in the U.S.: proposed solutions and their consequences ABSTRACT The problem of illegal immigration is one of the most pressing issues of USA's domestic politics today. The number of illegal immigrants currently present in the country is estimated to be around 11 million, and the inflow of new illegal immigrants seems unstoppable. Finding and applying the right solutions, however, seems to be highly problematic; this thesis will therefore try to analyze the reasons of such an impasse, and what could be expected in the discussion about this issue. The thesis, aside from a necessary introduction to today's immigration system and demographic characteristics of illegal immigrants, also contains an illumination of the reasons why illegal immigration is criticized. It focuses on four areas of criticism - legal, economic, cultural and security- related, and shows that arguments in the discussion about all these aspects exist for both sides of the debate - one that sees illegal immigrants primarily as criminals and a burden for America, and also the one that tries to defend illegal immigrants, and stresses their right to be treated humanely. The existence of two conflicting concepts pertaining to the approach to illegal immigrants in the USA is in this text further documented...
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Criminality and its presentation in media-4choses cases in the Czech Republic after 1993
Kasalová, Renata ; Jirák, Jan (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
Diploma thesis "Criminality and its presentation in media - media representation of four chosen criminals in the Czech Republic after 1993" deals with presentation of criminality and criminals in mass media. Mass media play an important role, they are the main actor that creates public opinion and influences attitudes and opinions of the public within the basic themes that are important for contemporary society. After 1989, in connection with beginning media freedom and development of commercial media sector we could observe remarkable growth of news related to criminality and crime. We could also realize an increase of their tabloidization and brutalization. Unqualified public gains its knowledge of criminality in the region it is staying in and also in the whole republic particularly from the media. Media may although report to the recipients incorrectly about the involvement of criminality, number of crimes etc. The themes of this diploma thesis are as following: media production related to criminality and journalism, normative demands for journalism and media products including their infringements, social and media construction of reality and media representation. Within the qualitative analysis I am observing the media representations of the criminals, named Jiri Kajinek, Petr Zelenka, Vaclav...
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