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Semantic differences in the use of gerund and present participle in French
Kalinová, Olga ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Duběda, Tomáš (referee)
Semantic differences in the use of gerund and present participle in French The objective of this memory is to systematize and expand the field of semantic differences between the gerund and the present participle in French. The departing point is that these -ant forms are two completely separate and independent grammatical forms from the morphological, syntactic and semantic points of view. These differences will be explained in the theoretical part of the work. Grammatical switching between these two forms is possible only when the present participle has the épithète détachée function. Unlike traditional French grammar, we assume that in this case there is a fine difference in meaning when gerund and present participle commute in sentences with identical environments. Our hypothesis, based on the approach of Saskia Kindt, consists in the difference in expression of intentionality. The empirical part will present the methodology for verifying the hypothesis and results from analysis of the corpus Frantext and questionnaire survey of native speakers. We would expect that the gerund will have the tendency to mark intentionality, while the present participle will be able to express non-intentional nuance in sentences with identical environment. By the explanation of the results, we will try to...
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Gerundial and ing-participial clauses in written and spoken academic texts
Pajmová, Klára ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
This Master's thesis deals with the gerund and -ing participial clauses in written and spoken academic texts. The theoretical part defines the academic discourse and non-finite verb forms. Gerund and -ing participial constructions are further described regarding their forms and syntactic functions. The sources used for the research part are two corpora of contemporary academic British English: BASE and BAWE. BASE corpus contains transcripts of academic lectures. BAWE corpus is a collection of university-level students' writings. Both corpora contain texts from four different genres and moreover students' assignments are divided into four levels of study. For the purpose of the research part of our thesis, only the genre "Arts and Humanities" and the highest level of study will be taken into account. The practical part analyses the frequency of gerund and -ing participial clauses, frequency of verbs occurring in these constructions and collocations of these verbs. A detailed analysis aims at studying 100 sentences from written texts and 100 sentences from academic lectures. This sample is examined regarding the internal structure of each non-finite clause and its syntactic function. The final section summarizes the results or our research.
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Frequency of Non-finite Clauses (gerund, present participle, infinitive) in Works of French Literature.
Černá, Daniela ; Müllerová, Eva (advisor) ; Jančík, Jiří (referee)
TITTLE: The Frequency of Non-finite Clauses (gerund, present participle, infinitive) in Works of French Literature. AUTHOR: Daniela Černá DEPARTMENT: Department of French Language and Literature. SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Eva Müllerová, CSc. ABSTRACT: The aim of the thesis is to examine the frequency and the function of non-finite clauses in selected works of French literature. It is possible to establish the characteristic features of non-finite clauses by means of a statistical research of the prevalence of particular clauses within the first ten pages of selected works of French literature. Another goal of the thesis lies in the definition of the influence of both the literary genre and the period in which the work was written on the choice of particular non-finite clauses. In conclusion, the thesis should underline the position of French non-finite clauses and could also serve as a tool for prospective French teachers in the form of a review of the representation of non-finite clauses in literary language. KEYWORDS: non-finite clause, gerund, present participle, infinitive, sentence elements
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Spanish gerund and its Czech equivalents
Vavroušová, Petra ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
The purpose of this thesis was to analyse the Spanish gerund and its Czech equivalents. The thesis is divided into two parts: the theoretical one and the empirical one. We mainly drew from Spanish grammar books and Czech linguistic works. The gerund and its translation equivalents were compiled from the parallel Czech-Spanish corpus InterCorp. The excerpts were analysed from the linguistic point of view in order to provide a contrastive description of the Spanish gerund and its Czech equivalent expressions. The objective of the study was to describe the different types of Czech translation equivalents and their frequency. The results of the study also reveal that translation of the Spanish gerund into Czech is closely related to the conversion of the analytic language structure into the syntactic one. Therefore, some of the specific characteristics of translation of the gerund into Czech might be assigned to the concurrence of two typologically different languages.
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Subordinate implicite clauses in Italian in comparison with French
DAŇKOVÁ, Klára
The first aim of this work is to describe the subordinate implicit clauses in Italian and in French and to compare the structures of these clauses in both languages. The second aim is to examine the use of the subordinate clauses formed with gerund in Italian and in French in a corpus of journalistic texts. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. At the beginning, the theoretical part includes an explanation of some notions and a short description of the morphology and syntax of the non-finite verb forms in Italian and in French. A larger part of the work is then dedicated to the description of the subordinate implicit clauses in Italian and in French. The practical part contains an analysis of the subordinate gerund clauses in both languages. The corpus analysis is conducted using the corpus InterCorp and its aim is to examine the frequency, the semantics and the function of gerund in Italian and in French in journalistic texts.
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The expressions of cause in Spanish
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Pavla
The thesis discusses the expressions of cause in Spanish and presents an analysis of the linguistics theme based on the Spanish legal texts. The fundamental aims of the thesis are to find the expressions of cause in the Spanish legal texts and to analyse it. The thesis is divided in the theoretical and the practical part. The theoretical part is focused on the linguistics characteristics of the legal texts and on the characteristics of the expressions of cause. The practical part presents an analysis of the expressions of cause based on one thousand of examples found in Spanish legal texts. The summary in Spanish is included.
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Gerund and its Czech Equivalents in Texts of European Union Law.
ŠILHAVECKÁ, Radka
Abstract The graduation theses named "Gerund and its Czech Equivalents in Texts of European Union Law" examine the ways of gerund application in Spanish expert language focusing particularly on the gerund structures interpretation. The theses are composed of two main parts: the theoretical part and the practical part. In its theoretical part, the author targets first the use of gerund in general. Above all, she specifies an overview of gerund´s main roles in Spanish sentences there, and recites various possibilities how to translate this verbal form to the Czech language. The second and important chapter of the theoretical part is called "Use of gerund in Spanish legal language". It studies gerunds found out in texts from the sphere of the expert (administrative-legal) language only. As the main source of information used for the practical studies was considered the internet portal EUR-Lex where we found out expressions containing Spanish gerunds together with their Czech equivalents used there. They were then classified based on the way of their interpretation. We examined two areas of legal experts text marked "All treaties" and "Judgements of Court of Justice". The theses are concluded by comparison of equivalents taken from two above mention ranges of texts as well as comparing results of EUR-Lex survey with the theoretical part of theses where we used the classification of gerund translation according authors Veselá Jana, Reska Jaroslav and Jašek David (2004).
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Complementation of infinitives and gerunds compared.
KODADOVÁ, Šárka
The diploma thesis explores whether the complementation of infinitives and gerunds, functioning as subject clauses, is different. Expecially it compares syntactic structures, relative length and complexity of the complementations and their roles in functional sentence perspective (whether elements are rather thematic or rhematic etc.). Furthemore it explores whether the form of complementation is affected by the position of infinitive of gerund, it means if there is any difference between the complementations of non-finite verb in initial position and extraposition. The research is based on the relevant academic writing and on authentic instances of gerunds and infinitives from the present sources of literature.
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