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Some special methods of evidence
Šudrychová, Šarlota ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
Some special methods of evidence Abstract The thesis focuses on five independent specific criminalistic-tactical methods of criminalistic practice. The Act No. 141/1961 Sb., o trestním řízení soudním (Criminal Procedure), provides these methods in the form of criminal-procedural acts as so-called Some special methods of evidence. The thesis describes these methods not only from a theoretical point of view, but also deals with specific cases from practice. The first chapter is entitled General Theoretical Background. It deals with the nature of some special methods of evidence, their purpose, documentation, and the principle of prohibition of coercion to self-incrimination. It also contains a practical demonstration of the difficulties of using some special methods of evidence in practice. The second chapter is about the historical development of the various methods. In particular, it focuses on the legislative development of confrontation and eyewitness testimony. The third chapter focuses on confrontation, its nature, its distinction from interrogation, the process and documentation of the act. The fourth chapter deals with eyewitness testimony, its nature, types of eyewitness's testimony and the possibilities of increasing the evidentiary strength of this act. This part of the thesis refers not only to...
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Selected issues of trasology
Palát, Jakub ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
Selected issues of trasology Abstract This diploma thesis deals with partial issues of the field of trasology. Trasology in general represents one of the forensic-technical fields, which deals with footprints, shoeprint, teeth and ear impressions, tire prints and similar objects. The aim of this thesis is to present an analysis of the issue and to provide an answer to the question whether trasology is still a relevant field in the Czech Republic and abroad. In this context, special attention is paid to identification tools used in trasology. The methods used are description, analysis, comparison with foreign countries and own research activity. The whole thesis is structured into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the area of definition of the term of trasology and other related terms. This chapter also contains subchapters devoted to the historical development of trasology and its relation to criminal law and to other forensic fields. The second chapter deals in more detail with the use of trasology in practice. This chapter includes a treatise on trasological traces and their use in criminal proceedings. Trasological traces are then divided into several categories according to the nature of the object that created the trace. Subsequently, an insight into the identification tools TRASIS and LUCIA...
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Identification of cadavers and skeleton findings
Voráčová, Kateřina ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
Abstract/Summary The discovery of a cadaver or skeletal remains (hereinafter the "Remains") raises a number of questions, one of which is the matter of the identity of the remains. The answer to this particular question can be found through forensic identification and utilization of one of the methods thereof. The aim of my thesis is to provide a brief overview of the methods which are currently most commonly used for the purposes of identifying Remains and introduce the reader to their basics, options and limitations. In order to ensure a better understanding of the subject, I have included a section concerning the Remains and the post-mortem changes thereof. In this thesis, I will focus only on those parts of scientific fields, which are relevant for identification of the Remains, and, similarly with respect to information systems, I target only the information being collected and analyzed by such systems in cases of Remains whose identity is not know. In this thesis, I have chosen to proceed from general terms, division of forensic identification, activities being carried out upon the discovery of the Remains, to the individual methods of identification, information system and practical case studies. The thesis is divided into ten chapters. In the first chapter, I address the subject of general terms...
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Methods of investigation of murders (selected issues)
Křečková, Veronika ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
The main theme of this diploma thesis is the methodology of investigations of murder, respectively the procedure police uses in case of investigation murder. Only selected range of topics is discussed due to limited scope of the thesis. First chapter contains a several legal aspects of fatal offences. Murder, manslaughter and murder of newborn child are chosen as the main fatal offences. Small part of the chapter is devoted to euthanasia and statistics about committed crimes of murder in the Czech Republic. Second chapter describes criminological characteristics, which consists of personality of a criminal, personality of a victim and motives and ways of committing a murder. Third chapter is devoted to typical clues at the place of the crime, including the analysis of DNA, which is discussed in a greater detail, because it is one of the most important type of clues. Forth chapter characterizes typical types of investigation and takes a closer look at problematic of unaccounted-for victims. Fifth and sixth chapter briefly summarize important information about subject and initiation of criminal procedure. Seventh chapter is primarily devoted to investigative and operative acts, divided to crime scene and corpse investigation. In the last eighth chapter the involvement of public is discussed, mainly...
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Participation of experts and specialists in investigation
Šíf, Ivo ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
1. Abstract This thesis deals with specific means of participation of experts and specialists in investigation, that is it discusses expert opinion, authorized expert's report and participation of consultant in investigation. The topic is interesting because it offers an analysis of very important evidence used by the police, courts or prosecutors to learn about all the facts related to the criminal proceedings objectively. Lately especially expert opinions and expert's reports are increasingly needed to clarify the most serious crimes committed by means of technology and finance. In order to solve these crimes, the expert knowledge is necessary. It is that kind of knowledge that police, judges and prosecutors do not and quite fairly cannot have. This paper in its particular parts talks about expert opinion, authorized expert's report and participation of consultant in investigation as written above and also about their mutual relations. What can be said about the expert opinion is that it contributes to clarification of questions which require expert knowledge but at the same time the complexity of these questions does not ask for authorized expert's report. The expert opinion can serve as the primary evidence. Nevertheless there are no formal requirements regarding expert opinion in contrast to the...
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Reconstruction of a crime
Valnohová, Kateřina ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
Title of the dissertation: Reconstruction of a criminal offence Key words: reconstruction, criminal offence, criminology Abstract This dissertation deals with reconstruction of criminal offence, its definition, the tactics used and the relevant aspects of the criminal law. The first chapter is concerned with the term of 'crime reconstruction'and the use of the crime reconstruction, discussing the historical development of crime reconstruction together with the development of the views and opinions dealing with the crime reconstruction. The second chapter considers specific types of crime reconstruction, that is a reconstruction of criminologically significant crime locations, significant objects and significant signs of a criminal and, finally, the reconstruction of criminologically significant actions and events. The third chapter deals with the legal aspects of the reconstruction of criminal offence, specifically its embedding in the criminal law. The fourth chapter discusses the difference between the reconstruction of criminal offence and the other methods of investigation, such as the initial investigation, verification of statements on the site and the inspection of the scene of crime. The fifth chapter concentrates on the psychological aspects of carrying out the reconstruction of criminal offence....
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Technical examination of documents and means of payment, technical protection against forgery
Štalmachová, Martina ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
The first segment of this magisterial thesis essay offers a theoretical, as well as historical, overview of the issue, describing the foundations, upon which it stands, as well as its development, as addressed in Chapter Two. Chapter Three focuses on the analysis and the condition of the situation in Czech Republic, complimented with visual aides in the form of graphs and other material, in regards to the international field. The essence of this chapter is the comparative consideration of the question of protection against forgery and alterations of means of payment and other documents. The core of the subject, as well as its individual aspects, are then dissected in the following segment beginning with Chapter Four. Discussed here are various forms of protection, mechanisms applied, realized either in the shape of different mechanical devices, as well as a number of safety features embedded in the means of payment itself. The following, fifth chapter, deals with the question of forgery of coins. After this excourse into the field of forgery and protection against it in general, Chapters Six and Seven center around the detection and resolution of criminal activity of this kind, describing the individual methods, analyses, tests and practices used in clarification of answers that are vital to its solving.
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Measuring the credibility of statement
Kvasničková, Barbora ; Čírtková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
The aim of thesis is to evaluate the current practice of assessing the credibility of testimony in criminal proceedings and reflect on its current issues. In particular, it is necessary to resolve the question of the extent to the competence of an expert-psychologist in assessing process and the establishment of basic criteria according to which the experts proceed. I have chosen this topic because it's connecting criminal law and psychology which is important for society and a highly discussed in this time. Assessing the credibility is one of usual requests for expert psychologists from investigative, prosecuting and adjudicating bodies and it is also the most common, but often the most difficult part of psychological expertise. The thesis is composed of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the history of assessing the credibility. The second chapter describes the psychological expertise in criminal proceedings in our country and consists of four parts dealing with experts, expertise and evidence and evaluation of evidence in criminal procedure. The third chapter looks at assessing the credibility as a problem of professionals and it contains four parts. The first part defines the basis for assessing the credibility, the second part defines fundamental terms. The third part describes verbal and...
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