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Perceiving of the Beginning of Life and Selected Chapters in Context of Social Work
Bínová, Markéta ; Stretti, Sylvie (advisor) ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on various approaches to the issue of perception of life and personality. This concept is discussed in the first chapter and it is following by biological description of prenatal development, the approach of philosophical anthropology and the Catholic approach. In conclusion, there is a description of the context of social work, such as the expectation of the affected child, prenatal diagnosis, abortion, or birth of a dead child. Keywords Perception of life, personality, prenatal development, philosophical anthropology, Catholic approach, social work, crisis, abortion, prenatal diagnostic, dead fetus syndrome. Summary The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to introduce different approaches to the perception of the beginning of life and personality. This subject can be grasped from different points of view that affect each other or they are interdependent. I also focused on defining the notion of personality. In the following chapters, there were presented various approaches of understanding this issue, namely biological approach, philosophical anthropology and Catholic approach. At the end I focused on the possible context of social work that I see in the possibility of various crisis situations. These may be expectation of the affected child, prenatal diagnosis,...
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Philosophy of Art and Mass Culture in Thinking of T. W. Adorno, W. Benjamin and H.-G. Gadamer
Horneková, Šárka ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Váša, Ondřej (referee)
The work brings critical and philosophical perspective on the issue of art and mass culture in contemporary society. Relying on H.-G. Gadamer's, T. W. Adorno's and Walter Benjamin's ideas. The work performs a summary of their thoughts, focusing on art as an example of humanities- scientific investigation in the case of H.-G. Gadamer, the criticism of the cultural industry and its vital role in the thinking of T. W Adorno and the issue of technical reproducibility of works of art in a Walter Benjamin's essay. The work focuses on the present social functions of mass culture, its internal structure, on the issue of its quality, taking into account the extent to which this appears to be useful. The main topic was ultimately shown to be a phenomenon of education. Keywords. Philosophical Anthropology, Philosophy of Art, Culture and Society, Mass Culture.
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Nicholas of Cusa on Human, Intellect and Number
Šenovský, Jakub ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Nejeschleba, Tomáš (referee) ; Karfíková, Lenka (referee)
This thesis deals with the anthropological thinking of Nicholas of Cusa. The first part presents the fundamental metaphysical motifs that are the basis for this anthropology - above all, it concerns the conception of human as a mind (intellect). This conception is linked with the thinking of the first Principle (God) as the unity that is identical with itself. This unity/oneness of the One descends into the world through number that is one and multiple at the same time (all higher numbers consist of ones). The emphasis on unity of the One and on number as a mean of the creation is the reason, why Cusa's main concern, regarding the understanding of the world, aren't individual substances, but the relations between these substances. And for this kind of metaphysical thinking it is really important to develop also a strong notion of human intellect (mind), but the first philosophical texts to some extent fail to do so. The second part of this thesis deals with the proper anthropology that is developed in the dialogues with the idiota. It is shown what is the role of human mind in the dynamics of descent and ascent of unity of the One - it is the human mind and its intellectual return to its Beginning through which is all creation being made one and being brought to its true nature that is the One. The last...
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The Humanist Virtuoso : Beginnings, Idea and Illustration of Hume's experimental philosophical anthropology in Treatise of Human Nature
Kunca, Tomáš ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Pinc, Zdeněk (referee) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
PhDr. Tomáš Kunca The Humanist Virtuoso: Beginnings, Idea and Illustration of Hume's experimental philosophical anthropology in Treatise of Human Nature UK FHS, Praha 2013 Thesis introduces a concept of "The Humanist Virtuoso" as distinctive feature reflecting Hume's effort to introduce an idea of experimental philosophical anthropology based on study of human nature and manifested in his A Treatise of Human Nature. Concept is justified by three steps, through analysis of the beginnings of Hume's philosophy, explication of his "science of man" idea in Treatise and illustration of this idea in action, as appears in analysis of passions (Book 2). The beginnings of Hume's way to experimental philosophical anthropology are explained thorough interpretation of historical facts connected with his early study at College of Edinburgh. First meetings with culture of science ( both British Christian tradition of experimental philosophy and Newtonian mathematical philosophy) are considered as particularly important. Detailed analysis of pre-Treatise letters (the Letter to Physician and to Michael Ramsey) is provided to make explicit the beginnings of his "science of man" idea, turn to study of human nature. Castration of Treatise is observed and discussed via analysis of his letter to Home (1737). The second...
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Charles Taylor's anthropological critique of liberalism
Boudal, Jiří ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
The thesis presents Charles Taylor's conception of liberalism where the negative concept of liberty is rooted in a positive moral ideal of authenticity. First of all, both the main motivations which led liberals to defend the pure negative concept of liberty and Taylor's claim that these motivations all depend on the atomistic ontology is examined. Later, this atomistic basis is refuted and Taylor's holistic approach is offered which relies mainly on concepts of the personal identity and of the so called strong evaluation. Following this, concept of authenticity is presented as the implicit ideal of modern identity. Authenticity is interpreted as a pluralistic moral ideal appreciating uniqueness although containing some general moral demands. The thesis also shows that such a concept of authenticity presupposes negative liberty. Finally, some political consequences of such a liberal theory are provided.
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Care for the oikos. Home/House ind the History of Ideas
Průka, Miloslav ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Semrádová, Ilona (referee) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee)
This work focuses on the home/house as the most important locus of human dwelling, the place where through the ages humans were born and died. It is the innermost background of humans and their link to what is back of the ground. That home/house, so familiar a reality, faces a threat of becoming what is at the same time most remote. It is at the threshold of the home/house that humans and the world encounter one another. Countless images, symbols, experiences and conceptions of the home/house which we can trace through the ages mirror the immense effort and extent of human coming to be at home. One of the chief aims of this study is to use various aspects of this being-at-home to call attention to the magnitude of the loss which, according to Heidegger, homelessness as a global fate inflicted on humans. In this study we have set out from certain "foundations", presented in the chapters devoted to Greek, Jewish and Christian ideas and images of the home/house.
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The Question of Freedom and Personality in Early Works of Nicolai Berdyaev
Múčka, Jakub ; Švec, Ondřej (advisor) ; Nykl, Hanuš (referee)
Even though the theme of freedom and personality is crucial in the philosophy of N. A. Berdyayev, the topic is not found directly in the early work of the author. However it stands in the background of its development. I study in my following work the question of freedom and personality in an early work of the author in the years 1900 -1905, when Berdyayev went through a special ideological path from so called Legal Marxism, through different variants of idealism (neo-Kantianism, Nietzscheism) to a definite inclination to Christianity, ie. religion of God-humanity. In my work I try to not only study the author's original concept of philosophical anthropology including any potential changes, but also to assess to what extent was the theme of freedom and personality of Berdyayev crucial for his development to his mature work.
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An Essence of Human in the Philosophical Anthropology of Max Scheler
KOHOUT, Petr
My bachelor{\crq}s thesis is engaged in philosophical anthropology of Max Scheler, concretely in his human{\crq}s conception. I try to demonstrate an essence of human and differences among human, animals and plants according to Max Scheler. The text is divided into five parts. The first one addresses the biography of Max Scheler. It includes his pieces and minds. The second part nears five ways of views of the human in the past in Occident. The third part deals with mental side of life of human, animals and plants. The fourth part is devoted to essence of human differing from other animated nature. The fifth part solves the human{\crq}s constitution. The conclusion summarises the entire finding knowledge.
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Philosophical view on man and man's dignity in the work of Dominik Pecka compared to opinions of students from SZŠ (intermediate medical school).
MARKOVÁ, Marie
The aim of this work is to find out the attitude of the students from the medical intermediate schools in České Budějovice and Ústí nad Labem about the dignity of man. The information is taken from the philosophical position of Dominik Pecka. Despite the rapid development of society, science and technology it is important to remember the value of man in common life. Human dignity as incommutable meaning has its impact, and maintaining that understanding is of benefit in helping professions such as social services and healthcare. The asset of this diploma work is to provide educators, primarily of the Intermediate Medical School, with a useful tool to help students understand and critic human ethics and develop an ethical empathy among student regarding man{\crq}s dignity. Using student respondents as the survey sample can help teachers understand contemporary students. The charted data can further serve for self-reflection of one's own behavior, persuasion and knowledge of matters in the ethical sphere.
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