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Socialist realism in Czechoslovak cinematography in the fifties of the twentieth century
Mojžíšová, Radka ; Tajovský, Ladislav (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
My diploma thesis deals with socialist realism. I have demonstrated that the content of this term has been changing regarding the political situation and it was loosely replacing the term folk art in historical texts. I have proved that the opinions of experts on socialist realism differ and a clear definition of the term socialist realism does not probably exist. The lack of definition of socialist realism was used to manipulate the artistic community. The thesis helped me to defend the proposition that the Communist Party has supervised and influenced the operation of the film industry even before the February coup in 1948 by the Ministry of Information, where a communist Václav Kopecký was in the lead. Interventions into films and purges of film workers were made already in the immediate postwar period. The main cultural-political directive on cinematography from April 1950, which should have provided a faster enforcement and obligatory effect of socialist realism, aimed to increase the film production. My thesis has shown that this directive, together with the bureaucratic way of approving films, disputes within the Communist Party, changes in film authorities and slow work of creative teams, contributed to an unprecedented crisis in the film production and to a fatal failure to meet the plan in the following year. In my thesis, I have proved that the film The Emperor and the Golem fully complies with two out of three principles of socialist realism. I have labeled the principle that requires truthfulness and historical concreteness as partly met. From my analysis, it can be concluded that this historical comedy has all the features that are required from the works of socialist realism.
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Architecture of Havířov in the Era of Socialist Realism
Sedláčková, Jana ; Novotná, Eva (advisor) ; Schmelzová, Radoslava (referee)
Short annotation Architecture of Havířov in the Era of Socialist Realism Building of Havířov was part of complex Nová Ostrava. Nová Ostrava was key project of first five-year plan. There was used insufficiently explained method of socialist-realism, which was from SSSR. Important for sympathy of formation Havířov is poltical and cultural development of ČSR after Second world war. Important is explanation of idea and platform of the new method and comparing of examples in architecture and art. Base of this work is a analysis of execution of a project method of socialist realism in Havířov. Firstly in this part is a history in ostrava's region, because this progress is connected with coal fields. Next are history of building Havířov, analysis and comparing of town planning, architecture and art. Connection of urbanism, architecture and art made synthesis for re-education of people. The best for rating of new town, which is built on green field, is survey of contemporary of inhabitants. Socialist realism's architecture in Havířov grew up at bad time, but this architecture is pleasant place for life, has mainly human dimension, public lawns and diversity. Keywords: socialist realism, architecture, urbanism, art, Havířov
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Socialist Realism architecture in Týnec nad Sázavou
ŠEJBL, Martin
Bachelor thesis Socialist Realism in architecture of town Týnec nad Sázavou will address the construction of workers' housing estate in the style of socialist realism in the 50s of the 20th century in Týnec nad Sázavou. Architecture will be presented in the context of the construction of settlements in the period of socialist realism in Czechoslovakia, which arose with the development of industry and mining. It also touches on contemporary issues insulation facades with the associated loss of aesthetic elements of buildings in relation to the historic preservation.
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Fighter against fascism as socialist hero. Two lives of Ján Nálepka
Bjaček, Petr ; Randák, Jan (advisor) ; Michela, Miroslav (referee)
After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1939 the Slovak part of the republic under the German patronage declared an independent Slovak state. From geopolitical reasons the Slovak regime as an ally of Nazi Germany was actively involved in many military adventures including the participation in the campaign against the USSR. The fact of Slovak participation in the German campaign against the USSR has become one of the worst acts of Slovak Clerico-Fascist government for the constituting communist regime in the renewed Czechoslovakia. The unpleasant history has been covered by an appropriate historical interpretation and a search for the new socialist traditions. Captain Ján Nálepka has become one of the solid symbols of this effort. Left-wing intellectual, teacher and reserve officer of the Czechoslovak army was called to the Slovak army after the formation of the Slovak state. He received the Medal of Bravery for the fights against Hungary and Poland and he even participated in the campaign in the USSR. In 1943 he defected to the side of Soviet partisans and he fell at the end of the same year in the fight for the city Ovruch as a leader of Czechoslovak partisan section. For his work with Soviet partisans he posthumously received the title Hero of the USSR. In the thesis I investigate the concept...
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Our country is beautiful today, but tomorrow will be more beautiful. Relation of the theory of socialistic realims to the topic nature and landscape.
Charvát, Ondřej ; Stibral, Karel (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
3 ABSTRACT Humankind in its whole being is reflecting an environment by culture and visual art. Different cultural periods value nature and environment differently, what have a strong impact on nature management - some culture periods have a strong feeling for protecting nature for its own value while others see nature just as a source of materials or energy. This relationship is possible to find in art artifacts made during particular culture period. The communistic idea was ruling for almost half of the twentieth century in former Czechoslovakia. And its point of view has strong negative impact on state of nature and environment. As an official style of art socialist realism was approved at the same time. Its main goal was portraying a new communistic world, new communistic society and new communistic man. Aim of this work is to find out how the socialistic realism displays nature and landscape topic in art pieces. In core of this work stays the assumption, that socialistic realism has no value for nature itself, on the contrary it appreciates only it's rebuilding for easier exploitation. Findings are based on study of theoretical art texts and art-pieces from the period 1945 - 1958. Keywords: nature, landscape, aesthetic, art, socialist realism, landscape painting
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Socialist realism and so called total realism: main characteristics of poetics, similarities and differences
Sieberová, Jana ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Schmarc, Vít (referee)
This diploma thesis mainly deals with the relationships between the poetic manifestations of socialist realism and so called total realism in the early fifties. The first part focuses on general issues; within it I try to describe characteristic features of both poetics, for total realism it is done mostly in the background of comparison with like-minded concepts (Hrabal's poems from the fifties, the works of former members of Group 42). In other chapters of the text I am thinking about a total realism from two aspects: first, as an alternative form of realism, which defines itself against the official art, as well as a program that is dependent on the official art to some extent by paraphrasing or using some of its means and resources.
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The Problem of the National Progress in the Political Conceptions of the Polish Elites at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Květina, Jan ; Doubek, Vratislav (advisor) ; Irmanová, Eva (referee) ; Kaleta, Petr (referee)
The principle aim of this paper is to analyse the perception of the national idea in the Polish area at the beginning of the 20th century in dependence on ideological discourse of the different political parties. In this respect we can identify two paradigms as the main competitors in the Polish case, namely the modern nationalism, which was represented by the National Democratic Party, and socialism, which was splitted due to the contradictory attitudes about the national question into two factions, the Polish Socialist Party and the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania. As the initial concept of the national identity, which the modern conceptions were forced to face, is possible to consider the legacy of the so called "noble republicanism", that identified the Polish nationality with the loyalty and willingness to the collective aims. Within the context of the negative inspiration of the political concepts as a stable trend of the Polish thought both nationalist and socialist discourse attempted to refuse the tradition of the noble identity and also the political principles and cultural "organic work" of the positivists. However, the detailed comparison of national-democratic and socialist approach to the Polish question proved, that both mutually antagonistic conceptions did...
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Antonín Macek: the poet, publicist and writer
Konvalinka, Filip ; Heczková, Libuše (referee) ; Vaněk, Václav (advisor)
The present study Antonín Macek: the poet, the publicist and the prosaist is concerned with the works of Antonín Macek, one of the forgotten Czech authors of the first two decades of twentieth century. The literary science has not taken the sufficient account of his artistic legacy so far. Just the marxistic theorists in the second half of twentieth century has perused his writings and viewed Macek's merely as a revolutionary socialistic writer with respect to his leftist politics (displayed especially in his journal articles). Our main purpose is to prove that this view is quite simplified and that Macek's work at full is much richer. For this purpose we tried to restore all the original editions of Macek's writings (especially his poems and tales) to reach new and current interpretation. We attempted to specify his apparently solitary place in the history of Czech literature by marking out his relations to more remarkable writers of Macek's epoch (such as S. K. Neumann, F. X. Šalda, J. S. Machar, M. Marten, O. Theer etc.) and incorporate his works in the field of opposed contemporary styles (such as symbolism, social poetry, nature lyrics, proletary poetry etc.). We have applied special respect to religious aspects of Macek's writings, which were depreciated by the latter marxistic interpreters. Our...
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Two Different Versions of Vítězslav Nezval's Poems from the 1920th
Hušáková, Barbora ; Holý, Jiří (advisor) ; Špirit, Michael (referee)
The thesis deals with two differrent versions of Vítězslav Nezval's poems from the 1920s, focusing on self-censorship. First I observe the development of poetism, principles of the composition of the poems and Nezval's works from the 1920s. In the following part, I describe the condition of cultural background during the 1950s and speeches pronounced at the SČSS conference. On the basis of comparison of the two versions of Nezval's poems from the 1920s, I proceed to the following classification of motifs which were removed by the Nezval's self- censorship − biblical and mythological motifs, references to European avant-garde, carnality, alcohol and drugs, exotic places and oppressive social conditions. Key words: poetism, Socialist Realism, version, poems, self-censorship, motifs
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Visual Art in the Housing Estates of Brno (1945–1989)
Kořínková, Jana ; Bartlová, Milena (referee) ; Hrůša, Petr (referee) ; Chamonikolasová, Kaliopi (advisor)
With special attention being paid to the development in the city of Brno, the dissertation focuses on the issue of applying artworks in Czechoslovak architecture after World War II. The main research questions – Why were in Czechoslovakia after 1945 artworks again integrated in architecture and what strategies were applied in the case of the newly built housing estates in the city of Brno? – are answered in two successive sections. First, the institutional background for application of art in architecture in the light of the events in Brno (1945–1993) is examined; the closing part is devoted to three case studies that illustrate local development in the period of socialist realism, creative release of the1960s and political normalization. The aim is to highlight the complexity of the examined subject and refute a popularly handed down conviction that integration of artworks into architecture in the period of socialism was motivated exclusively by the communist propaganda, and to show that the attempts to create a synthesis of art and architecture were also based both on earlier theoretical considerations about the educational function of art and its effect on humans and the need to improve poor economic situation of artists after World War II.
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