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Modeling of action potential of heart cells
Zemánek, Ladislav ; Čmiel, Vratislav (referee) ; Rychtárik, Milan (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with studies and researches models of action potentials of cardiac cells. It offers a description of the various models including description of their current components. The own solution of this project includes reconstruction of models of cardiac cell in numerical computing environment Matlab and compared with literature.
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A distress call owing to chest pains versus real diagnosis of a flying squad
JIŘINEC, Martin
This bachelor thesis is called: A distress call owing to chest pains versus real diagnosis of a flying squad. Thesis deals with possible causes of inception of chest pains and possibilities of their diagnosis. Theoretical part contains definitions of emergency medical services, differential diagnosis, ischemic heart disease and inflammatory heart diseases which cause chest pains. There are also described respiratory disease, cardiac arrhythmia and other possible causes of inception of chest pains, hypertension, hypoventilation, swoon. There are provided descriptions of cause, symptoms and prehospital emergency care of every mentioned disease. There was conducted a qualitative research and was presented in practical part of this bachelor thesis. Collection of data was based on technique of analysis of secondary data (archived recordings of distress call, departure records) as well as on the method of specific selection. The research sample consisted of case studies of distress calls owing to chest pains and of departure records used at emergency medical service of South Bohemia region. On the account of the quantity ofthe distress calls owing to chest pains wereto this research chosen and compared, after supervisor's advice, only the distress calls owing to chest pains from the months of July and December 2014. The aim of this thesis was to find out the most frequent cause of chest pains. Mapping was done enumeration of specific diagnoses and inserting tables. The research question was: ,,What are the most frequent chest pains?"On the grounds of the quantity of the distress calls owing to chest pains, were to this research chosen, after supervisor's advice, only the distress calls owing to chest pains from the months of July and December 2014. These months were chosen because they both are climaxes of summer/winter periods. The most frequent diagnosis in December 2014 was chest pains NS. There were 145 cases of this diagnosis in December. This diagnosis was the most frequent one in July as well. There were 108 cases of it in July. These facts can be clearly seen in table 1 and 2 which contain diagnosis based on symptom of chest pains. From data, which were collected and analyzed in the practical part, itis obvious, that distress call owing to chest pains can be caused by various conditions. Diagnosis of flying squad showed that chest pains can be caused by cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, backache, arm fracture, etc. However, flying squad is not always able to diagnose the cause of chest pains. These cases are labeled as chest pain NS, other pains NS, etc.
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Identification and determination of metalloproteins and metalloproteinases in experimental models and in groups of patients
Kukačka, Jiří ; Průša, Richard (advisor) ; Zima, Tomáš (referee) ; Stoklasová, Alena (referee)
Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing metalloproteins which take part in many processes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. These enzymes participate in most processes degrading connective tissue during ontogenesis. Changes in MMP expression and activity can be observed in most inflammato ry, degenerative, and malign processes. Methalothionein also belongs to the group of zinc-dependent metalloproteins and it is involved in metal trafficing, detoxification or protection of cells against reactive oxygen species. Aim: The aim of th is study was to analyze MMP and metallothionein in various experimental models of caridac tissue remodeling (under hypoxia and methamphetamine administration) and in groups of patiens with dislipoproteinemia and traumatic brain injury. Methods: Laboratory rats were exposed to 1) hypoxia for 3 weeks and treated with MMP inhibitor 2) hypoxia and hypoxic hypercapnia for 4 days. 3) ln another experimental set methamphetamine was aplicated to rats for 9 weeks. 4) A group of patiens with dyslipoproteinemia was investigated before and after 1 month therapy by diet or hypolipidemics. 5) Blood samples were collected from patiens with traumatic brain injury during hospitalization. MMPs were analysed by zymography, immunochemical method, and...
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Classification of heart beats using artificial neuronal networks
Doležalová, Radka ; Vítek, Martin (referee) ; Ronzhina, Marina (advisor)
This work deals with using of artificial neural networks (ANN) for ECG classification. The issue of ECG and ANN technique are described theoretically at first, the next section describes use of Matlab to design ANN and graphical user interface. ECG data (namely QRST segments from the orthogonal X- lead from seven phases of the experiment) obtained from experiments in isolated hearts of rabbits are used for learning and testing of the classifier. The result of this work is the software with GUI that allows user to set various parameters and structure of ANN. After learning phase, ANN realized in this work able to classify cardiac cycles according to their morphology into seven groups.
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A fluorescence microscopy study on free radicals engagement in the vascular wall remodelling under various experimental conditions
Tomšů, Eva ; Wilhelm, Jiří (advisor) ; Žurmanová, Jitka (referee)
Free radicals are engaged in many cellular actions. Recently, free radicals of versatile kinds reveal to be engaged in changes of the vascular wall composition i.e. in its remodelling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly of radical nature, are engaged it these actions actively. There are many fluorescent dyes detecting ROS intracellularly. We use mostly dichlorofluorescin, dihydrorhodamine, and dihydroethidium that differ in specificity to individual kinds of ROS. Preliminary studies in our laboratory revealed the opportunity to trace changes of the vascular wall composition during the neonatal developmental period of the laboratory rats heart using above mentioned substances. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Ultrasonographic evaluation of cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with Fabry disease
Paleček, Tomáš ; Bultas, Jan (advisor) ; Pudil, Radek (referee) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee)
Fabry disease is an X-linked glycosphingolipid storage disorder caused by deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A. This leads to progressive intracellular accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide. Besides various extracardiac disease-related abnormalities, cardiovascular involvement represents a typical manifestation of Fabry disease. The primary underlying mechanism relies on pathological substrate accumulation in cardiomyocytes, conduction system cells, valvular fibroblasts, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The development of cardiac and vascular hypertrophy represents a characteristic cardiovascular feature of Fabry disease. The aim of our studies was to describe in detail cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with Fabry disease using ultrasonography, which currently represents basic noninvasive imaging modality in cardiology. We focused on structural and functional abnormalities of ventricles, valvular apparatus and their relationship to vascular involvement expressed on common carotid arteries. We also compared the diagnostic accuracy of the two novel echocardiographic methods used for the left ventricular diastolic function assessment. The possible existence of circulating proliferative factor, which might be associated with...
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Analysis of electrical properties of cardiac cells
Švecová, Olga ; Čmiel, Vratislav (referee) ; Šimurda, Jiří (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of the electrical properties of the heart cells membranes. The main goal of this work is to answer to what extent it is possible to infer from experimental data on the detailed mechanism of interaction of substances with channels. The work also presents a detailed description of methods of measurement of membrane voltage and current, which are used in the experimental measurements. There are also discussed the individual channels of the cell membrane and ion currents, which arise as a response to the rectangular pulse voltage. There is also described the effect of various substances on the properties of ion currents flowing through the cell membrane.
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Nursing care about people with infective endocarditis after the cardiacsurgery procedure
MARKOVÁ, Eva
Infective endocarditis is inflammation of endocardium which affects mainly the heart valves. It is a very serious illness, often with acute process which even today leads to death in 20-30% of cases. The treatment is long-term and it has impact on various domains in future life. Patients are given high doses of antibiotics and in the case of unsuccessful conservative treatment and vast microbial vegetations with the risk of embolism cardiac surgery procedure is necessary. The appropriate and right nursing care leading to positive mental attitude of a patient is very important during the long-term hospitalisation, as well as education in secondary prevention of this illness. The aim of this work was: 1) to find out how the patient deals with the long-term hospitalisation. 2) to define the patient´s needs during the long-term hospitalisation. 3) to find out the patient´s foreknowledge of the secondary prevention of infective endokarditis. 4) to find out the nurses´ possibilities in the domain of uprating the nursing care about the patients with infective endokarditis. To reach this aim one investigative question was determined: How the nursing care about the patients with infective endocarditis during the long-term hospitalisation is filled up? To process this work qualitative research using Strauss´s and Glaser´s data analysis was used. The data gathering was carried out in the form of half-structured interview with the nurses of cardiosurgical department of Hospital of České Budějovice as well as with the patients with infective endocarditis after the cardiosurgical performance. All the interviews were agreed to be recorded. Literal transcription of the interviews followed afterwards. The rewritten interviews were encoded and processed into figures. Hospitalisation brings certain negatives to the patients, such as fear about their future and life, lack of information and fear from the operation itself as well. Regarding the serious health state the patient´s life values change. They start to appreciate their life, they become more cautious and focus on prevention. Nurses are aware of the most important needs of long-term hospitalized patients. They try to saturate these needs and make their stay in hospital as comfortable as possible. Their knowledge of infective endocarditis helps nurses choose the appropriate way of education of the patients. The support of family is also very important. In spite of all effort of the hospital staff negative relationship between the nurses and patients can occur during the long-term hospitalisation. Nurses try to prevent the possible problems by changing the staff. Most patients found helpfulness of the staff a very positive part of their hospitalisation. The results show the lack of patients´ information about the risk of the origin of infective endocarditis and profylaxy. It would be very helpful to focus on more intensive education of the patients which could prevent this ilness.
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Opioid receptors and their signaling system in the myocardium
Ladislav, Marek ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Neckář, Jan (referee)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to systematically collect and sort information about opioid receptors and their signaling system in the myocardium. Heart activity is controlled mainly by adrenergic signaling, and this work therefore contains also some data concerning the characteristic and significance of other relevant receptors. For better understanding, general basic information about opioid system, especially about the receptors and their signaling, is also provided. Relatively little is known about opioid receptors in the myocardium even though these receptors may have an important role especially in various pathophysiological conditions. There can be several reasons for this. The possibility of further characterization of opioid receptors in the myocardium is rather difficult due to the relatively small number of these receptors in heart tissue. The situation is somewhat complicated also by some differences in the modulation of cardiac function among different species. The complete molecular mechanism by which opioid receptors act on the myocardium has not yet been fully uncovered. Especially in the case of humans this knowledge can be crucial, because these receptors and their ligands could be used for medical purposes.
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Hemodynamic parameters of the cervical carotid bed of saline in the throes of stenosis of the carotid bulb and the bed capacity of treated recanalization excercise
Gregová, Daniela ; Kalvach, Pavel (advisor) ; Zvěřina, Eduard (referee) ; Beneš, Vladimír (referee) ; Bauer, Jiří (referee)
With the increasing number of patients suffering from some metabolic diseases leading to the development of atherosclerosis there is an urgent need for early diagnosis of the scale. If we think about disability sclerotic cerebral arteries, the optimal method of investigation is duplex ultrasonography, which is relatively inexpensive and friendly for the patient. To assess not only the structure and extent of atherosclerotic plaque, but also to assess the extent of any narrowing of the arteries and to evaluate the hemodynamic impact of structural changes present. It is an ideal candidate for screening in primary or secondary prevention of stroke, as well as for regular checks dispensarized patients. Knowledge of normal hemodynamic conditions in the cervical carotid stream is necessary in the assessment of various pathological conditions. This paper seeks to offer the most comprehensive view on the issue of carotid stenoses ultrasonografisty eyes. For practical reasons we focus on localized stenosis in the carotid bulb, the number is high above the stenosis in other locations.
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