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Visual Literacy in the Digital Era
Jarošová, Tereza ; Šafaříková, Radana (advisor) ; Pudlák, Štěpán (referee)
Final thesis titled Visual Literacy in the Digital Era is primarily focused on understanding image in the context of contemporary digital era, which is characterized particularly by abundance of visual images. Using analysis of principles of New Media and Surface Aesthetics, which is based on visual communication strategies, it tries to define new demands on viewers' perceptional capabilities and emerging consequences for their cognitive functions. Farther there are applied findings of contemporary cognitive psychology and neurobiology on artistic movements of 20th and 21st century and general artistic tendencies. In dependence on the analysis and application of gained findings there is in conclusion reassessed Visual Literacy in its existing definition, which is not sufficient for new demands that has arisen and do not take account of current level of viewers' literacy.
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Do We Understand Each Other? The Influence of Child's Cultural Identity on its Visual Expression
Schreiberová, Daniela ; Novotná, Magdalena (advisor) ; Fulková, Marie (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the influences of different native language and cultural habitus of pupils on their activity in art education. The thesis focuses on the integration of cultural contents in art education without disadvantage of pupils with different native languages. It also describes the educational conditions of these pupils in art education and brings out its specifics and the need for an individual approach. The theoretical part is based on literature and it analyzes broader contexts of the topic, such as the relation of the language, culture and mind, cultural contents in art education, semiotics, visual literacy, or cooperation. The artwork is approached as a mean of communication and art education is considered as a space of communication. Several school situations are described in the research part and the attention is focused on communication and cooperation among pupils who are non-native speakers, their art expression, approach and insight on the tasks. The research is based on the observation of non-native speaking pupils at the primary school. The aim is to find recurring situations in these individual cases and put them in the right context. Thereby contribute to the development of this issue in art education and bring attention to the need for specific educational...
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Reading Strategies in Preschool Education
Koželuhová, Eva
The aim of the thesis was to clarify how nursery teachers develop children's comprehension of the text read aloud and how they evaluate the possibility of using reading strategies to support children's comprehension during reading. In the theoretical part, I focused on defining the concept of reading literacy and pre-literacy, approaching the concept of the development of reading pre-literacy in the Czech Republic and clarifying the concept of comprehension of the text. Subsequently, I dealt with the issue of reading strategies and introduced those that are suitable for use in preschool age. In the empirical part, I used the qualitative approach of a multi-case study, which involved eight kindergarten teachers. Through in-depth interviews, repeated observation of the teachers' work with the text and subsequent analysis of video recordings of this work, answers to research questions were sought. It has been shown that teachers intend to develop children's comprehension, but only on a literal level, their work with texts is intuitive, without setting specific goals and monitoring the degree of their achievement. It turned out that reading strategies require a willingness of the teacher to work with them regularly and purposefully and to prepare for reading, which does not correspond to the prevailing...
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Contribution of individually created educational materials for pupils with ASD
Plachá, Lenka ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Korandová, Zuzana (referee)
The bachelor thesis is in the field of special pedagogy and deals with the benefits of individually created educational materials for students with ASD. The theoretical part defines the issues of autism spectrum disorders, diagnosis and etiology. One of the sections of the first chapter describes associated disorders such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, gastrointestinal disorders and food intake. These problems often occur in children with low- functioning autism and mental disabilities. Furthermore, this part of the work deals with the education of pupils with ASD with associated mental disabilities and impaired communication skills according to the Education Act, and the possibilities of medication of these pupils to eliminate demanding behavior. The practical part is focused on expanding the vocabulary by the method of global reading using structured and visualized educational materials, which we create for students to suit their needs. Motivation is also an important factor, which is why we use motifs from the areas of children's interests in the materials. The aim is to understand students' new concepts and improve their communication skills, which makes it easier for them to understand social situations and this in turn leads to the elimination of challenging behavior and increase the quality...
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The Dialog and Questions in Teaching on Second Level of Basic school
Sumcov, Jan ; Zicha, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
This thesis describes the integral role of using dialogue and asking questions on second level of basic school. The theoretical part of the thesis aims to point out that guiding students to dialogue and asking questions is essential for the personal development of the individual and also for a deeper understanding of the curriculum. At the same time, based on available literature and research, it summarizes the basic principles and assumptions of the dialogical teaching method. In the second part of the thesis, the author attempts to reflect the findings and examples from his practice in the form of action research and to suggest some methods and procedures that can be used to support dialogical teaching. The author focuses mainly on the questions asked by students and compares his outputs with the theoretical background on which he is based. It examines the contexts and types of questions asked by students in full-time and distance learning and also suggests procedures for encouraging them to take active questions. The results show that students are able to ask questions in the classroom, however, in normal frontally arranged lessons, only a fraction of the, usually participate in speeches in this way. In this case, the possibility of asking questions in writing or encouraging students to...
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Reading of adolescents with specific learning disabilities
Břečková Chalupová, Eva
The thesis investigates reading problems among adolescents with specific learning disabilities. The theoretical part of the paper outlines theoretical fundamentals of reading problems, different approaches to specific learning disabilities, reading particularities and reading related skills among adolescents and adults. The research part of the paper comprises the analysis and interpretation of data obtained via a comparison of the reading performance of students with specific disabilities and the performance of intact student population. The main goal of the thesis is to detect basic reading characteristics among adolescents with specific learning disabilities.
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Reading Strategies in Preschool Education
Koželuhová, Eva ; Wildová, Radka (advisor) ; Maňourová, Zuzana (referee) ; Šmelová, Eva (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to clarify how nursery teachers develop children's comprehension of the text read aloud and how they evaluate the possibility of using reading strategies to support children's comprehension during reading. In the theoretical part, I focused on defining the concept of reading literacy and pre-literacy, approaching the concept of the development of reading pre-literacy in the Czech Republic and clarifying the concept of comprehension of the text. Subsequently, I dealt with the issue of reading strategies and introduced those that are suitable for use in preschool age. In the empirical part, I used the qualitative approach of a multi-case study, which involved eight kindergarten teachers. Through in-depth interviews, repeated observation of the teachers' work with the text and subsequent analysis of video recordings of this work, answers to research questions were sought. It has been shown that teachers intend to develop children's comprehension, but only on a literal level, their work with texts is intuitive, without setting specific goals and monitoring the degree of their achievement. It turned out that reading strategies require a willingness of the teacher to work with them regularly and purposefully and to prepare for reading, which does not correspond to the prevailing...
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Speech understanding before entering elementary school
Vlasáková, Anna ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Horynová, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the area of speech understanding by children before entering the elementary school from the speech therapist's point of view. The thesis focuses on diagnostics. There is a dearth of diagnostic material nowadays, which is a reason for the creation of Speech Understanding before entering elementary school Test. This test is meant for children over five years of age. The theoretical part of the thesis characterizes preschool children from the psychical and motorial development point of view. Furthermore, the theoretical part focuses on the description of preschool child communication, with particular attention to the development of the lexical-semantic language area and summarizes knowledge of speech understanding, development of speechunderstanding, and speech understanding process. Finally, there is a brief description of a few conditions. The research judged the impact of these conditions on speech understanding. The research includes the processed results from the screening of speech understanding with the mentioned diagnostical material. One hundred and twenty- five children participated in the quantitative research. The effect of particular aspects on the speech understanding of these children was evaluated. It has been found that the presence of delayed speech...
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Pupils ' understanding of irrational numbers
Šiková, Kateřina ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
Diplomová práce zkoumá žákovské porozumění iracionálním čísl·m. Cílem bylo zmapovat a zhodnotit porozumění žák· ze druhého a třetího ročníku na gymnáziu. Vyhodnocení probíhalo na základě dotazníkového šetření od 69 respondent· a polostrukturovaného rozhovoru od 12 z nich. Výsledky ukázaly, že pro velkou část těchto žák· jsou všechna čísla s neukončeným desetinným rozvojem považována za čísla iracionální a s ukončeným desetinným rozvojem za čísla racionální. V závěru práce uvádím dva přístupy, které by mohly zmírnit tuto chybnou představu. 1
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Semantic web in the confrontation with Peirce's Semiotics
Řeháčková, Dana ; Fišerová, Michaela (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
The Semantic web was created for the conceptualization of data available on the Internet. Through formalized representations that are determined for data sharing and reusing, its vision should be achieved. One of the main aims of the Semantic web is to achieve answers to a searched question which demonstrates high exactness and relevance. The controversy and polysemy of the term "Semantic web" lets us consider the question: "What is the limit of involving semantic aspects provided on Semantic web?" Is it not only the amount of determinations of specific standards that are connected with data itself? The main aim of this thesis is to compare the use of the terminology appearing on the Semantic web in semantic metadiscourse with traditional academic semiotic approaches appearing from pragmatism of Ch. S. Peirce, Ch. W. Morris, and H. P. Grice. The main thesis aim is to clarify the function of semantic web, basically its function and its conception, by comparation academic's semiotics' approaches of pragmaticism Ch. S. Peirce and pragmatism H.P. Grice to help with mapping the problematic area which is connected with using terms such as "meaning," and "understanding," and to explore and make less confused the possibilities of the function of the Semantic web.
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