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Abundance of and threats to the snow leopard in various regions of its occurrence
Valentová, Kamila ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Hulva, Pavel (referee)
Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an endangered species and its population size is steadily declining. This thesis attempts to introduce and analyse the main factors threating its survival with reference to each country of its occurrence: China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia and Mongolia. To conserve the remaining snow leopard populations, it is necessary to detect its distribution in various areas. Here, recent data about its worldwide distribution are presented. Snow leopard has a very secretive lifestyle, which makes estimation of its abundance quite difficult. Therefore, I also present here an overview of methods, such as sign survey, capture-recapture, predator:prey biomass ratios, photo-capture rate and genetic analyses, used for estimation of abundance of snow leopard with reference to conducted studies. I discuss their advantages and disadvantages under different conditions. Key words: snow leopard, abundance, threats, worldwide distribution, conservation
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Population genetics of bees
Beranová, Tereza ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Munclinger, Pavel (referee)
Bees are one of the most important group of all insect, which plays a significant role in crop pollination. This bachelor thesis is review of articles, which speaks about genetic diversity of Apidae (Apoidea, Anthophila) and factors, which influence genetic diversity of this family. This thesis represents anthhropogenic impact, such as urbanization and fragmentation, and impact, which was not caused by human population, such as, climate change and parasite impact, on bee population. Part of this thesis is created by bee life overview and basic information about population genetics. The aim of this work is finding extent of declining pollinator problem, especially wild bees and also naming the bacic methods, which are used in this work. Key words: population, DNA analysis, threats, conservation genetics, bees, biogeography
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Kybergrooming at the elementary schools
Heber, Roman ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
In my master thesis I deal with the issue of pupils' movement in the online space, I observe number of different online features that may be potentially confusing or dangerous to children, as well as phenomena that can directly threaten the children. I also monitor the activities of the children themselves, how they deal with their personal data and how they care for their own safety. I pay special attention to social networks and pathologies on them, addiction, cyberstalking, sexting, online bullying and the utmost attention to cyberspace issues. In my survey, it turns out that the profile of some of the social networks has the vast majority of pupils in the elementary school, some of them younger than the official minimum age limit on these networks. Own personal data share about nine children out of ten. 6 % of the questioned children commit significant risk behaviour, 48 % have already encountered cyberbullying and 42 % of children committing some risky behaviour do not think they should behave more cautiously in the virtual world.
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Extinction risk and population size
Váňová, Lenka ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
There is generally accepted assumption that the probability of extinction risk increases with decreasing population size. But it's not sure at all, to what extent does this relation really work in real populations. The amount of studies dealing with this topic is on the increase, but still it's necessary to carry on researching. Previous results indicate that inspected connection is indeed true in many populations, in other words, preferential extinction of less abundant populations functions properly. Yet the dependence isn't as unambiguous and strong as expected. Many exceptions are known as well, which demonstrate that low number of individuals doesn't always have to be a disadvantage in terms of survival chance. Such deviations can be found both in paleontological papers and among current populations. For example, mass extinctions represent that kind of a special exception because each of them was probably driven by a different mechanism, so in one case the abundance could be an advantageous trait, whereas in another it was rather disadvantage. In my work, I briefly mention themes referring to extinction in general and subsequently I try to summarize findings about the phenomenon of population size and its connection to extinction risk. On the basis of explorers' ideas and by means of...
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Abundance of and threats to the snow leopard in various regions of its occurrence
Valentová, Kamila ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Hulva, Pavel (referee)
Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an endangered species and its population size is steadily declining. This thesis attempts to introduce and analyse the main factors threating its survival with reference to each country of its occurrence: China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia and Mongolia. To conserve the remaining snow leopard populations, it is necessary to detect its distribution in various areas. Here, recent data about its worldwide distribution are presented. Snow leopard has a very secretive lifestyle, which makes estimation of its abundance quite difficult. Therefore, I also present here an overview of methods, such as sign survey, capture-recapture, predator:prey biomass ratios, photo-capture rate and genetic analyses, used for estimation of abundance of snow leopard with reference to conducted studies. I discuss their advantages and disadvantages under different conditions. Key words: snow leopard, abundance, threats, worldwide distribution, conservation
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Behaviour of the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus Humboldti) in ZOO Prague
Šnáblová, Soňa ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Andreska, Jan (referee)
Daily regime of humboldt penguin (Spheniscus Humboldti) at Prague Zoo This dissertation is focused on day regime of humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) at Prague zoo over period summer to autumn 2012. Day activity of penguins is for better clarity presented by tables and diagrams. This work contains list of all species of penguin (measurements and description, environment, diet, social behaviour and breeding). Key
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Psychological reaction to different types of emergencies and disasters
Koblic, Milan ; Fiala, Miloš (advisor) ; Vilášek, Josef (referee)
Title: Psychological reactions to different types of emergencies and disasters Objectives: Develop a general overview of human behavior patterns of individuals and groups in unexpected situations. Methods: In this work were used the methods of analysis and comparison. The analysis was applied to the analysing of different types of emergencies and disasters. By comparison were then compared patterns of different types of personalities among themselves, but also depending on the type of threat. Results: It was found that the response to external stimuli are internal conditions, individual abilities, attitudes and temperament. A major role but also plays a readiness on the situation. If one knows the formula by which should the situation solve, increase the chance that threat or disaster can handle. Keywords: response, Great, disaster psychology, citizen
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Locomotion of mantled guereza Colobus gueresa caudatus-kikuyuensis (Thomas 1885 - Lonnberg 1912) in ZOO Prague and ZOO Usti nad Labem
Kost, Lukáš ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Vančatová, Marina (referee)
Summary: This dissertation is focused on observation of locomotion two groups of mantled guereza in ZOO Prague and ZOO Usti nad Labem. The observation took place in the summer of 2011. The locomotion behavior is for better clarity presented by tables, diagrams and detailed description of the breeding facilities of both groups. The work contains list of all species of guereza, including all subspecies of mantled guereza. Key words: primates, old world monkeys, Colobinae, black and white colobus monkey, mantled guereza, threat, behavior, breeding in the zoo.
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Basic research in the species composition of the order Anura of two Indonesian island areas and the influence of human activities on biodiversity in this area
Johánková, Klára ; Masopustová, Renata (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
Amphibians are the most threatened of all vertebrates. Alarming declines of amphibian species is considered to be a direct consequence of extreme vulnerability associated with specific requirements of the micro - environmental conditions. Disruption of these conditions causes irreversible changes in species composition of amphibians, affected area tends to have lower diversity and abundance of native species. The most threatened amphibian species are those with narrow habitat preferences, living in specific areas where any intervention can lead to rapid decrease or complete disappearance of species. Habitat loss, intensive land use, fragmentation, invasive species, diseases, pesticides and climate change are the main causes of dramatic decline in amphibian species richness worldwide. Habitat loss, endangering many species worldwide, is considered the biggest threat to amphibians.
Southeast Asia is currently experiencing one of the largest global deforestations. Many factors are involved in forest losses, e.g. Population growth, logging, changes in cultivation practices, infrastructure growth, politics, forest fires and global environmental factors. At least half of the forest loss is associated with human activity. Deforestation due to agriculture or livestock expansion causes degradation and loss of soil, microclimate changes and loss of biodiversity. An extent reduction in space required for preservation and development of biodiversity is the result of devastation of the environment. This process particularly affects the presence and abundance of native amphibian species. It has been proven that even low to moderate levels of anthropogenic disturbance have a measurable and profound impact on tropical species. Examples are conversion of rainforests to oil palm monoculture plantations, destroying the entire ecological niche, disrupting complex food chains and natural migration corridors of animals. Compare to forests or other woody crops plantations, significantly fewer species are found in areas with oil palm.
The main aim of the practical part of this thesis is a field research carried out in two different island areas in Indonesia. The research was primarily focused on frog species composition in different habitats. Selected target areas were the islands of Simeulue and Bangkaru that are a part
of a chain of islands on the west coast of Sumatra. These research areas were chosen for various types of biomes represented on them. Biotope of the first of the islands was largely affected by human activity hence a significant part of it is used for agriculture. The second island was never affected by human activity and is entirely covered with primary rainforest. On the base of research performed in farm area of the island of Simeulue, following frog species were confirmed to occure: Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799), Odorrana hosii (Boulenger, 1891), Limnonectes macrodon (Duméril a Bibron, 1841) and Amnirana nicobariensis (Stoliczka, 1870). Presence of two frog species not described on Simeulue yet was proven - Microhyla fissipes Boulenger, 1884 and Rhacophorus margaritifer (Schlegel, 1837). Presence of Hylarana parvacola (Inger, Stuart & Iskandar, 2009) was confirmed on the island of Bangkaru. Furthermore one, on Bangkaru previously undescribed species, Limnonectes macrodon (Duméril a Bibron, 1841) was discovered.
Richer frog species diversity was found in economically utilized areas on inhabited island of Simeulue. Frog diversity in the primary forest on Bangkaru, which has never been colonized, was lower. The results may collide with literature, indicating that a greater diversity of species is occurring in less disturbed areas. This proves that the abundance of species can be influenced not only by environment disturbance but also by other factors. In this case, different sizes and levels of isolation of the islands are probably involved. These findings are supported by the theory of island biogeography, which states that large islands have more species than small ones and islands close to the mainland have more species than isolated ones.
The objective of this work was only a basic research; its findings should be supported by more detailed studies carried out in the area.
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Molluscan fauna of the Czech Republic
Cermanová, Michaela ; Hlava, Jakub (advisor) ; Husák, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with the problems of molluscs on the area of the Czech Republic.
The introduction characterizes the tribe of molluscs and its history. The following part focuses on the morphology and anatomy of terrestrial and water molluscs, their ecology and biology. There is a detailed description of the life cycle of snails and clams, their way of life and food. The character of spread on the area of the Czech Republic and their migration connected with settlement of new biotopes was described at water molluscs. The following chapter deals with the question of collection and identification of molluscs, it describes several methods of collecting and identification of terrestrial and especially water molluscs.
A big part of the thesis is devoted to endangering of the mollusc fauna and negative influence of people on the malacofauna by creating new conditions in the landscape. The negative influences, by which people significantly change the landscape character, include for example forest clearing, construction of dams or longitudinal stream regulation. The last chapter describes the unoriginal species of terrestrial and water molluscs on the area of the Czech Republic, which represent another danger for our original malacofauna.
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