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Quantum and tempo of population ageing process in the twelve countries of the former Soviet Union: Challenges, opportunities and public policies
Mustafina, Marta ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee) ; Sidorenko, Alexandre (referee)
Quantum and tempo of population ageing process in the twelve countries of the former Soviet Union: Challenges, opportunities and public policies Abstract Population ageing is an omnipresent phenomenon which brings along unprecedented challenges to socio-economic development, especially to employment, social security and public health sectors. The broad goal of this doctoral thesis was to demonstrate that it is time to recognize the importance of population ageing and its dynamics even in the countries with relatively young population structures and to take urgent action through implementation of corresponding policy interventions in order to mitigate and eliminate the upcoming negative consequences and utilize potential opportunities. Research on population ageing in both more and less developed countries is abundant. However, amidst numerous studies, countries of the former Soviet Union remain largely overlooked. Besides, the quantum and tempo of population ageing have not been adequately addressed in the existing literature worldwide. This research addresses, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, those issues. Holistic approach to gap analysis was adopted to guide this study. The analysis was performed in three steps. The first step incorporated the identification and analysis of the observed...
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Demographic view on the population of New Zealand in the period 1991-2018
Třísková, Hana ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
Demographic view on the population of New Zealand in the period 1991-2018 Abstract The objective of this study is to characterize the key events (economic, social and historical), which occurred during the 20th century, that subsequently influenced New Zealand's population development and population structure in the period between 1991-2018. This period was determined based on the data availability and the presumption that the impact of the selected events started to manifest on the population after 1991. To describe the population structure, we used age pyramids, aged-child ratio, young-age dependency ratio, old-age dependency ratio and mean age. For description of demographic processes of fertility, mortality and nuptiality in the studied period, basic indicators were used, which allowed us to fulfil the aim of the thesis. Data for their calculation was taken from the online database of the New Zealand Statistical Office, Infoshare and selected publications. The first part of the work introduces the natural conditions of New Zealand and briefly outlines its historical development. The second part is devoted to the characteristics of the population according to age, religion, ethnicity and education as well as to the selected demographic processes. Based on the studied literature, we identified World War...
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Demographic trends in the Czech Republic as a social and economic risk
Kučerová, Bohumila ; Kaczor, Pavel (advisor) ; Sedláková, Jaroslava (referee)
The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the most important demographic data, to analyze the demographic development in the Czech republic, to provide a comparison with the other states and to formulate conclusions and recommendations on the basis of the results. The main demographic indicators are mortality rate, birth rate, marriage rate, divorce rate and abortion rate. Population growth in the Czech republic is also influenced by migration. Analysis of the demographic development is made for the period 1975-2015. Projection 2013, drawn up by the Czech Statistical Office, provides a sight into the demographic development up to the year 2101. It is evident that the Czech population has been aged and the birth rate is on the low level. This fact brings a number of social and economic risks. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to propose suitable measures to reduce an unfavourable demographic development and eliminate the social and economic risks as well.
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Tempo and quantum of population ageing in the world: development opportunities and challenges
Mustafina, Marta ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Sokol, Daniel (referee)
Tempo and quantum of population ageing in the world: development opportunities and challenges Abstract This diploma thesis aims to identify and describe the differentiation of the scale and dynamics of the ageing process in the world at sub-regional level and to develop a typology of those sub-regions and selected countries in terms of mentioned characteristics of population ageing. Furthermore, relatively homogenous groups of countries have been distinguished based on the cluster analysis of social conditions in the context of ageing in order to access their readiness to face further development of the phenomenon. Major development opportunities and imminent challenges associated with population ageing have been evaluated in the end. The results show that the timing and extent of age structure changes are very closely related. Countries that have undergone longer demographic transitions experienced longer demographic windows of opportunity that allowed them to reap the benefits of demographic dividends and to develop better social conditions as a result. Rapidly ageing societies from developing regions, on the contrary, have less time and resources to counteract the challenges resulting from the demographic changes where timely measures and policies have to be prioritized by policymakers. Keywords:...
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The Approach of the Czech Employers to Workers 50+ Compared to the Key Ideas of Selected International and National Strategic Documents
Zachová, Lucie ; Šerák, Michal (advisor) ; Frič, Pavol (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse the key ideas of currently valid international and national documents in the area of employment of older workers, and then on the basis of empirical investigation assess whether the practices of Czech employers correspond with the ideas of these documents. The work is divided into four parts. The introductory part deals with the specifics of older workers, including a description of the current demographic situation in the country. The second part presents the main ideas of the essential strategic documents in the area of assertion of people older than fifty years in the labour market. The third compares the results of the most recent national surveys with the key ideas of analysed documents. The last part, qualitative research, focuses on the attitude of selected Czech employers towards workers 50+, compares the extracted key ideas of the most important strategic documents in the field of active aging in employment with genuine personnel practices of selected employers. The last chapter also verifies compliance of results of own research with the survey findings presented in the national researches. Keywords: elderly workers, population ageing, employment of workers over 50, age management, economic activity lenthening, labour market policy
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Contemporary Social Context of Employing People Over 50
Bujárková, Kateřina ; Tomeš, Igor (advisor) ; Víšek, Petr (referee)
This thesis aims to describe the current state of employment of people over 50 in the Czech Republic, indicate the reasons and context of this situation and suggest possible solutions to the related issues. All these matters are explored within the context of the international development. The methods employed in this research are statistical analysis and the secondary analysis of documents. The research has brought evidence that Czech society has been changing enormously. Firstly, it is the ageing. And consequently, it faces the growing percentage of elderly people in the population, causing not only problems in the functioning of social protection systems, but also raising the necessity of changes in labour. Secondly, Czech society is undergoing a digital revolution. The increasing use of the Internet and new technologies transforms completely our way of living. The employment of people over 50 is becoming the economic necessity in our struggle to avoid the total collapse of social security systems, yet at the same time, it is complicated or sometimes even hindered by new demands on older workers by the digitalising economics. The importance of ICT competences and language knowledge grows constantly. However, elderly workers unfortunately lack these competences either entirely or at least...
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Cooperations of seniors and students of elementary school in the educational area of social studies
Vyhnalová, Andrea ; Dvořáková, Michaela (advisor) ; Zicha, Zbyněk (referee)
The key topics of this project are intergenerational relationships, in the means of creating a positive approach towards ageing in elementary school kids. Regarding the fact of demographic ageing of the population, active engagement of seniors into public life and profitable usage of their experience are both a current matter. The theoretical part of this thesis discusses intergenerational relationships, defines old age as equal to other stages of life and questions various stances and values. The practical part offers guidance to the developing process of collaboration between elementary school kids and seniors, in the area of social studies. The aim of intergenerational cooperation is going to be, through conversations, shared memories and further work with them, the increase of kids' concern about modern history and enhancement of respect towards ageing, therefore prevention of ageism. KEY WORDS population ageing, ageism, intergeneration relationships, positive approach to ageing, family memory, memories, teaching, project - based learning, inspiration for schools, modern history
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Estimating the quadratic almost ideal demand system and the effects of population ageing in the Czech Republic
Bílý, Michael ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Hájek, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to estimate the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System of non-durable goods on the Czech Republic Household Budget Survey data in two distinct models. Respective income, own and cross price elasticities are calculated and we interpret the resulting income, price and demographic characteristics of the household demand. The first model is used to estimate the effects of the 2015 Value Added Tax reform in the Czech Republic, which introduced 10% reduced rate on medication and books. We estimate how much the reform changes the consumption behaviour of households, the biggest changes are in the commodities of clothing, books, medications and household goods. The households are estimated to spend 1,049 billion CZK more on non-durable goods and the VAT revenue is estimated to decrease by 818 million CZK. The second model is used to predict the effects of the population ageing on the household demand. We do this in four scenarios to separate effects of the household composition change and to analyse the composed effects of increasing wealth and redistribution among the working and retired households. The population ageing has the highest impact on the commodities of food, fuel and light, transport and leisure services. The shift in composition affects the consumption mostly in the same...
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Funding of long-term care for ageing population in the Czech Republic
Málek, Josef ; Hroboň, Pavel (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on sustainable funding of long-term care for ageing population in the Czech Republic. In Europe the population is constantly ageing and the health-care especially the long-term care is a constantly growing burden for the fiscal policy. The current status of funding of the long- term care in the Czech Republic is unsustainable. We work with predictions about the evolution of number of citizens in the Czech Republic in the middle-run perspective. Then we discuss long-term care systems across the European Union and OECD members. Further we propose a model based on German long-term care system and provide a framework for structural change of long-term care funding that would lead to sustainability of the system. We also discuss some amendments that should lead to higher efficiency of the system and less the burden.
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The population ageing and homes for the elderly - the development and geographic differences in the regions of the Czech Republic between 2007-2012
Kotlínová, Lucie ; Spilková, Jana (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Nina (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the development of providing services of homes for the elderly between 2007-2012 in the context of population ageing in the Czech Republic. In this thesis population ageing in the Czech Republic is characterised in each region and these results are compared with other countries of the European Union. In the second part the development of providing services of the homes for the elderly is analysed from the beginning of the law 108/2006 Sb., about social services based on the data from Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, Czech Statistical Office and on the survey with social workers employed in homes for the elderly. Although the proportion of seniors in the Czech Republic in comparison with other countries of the European Union is increasing relatively fast and according to the prognosis the growth will continue in the future, the number of homes for the elderly in the reported period rose only slightly and the number of beds in them rather stagnated. This situation is caused mostly by requirements for improving of the quality of provided services, by the individualization of the care for the clients in these facilities and by stronger support of the mobile social care services for the elderly. Keywords: population ageing, senior, homes for the elderly
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