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Meaning and Understanding in the Context of Thought of Jacques Derrida and Hans-Georg Gadamer
Voborský, Lukáš ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Novotný, Jaroslav (referee)
Meaning and Understanding in the Context of Thought of Jacques Derrida and Hans-Georg Gadamer The focus of the present study is mainly on the discussion of the process of understanding and emergence of meaning. Using the example of Gadamer's hermeneutics it becomes clear what are the limits of positive attempt to express conditions of understanding within the context of the philosophy of finitude. In spite of its undeniable benefits, hermeneutic understanding shows itself to be vulnerable towards ideology and it could be seen as suspected of hidden normativity thanks to its emphasis on agreement and coherency. Derrida's deconstruction on the other hand shows the dynamics of emergence of meaning in language, it emphasizes plurality and ambiguity in contrast towards totalizing unicity and agreement; however, due to this approach, it is unable to offer anything close to what we call the truth. In a parallel line of interpretation, philosophical- antropological approach of Ernst Cassirer standing in comparison with Heidegger's existential analytics of Dasein shows that already at the fundamental level in the process of establishment of terms and concepts and earlier our understanding is already determined to a certain extent. Discussion between Gadamer and Derrida shows a necessity of certain arbitrary...
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Reading educational texts in primary school and activities for promoting reading
Vrňáková, Alena ; Hausenblas, Ondřej (advisor) ; Klumparová, Štěpánka (referee)
TITLE: Reading educational texts in primary school and activities for promoting reading AUTHOR: Alena Vrňáková DEPARTMENT: Czech Literature Department SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Ondřej Hausenblas ABSTRACT: The aim of this thesis is to examine reading literacy and development of critical thinking skills during the teaching of educational texts. In this context I refer to the concept of the subject's reading literacy in relation to RVP ZV and to suitable conditions for developing one's literary ability. I also speak of the basic motivational principles of teaching, such as teacher's personality, goals and rules of active teaching. I also emphasis how one can achieve a better understanding of the given texts while reading them and provide a summary of teaching methods specificaly designed for the development of critical thinking. In practice I focused on the creation of a sufficient number of teaching materials of educational texts processed by methods of critical thinking and a model of learning EUR and on testing the efectiveness of these materials in the classroom. A part of this verification included monitoring ten pupils in their fourth year at the primary school Vrchotovy Janovice, where I work. KEYWORDS: Educational texts, reading, literacy, understanding, development of reading ability
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Information value and acceptability in weather forecast
Bělohlávková, Kateřina ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Palkosková, Olga (referee)
7. SUMMARY This diploma thesis The information value and acceptability of forecasting is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part the forecasting is described as a product of television newscast. I deal with the fact of forecasting entering the media communication. I deal with the information value that forecasts bring and show the way a piece of information is transferred from a producer to an addressee relating to the process of coding and decoding. I describe the acceptability of forecasts and its elements influencing comprehension. In relation to acceptability, textual linguistics is discussed in a separated subchapter. The last theoretical part deals with semiotics and semantics. These disciplines deal mainly with meaning and sings and that is the reason why they are not important only in the theoretical part but also in an analyzing part of this thesis. The analyzing part is based on semiotic survey analysis dealing with individual components of forecasts (visual, audio and audio-visual). The aim of this thesis is to find out which of components of forecasting brings the highest information value to respondents and which is best comprehensible for addressees. The survey results demonstrate that it is the audio forecasting that has a high information value and brings...
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Understanding of Problem of Dyslexy Through Drama
Stocková, Jana ; Svobodová, Radmila (advisor) ; Holemá, Irena (referee)
The diploma thesis consists of practical and theoretical part. It is focused on an issue of dyslexia and its understanding through structured drama. The theoretical part contains three sections. The first section deals with drama education, the second section covers structured drama and the third section is focused on dyslexia itself. The part concerning drama education is subdivided into three chapters demonstrating drama education in general, the subject itself and its forms. The part focused on structured drama is divided into five chapters that define structured drama in general and its subsequent implementation in education together with its structures, techniques and planning. The part dealing with dyslexia includes five chapters as well. The first chapter explains the term dyslexia. The next chapters demonstrate its symptoms, diagnosis and re- education, specific learning disabilities and relationships between dyslectic pupils and their family, school and classmates. The practical part contains a lesson of structured drama with reflections and perceptions collected during drama implementation.
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From Descates' Mind to Kant's Reason
Dekastello, Petr ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The basic subject-matter of my research is R. Descartes' Meditations On First Philosophy and I examine the term intellect and its position within the mind and its relation to thought. My work includes a study of sensation and imagination which provide the intellect with "material" to judge. The objective of my thesis is to demonstrate the role the intellect plays in terms of reason and to present an interpretation of the way in which the mind is designated in relation to reason according to Rene Descartes in his writing and in his responses to objections. The position and functions of the intellect are understood as a logical structure of mutual dependence and as the elements essential for the understanding of the human soul substance. At the end of my thesis I demonstrate that the system of reason of R. Descartes might be considered as the basis for the transcendental conception of reason in Kant's philosophy, which leads to an idealistic world conception and is founded on thinking a priori. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Visual Literacy in the Digital Era
Jarošová, Tereza ; Šafaříková, Radana (advisor) ; Pudlák, Štěpán (referee)
Final thesis titled Visual Literacy in the Digital Era is primarily focused on understanding image in the context of contemporary digital era, which is characterized particularly by abundance of visual images. Using analysis of principles of New Media and Surface Aesthetics, which is based on visual communication strategies, it tries to define new demands on viewers' perceptional capabilities and emerging consequences for their cognitive functions. Farther there are applied findings of contemporary cognitive psychology and neurobiology on artistic movements of 20th and 21st century and general artistic tendencies. In dependence on the analysis and application of gained findings there is in conclusion reassessed Visual Literacy in its existing definition, which is not sufficient for new demands that has arisen and do not take account of current level of viewers' literacy.
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Do We Understand Each Other? The Influence of Child's Cultural Identity on its Visual Expression
Schreiberová, Daniela ; Novotná, Magdalena (advisor) ; Fulková, Marie (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the influences of different native language and cultural habitus of pupils on their activity in art education. The thesis focuses on the integration of cultural contents in art education without disadvantage of pupils with different native languages. It also describes the educational conditions of these pupils in art education and brings out its specifics and the need for an individual approach. The theoretical part is based on literature and it analyzes broader contexts of the topic, such as the relation of the language, culture and mind, cultural contents in art education, semiotics, visual literacy, or cooperation. The artwork is approached as a mean of communication and art education is considered as a space of communication. Several school situations are described in the research part and the attention is focused on communication and cooperation among pupils who are non-native speakers, their art expression, approach and insight on the tasks. The research is based on the observation of non-native speaking pupils at the primary school. The aim is to find recurring situations in these individual cases and put them in the right context. Thereby contribute to the development of this issue in art education and bring attention to the need for specific educational...
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Efficiency of teaching Old Czech and Moravian Tales by method of Structured Drama comparing with efficiency of frontal teaching.
Opltová, Petra ; Svobodová, Radmila (advisor) ; Váňová, Michaela (referee)
The diploma thesis compares the efficiency of teaching Old Czech and Moravian Tales by method of structured drama comparing with the efficiency of frontal teaching of the same topic. The research aim is focused on the comparison of learning results of pupils who were taught by the method of structured drama with the results of pupils who were taught by the method of frontal teaching. Furthermore, the diploma thesis finds out if structured drama helps pupils to better understand the negotiation of other people. The theoretical part includes the definition of drama education, the goals of drama education, the principles of drama education, a description of drama education as a method of teaching, and evaluation in drama education. The main focus from the methods and techniques of drama education is on structured drama. The theoretical part is also dedicated to frontal teaching - it is basic characteristics, a brief history, frontal teaching in modern schools, plus the advantages and disadvantages of frontal teaching. The conclusion of the theoretical part is devoted to the comparison of drama education with frontal teaching. The practical part includes a description of the course of pretestation - the characteristics of the school, courses, and reflection of pretestation. Also included are...
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Differences of understanding and remembering of antique tale red by pupils, compared with antique tale worked out through methods of D.I.E.
Ježková, Kristýna ; Svobodová, Radmila (advisor) ; Hanyš Holemá, Irena (referee)
A diploma thesis is concerned with research. The research is focused on compare of effectiveness and differences of two opposite techniques, which are using in school environment. Methods and techniques of drama in contrast of classics method of frontal teaching. A primary aim of diploma thesis is finding out, if these particular methods has got influences for better or worst understanding and remembering subject matter and how big are these influences. The diploma thesis is divided on two parts. First is theoretics and second is practice's part. Theoretics part is making efforts to sketch these problematics of technical viewpoint. It is working mainly with specialized literature. Theoretics part is creating foundations for practices part. Practice's part is asking about research questions first and choosing explorative methods for research. Like research method is selecting of analysis of tests from children from both of classes. Test was created on the basis of take places of lessons. Starting point for practice part was book names "Old Greece mythos and legends" from author Eduard Petiška. In this book I choose one of them. Choosed legend is "Trója". The end of practice part is reflecting of lessons and knowledges, which was achieved in this research. In the end will be make summary and...
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