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Resolving conflicts among students in a primary school classroom
Štěpánová, Lucie ; Krčmářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Poche Kargerová, Jana (referee)
The topic of the diploma thesis is the solution of problems / conflicts between pupils in the 5th year of primary school. It deals with the causes of conflict situations in the classroom, conflict resolution strategies and the possibilities of their prevention. In the theoretical part, I focus mainly on the characteristics of the quality classroom climate and the specifics of pupils at a younger school age. I will summarize the types and causes of conflicts between students and the possibilities of how to prevent them, especially through the targeted development of their social skills. In the empirical part, in the form of action teacher research, I will try to reduce the frequency of conflicts and increase their ability to manage them in the 5th grade classroom, where I work as a class teacher. I will use the questionnaire "Our class", recording and analysis of specific situations, interview with students and analysis of my own reflective diary. To improve the social skills of students, I will use methods and techniques, especially personal and social education, which I will regularly include in the teaching of students.
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Changes in pupils' understanding of models of fractions
Hillebrandová, Eliška ; Janda, David (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee)
Fractions are a dreaded topic not only for students but also for teachers. The reason is that it is a breakthrough subject in primary schools, without which one cannot successfully continue in further studies. Therefore, in the first chapter of this thesis we will focus on understanding fractions through visual models (discrete and continuous - chocolate, circle, line segment, rectangle) that can be commonly found in textbooks aimed at teaching fractions. In the second chapter, using action research tools, we investigated how students' understanding changed over time following the interventions. The research consisted of two pilot tests and three iterations of the test over a two-month period in three seventh grade classes in a Prague elementary school. Specifically, the test focused on part-from- whole and whole-from-part search for the following three models: the discrete ordered model, the fraction-as-part-of-an-area model in a lattice network, and the number axis model. All results were graphically processed using tables, boxplots and we relied on statistical tests. In the third chapter, we summarized these results in detail and also pointed out the shortcomings of the research and how they can be addressed. It showed that there was a positive change in students' understanding of fraction...
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Voice preparation of preschool children
HRBÁČOVÁ, Veronika
The bachelor thesis focuses on the voice preparation of children in kindergarten. The thesis is conceived as action research. The theoretical part will describe what the human voice is and how it works. I will describe there how to work with the voice in kindergartens. Voice disorders can also occur in children of this age. Therefore, in this section we will find listed and posible voice disorders, how to recognize then and how to prevent them. The practical part of the bachelor thesis will be devoted to the action research itself. Six voice moments for preschool children will be designed, their effectiveness will be practically tested and evaluated. Each of the six moments will also include my hypotheses, which will later be confirmed or refuted. At the end of the work the proposed voice moments and their usability in kindergarten will be evaluated. All goals and hypotheses that will be set in the practical part will be evaluated.
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Speaking as a critical issue in teaching of English in the lower secondary school curriculum
SCHŮTOVÁ, Eva
This diploma thesis examines speaking skills, which have been identified as a critical issue in teaching English in the lower secondary school curriculum by teachers within the faculty project IPUP KA7 - The Innovation of teacher training. The key activity of the project was action research, which forms the basis of this thesis. The research focused on finding reasons why speaking skills represent a critical issue in the curriculum. At the same time, the aim is to offer possible solutions which can be applied by teachers through teaching techniques to help pupils develop speaking skills in English lessons. The thesis comprises of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part identifies the critical issues, examines the topic of speaking skills in great detail and describes which speaking skills should be mastered by pupils at the lower secondary school. The empirical part describes the methodology of the research and examines the data from the action research as well as theoretical assumptions from studies pertaining to this field of study. The thesis presents recommendations for teaching speaking skills that can be implemented in the classroom.
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Creating of local network of community midwives (Action research)
Zachová, Tereza ; Hájková Klíčová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Bosá, Monika (referee)
This thesis is based on action research which sits at the interface of midwifery and the management of health and social organizations. It maps the development of a local network of community midwives in Brno between 2021 and 2022. In the beginning, a Brno community midwife had a dream to work in a birthing house (midwifery unit). However, as this is currently impossible in the Czech Republic, she looked for different ways to work with her colleagues to provide accessible and quality care to women who demanded it. Thanks to a grant from the Brno-Centre district, five facilitated meetings of midwives were held. These meetings explored the motives and needs of midwives, the obstacles they face and their experiences in their practice. In this way, a service was being gradually designed that could provide women with individualised comprehensive support and care during pregnancy, birth and the postpartum period, provided by midwives. Today, the original dream has taken concrete form - Nest. It is a (for now informal) group of midwives who meet regularly, have a defined common vision, shared values and principles of care, collect statistics from births, have regular supervision and gradually implement a system of substitution. They are becoming recognised among other professionals in their locality and...
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Working with a story in preschool children
Macháčková, Natálie ; Laufková, Veronika (advisor) ; Neumann, Lukáš (referee)
The aim of the presented bachelor's thesis is to describe the story as an important phenomenon and a means to develop reading preliteracy in preschool children, with a focus on the age group of five to six year olds. The theoretical part is based on the study of the literature and focuses on the definition of reading preliteracy, its importance and its development in kindergarten with regard to the developmental specifics of children aged 5-6 years, which it details. It also presents the functions of literature, characterises literature for children and the story, and introduces genres suitable for this age group (with a more detailed focus on the fairy tale). It looks at how reading preliteracy is anchored in the Framework Preschool Education Programme and how the development of reading preliteracy is conceptualised in contemporary preschool education. It focuses on appropriate methods and forms of story work and the role of stories and books in the educational process, and finally it talks about children's perception of stories and the ability to tell a story. The practical part is based on action research in a specific kindergarten and aims first to determine the current level of children in some expected outcomes related to reading preliteracy in relation to the topic of the thesis, then to...
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Pre-school library in kindergarten: action research
Hercíková, Lenka ; Laufková, Veronika (advisor) ; Neumann, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis is based on the need to lead children to read at an early age. International research (PIRLS, PISA) shows, that the children's library in kindergarten has an inherently positive impact on the development of reading literacy. The aim of this thesis is to map the equipment of the children's library in the Elíšek kindergarten and to find out for what activities children use the books for. How teachers use them in their work and, also to map the children's home backround and if parents leads children read in their families. The aim of the action research is to improve the work with the book in the kindergarten, to involve in directional activities and build a new reading corner with selected books for children, various secondary activities and equipment. KEYWORDS Preschool age, reading illiteracy, literary award, genres of children's literature, reading corner in childrenʹs group, action research
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Development of competencies of preschool children in the field of safety and health protection in kindergarten
Gančarčik, Tereza ; Loudová Stralczynská, Barbora (advisor) ; Uhlířová, Jana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the field of safety and health protection of preschool children. The goals of this thesis is to describe the health and safe behaviour in the concept of pre- school education and based on theoretical approaches, which are important for scientific research, to investigate competence of Czech children that are living in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, in the canton of Geneva. The theoretical part compares Czech Framework Curriculum for pre-school education (Ministry of Education, 2021) with Plan d'étude (curriculum for pre-school education in the French-speaking part of Switzerland) in terms of health education and safety behaviour. It also defines the notion of health and safety in education and the developmental specificities of preschool children that are important for their development in the area under study. The last chapter of the theoretical part of the thesis maps out the risks to preschool children and, along with this, the didactic materials that deal with the issue, which are of Czech and Swiss origin. The practical part is based on a research in the Czech School without Borders Geneva (Switzerland). The empirical investigation was carried out in the form of action research. In the pretest, the evaluation tool for assessing competences of...
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Strategies for improving the class climate
Kottová, Anna ; Vallin, Petra (advisor) ; Poche Kargerová, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. Practical part and theoretical part. The theoretical part is focused on the characteristics of the younger school age of pupils who are the subject of the practical part of the diploma thesis. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the personality of the teacher, who is one of the main co-creators of the class climate. Diagnostic tools are described here that are used to evaluate the climate of a given class. In the practical part, I use action research to verify which methods and forms of work have led to an improvement in the climate of my class. KEYWORDS Classroom climate, teacher personality, younger school age characteristics, action research
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