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Thoughts on Epistemology
Novotný, Vojtěch ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
Topic of the Magister thesis is study of human knowledge about the real world. Thesis focuses on the establishment of Epistemology, a philosophical discipline that focuses on theory of knowledge, introduces its history and its relation to other philosophical disciplines, mainly onthology. Thesis thoroughly studies all epistemological conceptions, both from the epistemological and ontological points of view, including conception of subject-object relationship. Thesis studies different sources of knowledge, i.e. empirical, rational, irational, and also analytical philosophy and critical rationalism of the 20th century. Thesis includes a list of the most influencial philosophers and their concepts of human knowledge - Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, Hume and Kant. Thesis studies the relationship of epistemology and axiology, the philosophical study of value. Thesis studies concepts of truth of knowledge. Thesis sudies evolutionary epistemology, its theoretical starting points, principles of natural and cultural evolution, phylogenetics and epigenetics and conceptual knowledge.
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Anthroposophy in Christian Coordinates Esoteric Christianity of Rudolf Steiner
Sušer, Jan ; Vogel, Jiří (advisor) ; Kolář, Pavel (referee)
The thesis tackles the issue of Rudolf Steiner's anthroposophic thought system in the context of Christianity and Christian theology. It is divided into four chapters and contains a dedicated methodological concept. The first chapter focuses on the beginning of Steiner's life journey, paying special attention to his spiritual influences affecting him prior to his public appearance. The following subchapter tackles the genre structure of Steiner's collective works (as in Gesamtausgabe) and creates an original proposal of its periodization as well as a description of its presence on the Czech li- terary market. Chapter two looks at those elements of Steiner's thinking that are theologically important and relate especially to the Trinitology. The final chapter selects those ideas from Steiner's ideological system that are in conflict with classic theological way of thinking and aims to provide them with a wider context.
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Fallibilism and Semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce
Macháček, Martin ; Karľa, Michal (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
This thesis consists of the analysis of Peirce's essays Questions Concering Certain Faculties Claimed for Man and Some Consequences of Four Incapacities focused on the genesis of fallibilism and its dependence on the theory of representation. Peirce's epistemological position here is articulated as a rejection of foundationalism and its conditions (e.g. intuition and introspection) that are understood to be unfounded hypotheses due the character of our knowledge of the outside world. The aim of this thesis is to find out how Peirce's epistemology can work without the certainty of foundationalism. Keywords: Peirce, fallibilism, representation, critique of foundationalism, inference, epistemology
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Wittgenstein's conception of certainty
Enderle, Tomáš ; Sousedík, Prokop (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
This work tries to analyze the concept of certainty in the Ludwig Wittgenstein's book 'On Certainty' and evaluate whether it corresponds to the criteria expressed by Pope John Paul II in the encyclical letter 'Fides et Ratio'. The first chapter explains the origins of the book and set it within the context of modern concept of certainty and skepticism, with an emphasis on thinking of G.E. Moore, who is main source of inspiration for Wittgenstein. The second chapter deals with the content of the book and tries to answer a series of questions about Wittgenstein's philosophical method. The third chapter first formulates requirements of the former pope on a healthy philosophy from the encyclical letter 'Fides et Ratio' and then try to find out whether these requirements are met or not. Work ends with a description of several elements of the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein, which can serve as inspiration for thinking and reasoning even if we are unable to accept the whole of his system of thought. Keywords Ludwig Wittgenstein, epistemology, Fides et Ratio, certainty
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Justificatory Status of Perceptual Beliefs
Sedláková, Jana ; Kolman, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Glombíček, Petr (referee)
The main subject of this essay is the problem of the relationship between sensation and perceptual beliefs in terms of their justification. Wilfrid Sellars and his Empiricism & The Philosophie of Mind are central for this essay. Sellars criticizes the theory of fundamentalism and sense data theory by pointing to the Myth of the Given. The perceptual beliefs could not be basic and self-justifying. Such a hierarchical structure is implausible, because we need a lot of other concepts for understanding and forming the perceptual beliefs. The justification has to be placed in the space of reason, when we are able to be responsible for our beliefs, to give reason, to understand the objections and react to them. This debate is not examined only in terms of an isolated, static subject. On the contrary, this subject is embedded to a dynamic social structure. Sellars' position contains three main elements: normativity, intersubjektivity and holism. All these elements will be more closely examined and placed in a broader context. Finally, I will present a critical view on Sellars' position on the basis of three questions: 1, to what extent is plausible the prior character of "It is" talk to "It looks" talk 2, to what extent can we talk about the non - inferential beliefs 3, to what extent is Sellars'...
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Intuition and Meaning in Edmund Husserl
Pieterová, Lenka ; Janoušek, Hynek (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The submitted thesis deals with the relation of intuition to meaning in Edmund Husserl's early work. The structure of the thesis is given by Husserl's triadic structure of epistemic acts, which is formed by the realm of subjectivity, ideality and objectiveness. In this framework, we treat the meaning in its proper sense of meaning-intention, which is but also related to the objectiveness. This relation is made possible by meaning-fulfilment, which is intuitive. At the end, we also emphasize the role of intuition not only in the Logical Investigations, which are to our thesis the central work of Husserl, but also in the whole of Husserl's philosophy.
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Interpersonal relationship and spiritual growth
Kučerová, Barbora ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Jinek, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to investigate the connection between de- veloping relationships with other people and individual effort on the highest knowledge. Its intention is to examine the form of this connection between social and epistemological (or theological) sphere. Through the analysis of M. Buber's work I and Thou and I. Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, the thesis attempts to present and clarify what kind of relationships can we adopt towards the world, other people, and spiritual sphere. Within the scope of these relatioships, the thesis wish to emphasise the specificity of interpersonal relationship. Afterwards, on the grounds of this specifity, it should be shown whether there is any spe- cial mutual dependance between interpersonal relationship and the higher knowledge. However, it might be also shown that there is not such depen- dance or even that in striving for higher knowledge and spiritual growth, it is necessary to surrender all finite things including interpersonal relation- ships. Whatever the outcome of this reflection might be, we are still human beings dealing with everyday circumstances of ordinary life. Consequently, we cannot break loose of involvement in interpersonal relationships as we are repeatably forced to return...
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The concept of mind at the beginning of modern philosophy
Kadlec, David ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The essay concerns itself with the concept of mind in John Locke's and René Descartes' philosophy. The main focus lies on the abilities of human soul, that is understanding and will, and its ontological properties. The work tackles questions regarding personal identity, freedom of will, and the kind of substance that a mind is. Both systems are, after their introduction, critically examined, and their strengths and weaknesses are compared. The difference between both philosophers crystallizes towards the end of the piece in their view on the immateriality or materiality of mind. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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