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Bilingualism management in the situation of language shift: Discourses, problems and the landscape of Belarus
Sloboda, Marián ; Nekvapil, Jiří (advisor) ; Gladkova, Hana (referee) ; Ondrejovič, Slavo (referee)
Práce se věnuje managementu bilingvismu v situaci jazykového posunu, tj. tomu, jak se jednotlivci a organizace chovají vůči dvojjazyčnosti, jak s ní zacházejí, a to v situaci, kdy společnost přechází od užívání jednoho jazyka k jazyku jinému. Práce se konkrétně zaměřuje na vybrané, dosud méně zkoumané aspekty současné jazykové situace v Bělorusku. Analyzované aspekty zahrnují: 1) geosémiotiku a management jazykového posunu na nápisech ve veřejném prostoru, 2) management jazykových problémů se zaměřením na školství a 3) snahy o obrácený jazykový posun k běloruštině. Pozornost se přitom věnuje korespondencím mezi jazykovým managementem občanů a státních nebo jiných veřejných organizací. Cílem práce je přispět jak k lepšímu poznání jazykové situace v Bělorusku, tak k rozpracování některých sociolingvistických konceptů, jako je zejména jazykový posun a jazykový problém. Práce aplikuje teorii jazykového managementu jako obecný model jazykového posunu a jako instrument k diagnostikaci jazykových problémů. Při aplikaci teorie v uvedených kontextech se ukázalo jako užitečné rozšířit ji o koncept diskurzu a kolektivního jednání, které pomůžou konceptualizovat propojení mezi jednoduchým a organizovaným jazykovým managementem, respektive mezi mikrosociální a makrosociální rovinou. Klíčová slova bilingvismus,...
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Language policies of Canada: An Evaluation of Trudeau's Policy of Official Bilingualism
Malý, Ondřej ; Calda, Miloš (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
Diploma thesis "Language policies of Canada: An Evaluation of Trudeau's Policy of Official Bilingualism" deals with Canadian English-French language duality. The thesis describes evolution of Canadian language policies on federal as well as on provincial level. On federal level, long-time prime minister of Canada Pierre Elliott Trudeau has achieved a goal to create fully bilingual federal government; on provincial level, the thesis deals mainly with the province of Québec as it has the most far reaching language legislation in Canada. The thesis evaluates Trudeau's aim to deal with Québec separatism and nationalism by stressing out new pan-Canadian identity of bilingual state reaching "from coast to coast".
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Language policy as an instrument of nation-building: The case of Post-Maidan Ukraine
Viktora, Matyáš ; Záhora, Jakub (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Martin (referee)
In this thesis, the issue of language policies and nation-building as seen by a constructivist perspective are studied, the studied case being the Post-Maidan Ukraine. It is argued that the ruling elites of Ukrainian society are persuading the members of minority-language populations to re-categorize themselves according to the blueprint of national and linguistic identities that the elites are presenting. The thesis studies the responsiveness of the populations of Kyiv, Dnipro, Uzhhorod and Odesa to the identity-building efforts. To assess the success rates of the endeavour, the method of linguistic landscape analysis and a survey among students of Czech in Ukraine are employed. In the linguistic landscape analysis, the behaviours of issuers of official, commercial and informal messages appearing in the studied cities are observed. Looking at the language composition of these signs, the overall responsiveness of the populations towards the official language policies, and, by extension, towards the nation-building efforts overall, are assumed. The survey then provides supporting evidence by asking the respondents questions about their attitudes towards the language legislation and stance on the issue of language use in the country. It is observed that in informal contexts, the messages often revert...
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Language Policy in the U.S.: Debating Official Language
Mertová, Viktorie ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Zukerstein, Jaroslav (referee)
U. S. does not have an official language even though the country is home to the highest number of English speakers in the world and English is the primary language spoken there. Since 1980s, there have been efforts to make English the official language of the land. However, they have not been successful so far. The paper Language Policy in the U. S.: Debating Official Language attempts to clarify why English has never been officialized. First, the language policy debates since the American Revolution are examined and the role of official language in the debates is defined. Second, the actors of official English debates are introduced, their motivation is explained and arguments for and against making English official are presented. Third, potential impact of official language legislation is scrutinized based on a comparative analysis of five official English bills. Thus, the paper provides an overview of the topic of official English debates and gives reasons why the U. S. Congress has never passed an official language law.
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From dialect to language: Fala
Hampacherová, Jitka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
Fala is a language which is spoken by nearly six thousand people in towns: Valverde del Fresno, Eljas and San Martín de Trevejo, in the Spanish region of Extremadura. The author translates the self-contained body of information about fala in a way that it is possible to describe the sociolinguistic situation in the area of the research. The first part of the thesis concentrates on the introduction of already familiar data, apart from general information the characteristic signs of the fala language are described, there is also the historic overview focusing on the facts that have influenced the development of the language, and further basic propositions about its origin are mentioned. The second part is drawn as the author's sociolinguistic research, in which the local language representation is the main subject and its results are presented in the following work in five defined parts. The aim of this thesis is to find out and describe the attitude of the speakers towards their language representation; additionally opinions of the inhabitants regarding the current status, use and possible teaching of fala are presented. The last part evaluates the role of fala in the process of the creation of one's identity. The work tries to assess the current sociolinguistic situation, discusses the future of...
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"Šprechtíme" - Project for the support of German language in the Czech Republic
Pokorná, Markéta ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Šichová, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis will deal with the project to support German Language in the Czech Republic known as "Šprechtíme". In the context of Czech language policy of the past two decades the author focuses first on the questions related to the creation, formation and promotion of the project. The author also aims to determine whether the project got into the subconscious of the Czech public (Prague and the border region) and whether it fulfilled the expectations of its creators. In this thesis both methods of qualitative and quantitative research (Interview, written questionnaires) will be used. Key words: German, sociolinguistic, multilingualism, language policy, "Šprechtíme", quantitative research, qualitative research
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Spanish-English Bilingualism in the Context of California
Eisnerová, Tereza ; Mištinová, Anna (advisor) ; Binková, Simona (referee)
This Diploma thesis deals with the Spanish-English Bilingualism in the Context of California. It focuses on the theory of bilingualism in terms of linguistics, psycholinguistics and phenomena that occur in contact languages. Bilingualism is viewed from the complex perspective, so it is set in the context of reality in California. The thesis deals with social identity of Hispanic speakers and focuses on the causes of code - switching. It also presents demographic situation, language policy and its history, both in the context of California and the background of the legal framework and policies of the United States. The aim of this work is to create an overview of linguistic phenomena that occur in the situation of languages in contact and their characteristics, secondly to find arguments to demonstrate the advantages of bilingualism and general support and to determine the primary reasons why code - switching occurs.
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The position of minority and regional languages in the context of European language policy
Fátorová, Eliška ; Tomalová, Eliška (advisor) ; Bauer, Paul (referee)
Eliška Fátorová The position of minority and regional languages in the context of European language policy Abstract The thesis deals with the language policy of the European Union and examines what position minority and regional languages occupy in this policy. Chapter on language planning introduces two models of protection of these languages and a major part of the research framework deals with a Language Management Theory. The aim of the thesis is to show whether the language policy of the European Union trace elements of this theory. The first part discusses in general about Europe and languages, about the language policy of the EU, the development of which is divided into three periods. This chapter aims to answer the question whether and how the EU language policy direction has shifted during the last twenty years. To answer this question thesis uses mainly research of Michal Krzyzanowski and Ruth Wodak. Based on their analysis of EU documents concerning European language policy a shift towards a focus on EU competitiveness and employment of the population, to which the knowledge of foreign languages contributes, can be traced.. Another part focuses on minority and regional languages. There is introduced the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages, which is a document of the Council of...
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The positions of the Afrikaners in the New South Africa
Walterová, Klára ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to investigate conditions of the Afrikaners in the "New" Republic of South Africa and whether the Afrikaners have a strong desire for claiming their right for self-determination and would be able to establish their own ethnic-state, so-called volkstaat. The Afrikaners are a significant minority, the descendants of the Western European settlers who came to South Africa in the 17th century and during the following centuries they developed their own culture, language, religion and national heritage including their own national identity and politics. The strong national awareness, patriotism and the affiliation with the new-born nation gave the birth for the Afrikaner nationalism, which was enhanced with the important historical event, today known as the Great Trek and series of the Anglo- Boer Wars. The Afrikaner National Party was a leading proponent of the racial segregation and proposed the idea of apartheid under the persuasion of the white supremacy and the political dominance of so-called whiteness. In 1994, when the racial equality was promoted and the black African National Congress came into power, the Afrikaners became politically underrepresented and economically, socially and culturally marginalized. This article examines changes and the current positions of the...
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The History and impact of the English-Only movement in the United States : Is there hope for language tolerance?
Workman, Romana ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
This Master's thesis aims to analyze the circumstances and grounds of the development of an English-Only Movement in the United States of America (USA), which pursues to establish English as the official language on a federal level, to evaluate its role in contemporary language policy in the United States where about half of all states do not have English enacted as the official language, and to confirm or reverse the thesis as to whether or not the English-Only movement is a right-wing conservative initiative and an influential interest group practicing a so-called language imperialism. This thesis describes the contemporary situation in five analyzed states and extends the topic by a language map of New York City as a historical gateway for immigrants into the United States. It also intends to analyze the contemporary language policy in the light of the new immigration law in a situation where the GOP has a majority in both Houses. The paper also has an ambition to introduce the existence, instruments and successes, or failures, respectively, of the movement to Czech professionals dealing with language issues. In the first part, the paper outlines some important definitions, resources and methods applied herein, and provides a picture of the American identity, values and culture. The second part...
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