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Women awareness of high-risk factors and options for preventing cervical cancer
Žáková, Bára ; Vachková, Eva (advisor) ; Matulová, Jana (referee)
Author: Bára Žáková Institution: Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Social Medicine, Department of Nursing Title: Women awareness of high-risk factors and options for preventing cervical cancer Supervisor: Mgr. Eva Vachková, Ph.D. Number of pages: 98 Year of defense: 2020 Keywords: Cervical cancer, risk factors, prevention, education, health literacy The bachelor's thesis deals with women's awareness of risk factors and options for prevention of cervical cancer. The theoretical part points to general information about cervical cancer, risk factors and prevention. It also deals with the process of education and health literacy. The empirical part of the work consists of a quantitative questionnaire. The research focuses on women's health literacy in cervical cancer, risk factors, prevention and vaccination. It also focuses on whether they are sufficiently informed and educated about cervical cancer. As part of the research, 140 questionnaires were distributed. A total of 139 of these questionnaires met the criteria for inclusion in our research survey and were subsequently evaluated. Based on the results of the research survey, an educational brochure was created, which contains the most important facts about cervical cancer, including prevention.
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Knowledge and attitudes to HPV immunisation IV
Jelínková, Tereza ; Zimčíková, Eva (advisor) ; Kolmanová, Eliška (referee)
Knowledge and attitudes to HPV immunisation IV Author: Tereza Jelínková Thesis supervisor: PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, Ph.D. Introduction HPV infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases causing, apart from genital warts, other malignancies, most often cervical cancer. The most effective way of prevention is vaccination. So far, there have been 3 types of vaccines, most recent one being the nonavalent vaccine providing up to 90 % protection against cervical cancer- causing HPV, in contrast to the previously available 70 % protection from bivalent or quadrivalent vaccines. Aims The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes towards vaccination against HPV, and knowledge about HPV in general, among secondary school students. Furthermore, to determine their vaccination status and compare the findings with data from previous theses, including a comparison of their knowledge about HPV and relevant prevention. Methodology The data was obtained by means of a questionnaire survey, which took place at three secondary schools. In December 2017 at Gymnázium in Mladá Boleslav, then during June 2018 at Gymnázium in Brandýs nad Labem, and finally in September 2018 at Gymnázium Chotěboř. The obtained data was recorded in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and then...
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Use of statistical methods in gynecologic PAP smear screening
MŰLLEROVÁ, Pavlína
The aim of my work is to identify statistically significant deviations in the quality of gynecological screening performed by individual cytotechnician and the whole laboratory during the calendar year. My own work as a cytotechnician in 2017 is considered as a tested subject. A random rescreening of negative slides has been introduced as one form of control mechanisms in PAP smear screening at Bioptic Laboratory in Pilsen. In this way the number of false negative findings is reduced. The results may be used to further increase quality of the screening based on statistical evaluation of data obtained from the company database. It is possible to assume that the error rate of gynecological screening will not be found to be significantly different within individual months. Data of individual cytotechnicians may show differences and I try to identify them in my work. The theoretical part describes the issue of the occurrence of cervical cancer and the possibilities of laboratory examinations, which are available in the Bioptic Laboratory - classical cytology, LBC - liquid based cytology, HPV testing, etc. The experimental part describes the methodological procedure for the examination of cytological preparations - microscopic evaluation and at the same time the information from the company database are used, which are compared and statistically evaluated. The statistical data will be provided to the management of the Bioptic Laboratory for the purpose of improving the quality of routine gynecological screening
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The vaccination against cervical cancer
Sekaninová, Jitka ; Kolářová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Pešťanská, Zuzana (referee)
The topic of my thesis is cervical cancer and its prevention with emergence on vaccination against cervical cancer. The aim of my diploma thesis is to use analyzation of the campaign against cervical cancer, All I can, and analyzation of interviews with mothers who have decided to vaccinate their daughters to find out how the responsibility of mothers for health of daughters is constructed in the connection with cervical cancer. I am interested in how campaign promoting a vaccination articulates what is good or bad motherhood and how mothers construct a good motherhood. I am also interested in gender consequences of campaign that it brings and how mothers prevent health of their daughters. The thesis shows that health is our project and is as good as we care about it. In the connection with reproductive health there is mainly appear a theme of considering risks which participate on creation of good parenthood. The thesis talks about different medicalization of child body that is set up and reproduce by interviewed mothers and by campaign. It brings gender inequalities and stereotypical gender constructions and questions of who is responsible for reproductive health.
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Breast, cervical and testicular cancer - epidemiology, screening and prevention
Altová, Anna ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
The main concern of this thesis are breast, cervical and testicular cancer with focus on their epidemiology, screening and prevention. The epidemiological situation in Czechia and selected member states of EU is described by using indicators of incidence and mortality. The first main goal of this thesis is to analyze breast and cervical cancer screening coverage as well as the coverage by regular gynecologist check ups by using data from VZP health insurance company. It has been found that the breast cancer screening coverage rates are influenced by age structure. Cervical cancer screening coverage and gynecologist check-up coverage grow from 2009 to 2017. The other main task was to find out about knowledge of self-examination of Czech young people by using the data from questionnaires from educational programme "Healthy balls". Health knowledge among these students was low. There were found some differences in health behaviour and health literacy between gender and age groups.
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Opinions of the adult population about mandatory and optional vaccination in the Czech Republic
NEDBALOVÁ, Martina
For my bachelor thesis, I have chosen the topic of Adult Population Opinions on Mandatory and Optional Vaccination in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part I deal with the history of vaccination, basic concepts related to vaccination, composition of vaccines, and distribution of vaccines. A separate chapter is vaccination under the National Immunization Program, i.e. all mandatory, regular vaccinations. Out of the optional vaccinations we take a closer look at vaccination against flu and vaccination against cervical cancer, which are vaccinations around which there are many unanswered questions. The last chapters deals with the side effects of vaccination and negative attitudes of people towards vaccination, where I quote mainly the views of doctors who are against vaccination. The theoretical part is followed by the practical part for which I've set three goals. The primary objective is to find out what is the opinion on compulsory and optional vaccinations in the Czech Republic in the adult population. I also try to find out whether there are people in the population who do not agree with the vaccination. The final objective is to find out what are the vaccination rates for optional vaccines. Part of the thesis is quantitative research based on the questioning method. The questionnaire is based on research assumptions and has been published on the Internet. In one month, 366 respondents answered the questionnaire. The results are presented in form of graphs. My bachelor thesis can help you to better understand the issues concerning vaccination, to deepen the knowledge and, last but not least, to reflect on and build your own opinion on this controversial topic.
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Benefits of Preventive Programs of Malignant Cancer in the Czech Republic
Matějková, Karolína ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (referee)
Due to the constantly increasing epidemiological burden of our population on oncological diseases, nationwide preventive programs for selected types of malignant tumors have been introduced within the Czech health system. The aim of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate these screenings, such as mammographic screening, cervical screening and screening of the colon and rectum. The subject of the analysis is the mortality rates for breast cancer (C50), cervix (C53) and colon and rectum cancer (C18-21) between 1994 and 2015. The main focus is on question of whether the development of the mortality rate for selected neoplasms depends on the degree of coverage rate by a preventive program.
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Quality of life in patients with cervical cancer
Králová, Eva ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Daniel (referee)
My bachelor thesis deals with the quality of life in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. The aim of the thesis is to assess the quality of life of this group of patients in the period after the completion of treatment and the influencing factors, and to compare the differences in the assessment of the quality of life for various time intervals from the completion of treatment. The theoretical part of the thesis gives an overview of cervical cancer, including the epidemiology, risk factors, classification, diagnosis, therapy and its early and late side effects, and the prevention of the disease. Definition of the quality of life is given together with the significance of the assessment of the quality of life. The empirical part is aimed to find out the subjective assessment of the quality of life and the level of functional status of the patients. The aims of the thesis and working hypotheses are defined, methods of the survey are described and the group of patients surveyed is presented. Patients were surveyed with a non-standardized questionnaire and the questionnaires for the assessment of the quality of life EORTC QLQ C-30 and QLQ CX-24. The data are presented in the form of graphs and tables with comments. The results of the survey are given together with their comparison to other...
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Stratification risk of disease progression in patients with abnormal cervical cytologic finding by means of molecular genetic analysis of selected biological factors
Gomolčáková, Barbora ; Kašpírková, Jana (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to track the impact of selected herpesviruses, polyomaviruses, Chlamydia trachomatis and methylation of tumor supressor genes at the development and progression of high grade- lesion in HPV - positive patients by means of molecular-genetic techniques. Confirmation of these markers presence in women with severe lesions of cervix would help to raise necessary specificity of molecular genetics HPV testing and recommend it as a primary screening test for cervical carcinoma prevention. HPV testing could thus replace currently prevailing cytology which has relatively low sensitivity and therefore the number of false negative results. The analyzed samples consisted of cytological cervical smears of 51 HPV positive women, with histologically confirmed presence of severe lesions, collected in liquid medium. Samplings from 51 women without infection were used as a control. The possible effect on disease progress was confirmed only in the case of gene promoters' methylation whose presence was detected in up to 26 patients. It is, however, very unlikely that cancer would develop in all these women. This marker could thus help to stratify patients at risk but only to some extent. Although the individual effect of remaining markers has not been established in the carcinogenesis of cervical...
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