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The person of violoncellist Hanuš Wihan, history and culture of his time
Matyášová, Helena ; Petráš, Miroslav (advisor) ; Petráš, Miroslav (advisor) ; Bernášek, Václav (referee) ; Hošek, Jiří (referee)
Hanuš Wihan, a concert artist, teacher, and Czech chamber music promoter, the founder of the Czech Quartett and an important representative of the Czech culture of the end of 19th and beginning of 20th centuries is considered to be one of the most outstanding personalities among the worldwide known cellists. The thesis is to remind us of his great personality and work while reflecting the contemporary cultural and historical context of those times. It presents Wihan´s life from his early childhood and years of study, his fifteen year long contract abroad, his exuberant solo and chamber concert career in Bohemia as well as abroad and his teaching practice as a professor of violoncello a and chamber play at Prague Conservatoire. The thesis focuses on Wihan´s work with the Czech Qartett and is partly also dedicated to the relationship between H. Wihan and A. Dvořák and other contemporary artists. Finally the thesis covers the period of Wihan´s stay in Brandýs nad Orlicí.
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The butoh phenomenon, its origin, spread and influence on European dance scene
Burešová, Lucie ; Kazárová, Helena (advisor) ; Gremlicová, Dorota (referee)
This master thesis deals with the phenomenon of Japanese modern dance art called butoh. It approaches its inspiratory influence, socio-cultural background and the conditions of its rise. It follows its development within three generations of Japanese dancers. It discusses the issue of spreading butoh beyond frontiers of Japan and the reactions of accepting this new artistic movement in Europe. It also gives an outline of this phenomenon in Bohemia and its influence on both European and Czech dance scenes.
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Beginnings of Holy Mountain as a Place of Pilgrimage
Pokorná, Gabriela ; Dvořáková, Markéta (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Michaela (referee)
This thesis attends to the Holy Mountain - a place of pilgrimage, mainly to its origins. We can observe the process of an ordinary and uninteresting place becoming the most well- known place of pilgrimage consecrated to the Virgin Mary in Bohemia. At first we go in for general overview of places of pilgrimage that will help us become more familiar with this broad issue, we mention e.g. locations of places of pilgrimage and pilgrims' motivation. Later we focus on the Holy Mountain. We follow its becoming a famous place of pilgrimage in the first centuries of its existence. We allude to miracles that took place here as well as important personages who had crucial influence on development of this place of pilgrimage. We are concerned with first pilgrims coming here, their motives and by the same token we aim at gradual rebuilding of the chapel and later construction work that led to a formation of a beautiful and monumental complex of buildings. Lastly we briefly go through the 20th century approach towards places of pilgrimage and the literary approach towards them in the last decades.
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King Pest and his theatre Prague. Plague epidemics in early modern-period Prague.
Jarošová, Eva ; Šedivá Koldinská, Marie (advisor) ; Mikulec, Jiří (referee)
In 1348 the plague struck Europe and held it in its grip until the 18th century. The Czech lands were no exception, although regular outbreaks are not reported until after 1348. The disease was caused by yersinia pestis bacteria and transmitted primarily by the common rat. It took three different forms: pneumonic, septicemic, and bubonic. The year 1348 marked the most significant outbreak of the pandemic, referred to as the Black Death. However, the infection did not spread significantly to Prague and Bohemia until 1380. The societal crisis caused by the Black Death is reflected in art, particularly the so called Dance of Death and Triumph of Death paintings. Plague columns associated with the cult surrounding anti-plague saints became common sights in Bohemia. St. Maria was universally revered. St. Sebastian, St. Rocco, and St. Rosalie were invoked specifically for protection against the plague. Individual countries also sought protection from their national patrons, such a St. Wenceslas, the patron saint of Bohemia. In Bohemia, the plague is more commonly associated with modern rather than medieval times. Outbreaks recurred roughly every twelve years. In an effort to curb the epidemic, plague orders were enacted. These documents provided for quarantine measures, the closing of borders, the...
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People versus cormorants
Ulrychová, Michala ; Haluzík, Radovan (advisor) ; Lhota, Stanislav (referee)
Great Cormorant belongs to those animal species, whose feeding habits are in conflict with economic interests of humans. As predator feeding entirely on fish, Great Cormorants in Europe had been nearly hunted to extinction in the past and therefore classified as endangered species in 20th century. Because of conservation efforts and other positive factors involved, its numbers increased unprecedented and its distribution expanded across all Europe. From the early eighties ideal conditions for breeding were found also in Trebonsko Protected Land Area (PLA) in Southern Bohemia. Trebonsko is not only PLA but has been also known as center of Czech pond culture for many centuries. Appearance of Great Cormorant stirred up conflict between conservationist and fishermen, who suffered a financial loss. Purpose of this work was to approach background of this conflict and to present attitudes and opinions of all concerned parties. The study starded with media search and a set of questionnaires was completed by different groups as professional fishermen, conservationist, game fishermen, local citizens and tourists visiting the PLA. These questionnaires were qualitatively analyzed afterwards. Results revealed that the problem is not simply the controversy between fisherman and conservationists if the Great Cormorant...
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The visitation cards of the Cistercian monasteries in Bohemia in the 14th century
Lomičková, Radka ; Charvátová, Kateřina (referee) ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor)
Once a year the abbot of the 'mother' monastery visited aU foundations, which he had established. The more the abbot visited friars, the more they were happy. This is the main regulation which is written in the basic document of the Cistercian friary called Carta caritatis. The visitation of 'father' abbot was ordered at the beginning of the 12th century. As was mentioned above, the abbot had to visit all foundations which he had established. His task was to find out whether the discipline and the regulations of the friary were followed or not. He had to examine how monks follow the Saint Benedict/ s holy orders and he had to punish aH sins. All monasteries had to strictly follow the same way of behaviour and the same rules. The General Chapter (the gathering of the abbots, which was held every year) created directive regulations, which contained legislative, c1erical and disciplin ary issues of the Cistercian friary. The visitation guarded the following of these regulations and issues. Two institutions - the General Chapter and the visitation were the main garants of the existence of the friary. Every day the monks confessed from their rnistakes and sins during the gathering in the Chapter hall and they also warned the other monks against them. This gathering is called capitulum culparum. The 'father'...
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Tendencies of Czech photography during the epoch of Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia
Vávrová, Michaela ; Wittlich, Petr (referee) ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (advisor)
The epoch of Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1945) was conected with big changes in a social life. The basic characteristics of the new systém was represi on, fear and propaganda. The main role was censorship ... In big Czech magazines, for example Pestrý týden, Světozor or Salon were beginning to appear articles and photographies which were misused for a propagandistic reasons. This potos weren't realistics. Big part of them were stylized to a propagandistic style. The most common topics were - agriculture, folclore celebrations, holidays and sport activity. New heroes are agriculturists or people working for Empire and so for "better" future of their country. All news from battleships were provided by German agencies. Though, in this period was a big increase of documentary and newspaper photos. Our best known photographs who were working during the Protectorate for magazines were Karel Hájek, Václav Jírů, Ladislav Sitenský, Zdeněk Tmej, Václav Chochola, Karel Ludwig, Oldřich Straka and Jiří Jeníček. Exceptional person was Karel Ludwig, who was from 1941 to 1942 worked as an editor for magazine Praha v týdnu. His most famous photographs are pictures of Czech actress or pictures ofballet dancers, which are simi1lar to Degas' paintings. The big progress was also in a landscape and etnographic...
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Iconography of the Czech written Utraquist graduals
Šárovcová, Martina ; Homolka, Jaromír (advisor) ; Royt, Jan (referee) ; Holeton, David Ralph (referee)
Iconography of the Czech written Utraquist graduals Abstract: My doctoral thesis is devoted to the iconographic problems of painting decorations of a specific type of liturgical manuscripts. The subject of my doctoral thesis are illuminated chant books (graduals) with Czech texts of Gregorian chant, which originated in the 16th century for the needs of utraquist Confraternities of Litterati. The iconography of illuminations is interpreted with regards to their liturgical and codicological context within single part of the gradual. In the text, I especially accentuate the topics and motives from the whole complex of the themes which deserve attention and which newly appear in the structure of painting decorations or it is possible to interpret them in connection with the haecceity of the (utraquist) iconography and confessional identity. Heuristic compilation of illuminated utraquist chant books, which is the part of the structured catalogue, and interpretation of their iconography, represents the first elaboration which is fundamental to successive study dealing with iconography of single subjects, illustrations of particular saints and patron saints of places and specificity of the utraquist and catholic iconography in the epoch before the battle of White Mountain in Bohemia. My thesis, with regards to...
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The comparison of communication skills of nurses with a deathward client in hospitals and hospice homes.
ADAMCOVÁ, Lenka
This Bachelor's work examines nurses' skills in communicating with terminally ill patients in hospital and hospice facilities. The aim of this work is to present a detailed overview of the communication skills of nurses treating dying patients in hospital and hospice facilities as well as to identify what approaches nurses working in hospital and hospice facilities are not taking when treating terminally ill patients and to identify the specific issues that nurses must deal with when treating terminally ill patients in hospital facilities. A method of quantitative research was used to obtain findings for this Bachelor's work, and questionnaires were used to collect data. The addressed respondents were medical staff treating patients at the Central Military Hospital in Prague as well as at the St. Agnes of Bohemia Hospice in Červený Kostelec, the St. Lazarus Hospice in Plzeň and the Hospice on the Holy Little Hill in Olomouc. A total of 129 questionnaires were distributed, and only 33 were not returned. Therefore, 74% of the respondents did complete and return the questionnaires. However, 12 questionnaires were excluded for being incomplete. A total of 85 questionnaires, 66% of the original number of questionnaires distributed, were used to process the data. Therefore, the answers of 85 respondents were used for the research. Four hypotheses were established: 1. The methods and the level of communication of nurses caring for terminally ill patients are influenced by education and awareness {--} this was confirmed; 2. The process of caring for terminally ill patients depends on the conditions for providing comprehensive treatment care in hospital departments and in hospital facilities {--} this was confirmed; 3. Nurses in hospital facilities lack sufficient education for communication with terminally ill patients, and the conditions for providing comprehensive care are insufficient as well {--} this was confirmed; 4. Nurses in hospice facilities are familiar with communication techniques and regularly use them when accompanying dying patients {--} this was confirmed. The results of the research will be provided to employees in management positions in the examined hospital facilities and two hospices in order to improve the quality of the care provided to terminally ill patients.
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