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The First and Second Referendum on the Treaty of Lisabon
Kašpar, Mirko ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
Master thesis "The First and Second Referendum on the Treaty of Lisbon in Ireland" is a comparative case study, which - using the concept of europeanization - analyses causes, which led to the opinion shift of Irish citizens on the Treaty of Lisbon between years 2008 and 2009. Whereas during the first poll in June 2008 Irish rejected the Treaty, 16 months later it was accepted by an expressive majority, when almost half a million people more voted for it. The thesis clarifies, which elements caused a totally different course and result, explores opinions of individual players such as political parties, government, trade unions, associations of interest or significant companies, observes course of the campaign before the referendum, summarizes and analyses outcomes and subsequent reactions both on national and Union level. From the discovered facts the thesis concludes, that behind the change of attitude of the Irish stood especially external effects. On one side pressure of the other member states of the Union and even the EU as a whole to finalize the process of institutional reform and also explicit refusal of repeating the scenario from 2005, when ratification of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was terminated after disagreement of France and the Netherlands. On the other side acceptance...
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Internationalization tendencies in obligation law with a focus on contract law
Svoboda, Martin ; Lederer, Vít (advisor) ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee)
Internationalization tendencies in obligation law with a focus on contract law Abstract This thesis deals with the harmonisation and unification of the law of obligations, mainly contract law at international, European as well as at national level. Emphasis is placed on the historical context, the current regulation at all three levels and the identification of individual problems. The first part of this thesis is devoted to a general introduction of the topic. It is divided into four parts, first explaining the concept of internationalisation in general and then introducing the different kinds. The first chapter introduces the concept of private international law, including European private international law. The second chapter is devoted to legal unification and harmonization at the international level. The third chapter deals with the Europeanization of the law of obligations, and the fourth and final chapter outlines the issue of comparative jurisprudence. The second part is devoted to the need and feasibility of legal unification, again both at the international and European levels. This part discusses the various individual problems, such as the ways of implementation, and the problems posed by efforts to harmonise legal systems and unify the regulation of contract law. The individual problems are...
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Europeanisation of environmental policy in the Netherlands
Cimalová, Kateřina ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Kučerová, Irah (referee)
Integration in the European Union (EU) in terms of the legal as well as economic spheres has grown in depth, scope and speed since its establishment. The EU has significantly affected various fields of policies within its member states, including the environment. This is understood as the 'Europeanisation process'. The Netherlands, considered one of the pioneering countries to establish environmental measures, has approximately 80% of its legislation in the environmental field derived from European legislation. The thesis seeks to answer how Dutch environmental policy has been affected by the EU over the past twenty years. The implementation process of three environmental directives is analysed concerning water, biodiversity and air, to understand this process. The concept of Europeanisation and the related theory of goodness of fit is applied to argue that the implementation process of European environmental directives in the Netherlands is effective if there are no major adjustments necessary in the national setting, i.e. there is no policy or institutional misfit between domestic and European legislation, and no veto players impede the process. On the other hand, the implementation process is significantly more complicated if the directive needs extensive transformations. It is concluded that...
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Europeanisation of municipalities in the Czech Republic
Schacherlová, Sylva ; Martinková, Viera (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
The diploma thesis Europeanisation of Municipalities in the Czech Republic deals with the effects of membership in the European Union on the administrative structures of selected municipalities. This is a comparative case study of municipalities of various sizes and significance, namely the capital city of Prague, the statutory city of Pilsen and the city with extended powers Pisek. The aim of the thesis is to clarify which institutions in these municipalities manage the European agenda. The thesis follows three dimensions of the concept of Europeanisation (top-down; bottom-up and horizontal), which allows us to observe this issue from different angles. Research questions follow the logic of these three dimensions and the last research question focuses on comparing the Europeanisation of selected municipalities and identifying differences based on their size. The main source of the information was interviews with officials and politicians responsible for the European agenda in selected municipalities. The results of the work confirm the theoretical assumption that the size of municipalities has a significant impact on the management of the EU agenda. Financial and administrative capacities, the setting of European funds for the given city and the opinions of local political elites play the role...
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Creation of the citizenship law in Latvia in the context of European integration
Prokopová, Zuzana ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the process of the formation of the Latvian Citizenship Law in the context of European integration. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze the influence of European organization (primarily the Council of Europe, the European Union and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe) on the law creation and the approval of its amendments. The aim of the study is also to analyze how the representatives of the Russian Federation influenced the process of law creation and its changes. Latvia was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940, it remained its part until 1991. During the Soviet period, many Russian-speaking people moved to the territory of Latvia. Latvian citizenship law from 1994 was highly restrictive, it was based on the principle of legal continuity between interwar Latvia and restored Latvia after 1991. Therefore, the law only restored citizenship, which meant that only people who had been citizens before 1940 were granted automatic citizenship. Many inhabitants of restored Latvia, especially Russian speaking inhabitants, remained without citizenship. There was a possibility to acquire citizenship through the naturalization process, but the pace of the naturalization was too slow due to the system of so-called "naturalization windows". The system...
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Environmental policy of the European Union and its impact on the environmental policy of the Slovak Republic
Kozáková, Tamara ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Knutelská, Viera (referee)
This diploma thesis entitled "Environmental policy of the European Union and its impact on the environmental policy of the Slovak Republic" targets the environmental policy of these two entities, focusing on a specific area, namely waste management. Despite the fact that environmental policy did not belong to the original agenda of the European Union during its creation, today, due to the gradual development characterized in the first part of the work, the EU is a prominent player in this field. In other parts of the work we describe how Slovakia has gradually undergone a progressive change, ie Europeanization, through its involvement in EU policies. Based on the membership of the Slovak Republic in the European Union since 2004, the Slovak Republic has obligations and commitments, which shows the significant influence of the European Union, and thus the existing environmental policies of the Member States are no longer politically or legally separated from EU environmental policy. In addition to the goal of providing a comprehensive overview of the development of environmental policy of the both European Union and the Slovak Republic since its formation, the main goal is to analyze the implementation of waste management in the form of Framework Directive 2008/98 / EC on waste. This goal is based...
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Does EU Membership Influence the Approach to the United Nations Security Council Reform? Comparison of Germany and Japan
Franěk, Robert ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Váška, Jan (referee)
Reform of the United Nations Security Council has already become an evergreen of international politics. There are many reform proposals, but it's impossible to find satisfactory solution. One of the main candidates for new permanent membership is Germany, which published its bid in 1992. During 90's also emerged first proposals mentioning the possibility of future permanent membership of the European Union. This thesis contributes to debate on Europeanisation of foreign policies of EU member states. The aim is to find out, whether has German bid for permanent membership in the UN Security Council been influenced by membership of Germany in the European Union. For a better recognition of possible Europeanisation effects is German case compared with Japan, which published its bid only one year later and shares similar characteristics to Germany. Content analysis method is used to compare German and Japanese argumentation with regard to four topics: equitable representation, economic power, multilateral cooperation and responsibility.
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Limits of Europeanisation in Turkey: The Potential Relation between Economic Policy and Foreign Policy towards the EU
Blažek, Ondřej ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the Europeanisation of the third states and its limits. The thesis is a one-case study focusing on Turkey and Europeanisation of its foreign policy. Foreign Policy Analysis has been chosen as the research method. The method focuses on economic relations between Turkey and the EU and other subjects and searches for potential correlation with foreign policy making process. At first, the thesis researches the historical context of the relations of the EU and Turkey, describes the governing party AKP and analyses the changes in foreign policy. Economic relations are presented by Turkish exports and imports and inward and outward foreign direct investments. At the beginning of its government, the AKP party put a lot of effort to Europeanisation of the country in matter of reforms which brought better legislation and increase of FDI, but also mutual trade with the EU. During the years, fluctuations in mutual relations appeared but these did not have any significant influence on the political relations. As well as deterioration in political relations did not influence mutual trade. The EU is still the most important trade partner of Turkey despite the fluctuations. If a turn away the EU should have come, the motives would come most probably from internal politics...
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The Limits of Europeanisation in Turkey: The Influence of Economy and Religion on Foreign Policy towards the EU
Blažek, Ondřej ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Najšlová, Lucia (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the phenomena of Europeanisation of the third states and its limits. The thesis is a one-case study focusing on Turkey and Europeanization of its foreign policy. Foreign Policy Analysis was chosen as the method of the paper. It focuses here on the internal changes in Turkey that came up with the AKP party government and led to the change in foreign policy in which the relations with the EU were given less room. Economy and religion are analysed as two major limits of Europeanization. Economy was one of the motives on which the change of orientation of foreign policy was based when Turkey started establishing tighter relations with states in the regions of Middle East and Africa. Turkey was building its image as the hegemon and mediator in the region to protect its foreign investments. The AKP was a pro-Islamic political party and religion plays also a role in Turkish foreign policy. Since the AKP started ruling the country it has been reducing the secularization despite it was one of the pillars of the republic since it had been established. Islam became the unofficial but important factor in orientation of Turkish foreign policy. These factors had influence on Europeanization of the country because EU was becoming less priority region and this fact divided the...
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Europeanisation of civil law
Culka, Jiří ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee)
Europeanisation of civil law Abstract This diploma thesis aims to discuss the phenomenon of Europeanization of civil law. This is a contemporary phenomenon in the law of the member states of the European Union. Its substance is the process of influencing the sphere of private law and civil law respectivelly, as a result of the ongoing process of European integration. The first chapter deals with the definition of basic concepts. The second chapter briefly discusses the history of the whole process and then discusses the underlying theoretical questions: whether Europeanization is at all necessary and, if so, whether it is feasible and what methods thereof are being used. It aims to introduce and confront different approaches. The third chapter gives an overview of the current state of hard law in the field of civil law at the EU level. The fourth chapter focuses on the soft law in the field of European civil law and provides an overview of some of the most important academic initiatives in that field. It also demonstrates how some of the academic projects had influence on the current Czech Civil Code. The fifth chapter then specifically focuses on one area of civil law at EU level - the European tort law, which it seeks to discuss in a synthetic way. The final part of the thesis summarizes key facts and...
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