|
|
Sexual behavior and preferences in evolutionary perspective.
Bártová, Klára ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Procházka, Ivo (referee) ; Lindová, Jitka (referee)
The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is focused on the main theories of human mating strategies, such as sociosexual orientation and sexual strategies theory, which emphasizes intersexual differences as a result from the asymmetry of parental investment, and strategic pluralism theory, which highlights intrasexual variation in mating behavior. The second part consists of one review article published in the Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science and one original research article published in The Journal of Sex Research, a peer-reviewed journal. In this part we explored possible evolutionary origins and adaptive values of paraphilic interests and their prevalence in the Czech population. The third part consist of one article published in the peer-reviewed journal Personality and Individual Differences and two research studies which are currently under peer-review in two international journals. The main aim of this part was to test whether individual differences in femininity-masculinity, Big Five personality traits, and propensity to sexual excitation and inhibition are associated with individual sociosexual orientation. A further aim was to test whether attention towards sexual stimuli is affected by an individual's level of sociosexual orientation and by depressive...
|
|
| |
|
|
Facial attractiveness and its correlates in cross-culture perspective
Fiala, Vojtěch ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Tureček, Petr (referee)
Past studies, that studied facial attractiveness, focus mainly on fluctuating asymmetry, averageness, masculinity, femininity, and skin coloration influences on attractiveness assessment. Their findings have been used by intercultural studies. They have revealed that people from diverse areas prefer differential development of sexually dimorphic cues, according to, e.g. local health and economic situation. We have done an online questionnaire survey. We included Czech (N = 100), Iranian (N = 87) and Turkish (N = 185) facial stimuli and raters of both sexes. We have studied whether members of all the populations would utilize the facial colouration and sexual dimorphism cues in a similar way. We have also tested whether there were differences in the facial width to height ratio (fWHR) between the sexes in all the populations. We have also wondered if the populations differed in the variance of facial skin colouration. Raters from all the populations saw feminine women as attractive. Turks and Czechs found masculine men as attractive, while Iranian women found more average Iranian men as attractive. Averageness positively predicted the attractiveness of the Czech and Turkish faces of both sexes. Older and more average Czech men were considered more masculine by Czech women. More average and younger Czech...
|
|
|
Hierarchy and human behavior. BDSM as an alternative sexual behaviour.
Jozífková, Eva ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Bob, Petr (referee) ; Zvěřina, Jaroslav (referee)
Preferences for sexual arousal by overstated dominance and submission in sex is categorized as F65.5, sadomasochism, according to ICD, but this behaviour is called BDSM among the general public. The ground of these preferences could be ultimately biological. These preferences reflect behavioural strategy which enables to gain higher reproductive success. Men and women who were sexually aroused by a submissive partner had more male relatives than men and women with other preferences. Contrary to the women, the dominant men reported themselves as more attractive. Women who were aroused by a higher-ranking partner considered themselves more attractive. Sons of couples in which was hierarchical disparity had more siblings than sons of "equal" couples or couples with no hierarchical disparity. Daughters of hierarchically disparate couples had more brothers than daughters of "both dominant" partners. Concurrently, number and gender of offspring as well as self- reported attractiveness are likely to be criteria of the reproductive success in humans. It is also interesting that hierarchically disparate couples, without regard to gender of higher-ranking partner, reached higher reproductive success than "equal" couples. Individuals who preferred higher- or lower-ranking partner were also aroused by...
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Betrayal anticipation and experience in interpersonal relationships
Lačev, Alek ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Šolcová, Iva (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
"It's terrible. You can't trust anyone anymore." - Dawn Butler In this dissertation I concern myself with a phenomenon of betrayal within field of psychology. Despite the fact that examples of violations or betrayals of trust are manifold, relatively little theory exists regarding dynamics of trust, context-specific perception of betrayal or ability to predict violation of trust be- fore it actually happens. Overall there is significant gap in our knowledge about betrayal, despite its obvious prevalence in human behaviour. There are several approaches to betrayal ranging from evolutionary psy- chology to organizational psychology. Nevertheless this area lacks some unified approach and grasp of the problem. In my work I try to explore and build upon all these theories to answer following questions: (1) Is betrayal context-specific? Does certain context trigger perception of certain behaviour to be viewed as betrayal? (2) What role does intentionality play in perception of betrayal? In what contexts is intention even relevant? (3) Are we able to predict betrayal? Are there some emotional or communicational clues of upcoming betrayal? In the research part of this thesis I further examine betrayal in four differ- ent ways. I ask about colour-association to betrayal to examine their prevailing emotion...
|
|
| |
|
|
Human preference to animal species and its impact on species conservation
Marešová, Jana ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Komárek, Stanislav (referee) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
The dissertation thesis deals with human aesthetic preference to other species and its anthropological and conservation aspect. The aesthetic preference to animal species has rarely been systematically studied before and quantitative analyses, especially on a fine taxonomic scale did not exist. On the other hand, it was known that attractive species often receive more support for their conservation. From these simple facts rose the idea to test human aesthetic preference to snake species (and consequently to species across major vertebrate taxa) and use this quantified preference to explain the conservation effort devoted to captive breeding worldwide (measured as size of zoo populations). We confirmed that the perceived attractiveness (preference and/or species' body size) succesfully predicts the size of zoo populations across mammal, bird and reptile taxa. On contrary, we found no effect of the IUCN listing of the species. To find out whether we work with Czech students' preference only or we may generalize to other populations, we carried out the same experiment to determine human preference to boas and pythons in eight cultures of five continents. Despite profound differences of the studied ethnics, we revealed a considerable agreement. Moreover, we found an agreement between pre-school...
|
guest ::
