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Insects as a model group of organisms for the research of knowledge about and attitudes to invertebrate animals
Jelínek, Filip ; Mourek, Jan (advisor) ; Janšta, Petr (referee)
This thesis is a literature review that aims to process the available literature on attitudes towards insects, knowledge about insects and the ways in which the perception of insects by humans can be influenced. In the chapters focused on attitudes towards insects, I show how the emotions of disgust and fear lead to negative views of insects and, conversely, how the perception of their beauty and importance promotes positive views of insects. In the knowledge section, I show how people confuse true information about insects with myths, inaccurately distinguishing between what is an insect and what is not, which insects are dangerous and which are not. In the last chapters, I present the literature that deals with the ways in which attitudes towards insects and knowledge about insects can be influenced. I deal with the effect of urbanization, experiential educational programs and the picture of insects in human culture, namely in language, poetry, fictional literature and fine arts
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Strategies of human schistosomiasis control
Kusá, Kateřina ; Mikeš, Libor (advisor) ; Bartoníček, Zikmund (referee)
Identifying effective strategies to control human schistosomiasis is a key goal of scientific and public health efforts and it is of a high public interest. This bachelor thesis focuses on evaluating different strategies for controlling this disease, with emphasis on the context of specific settings. The thesis combines an analysis of epidemiological data and a literature search of scientific studies to identify optimal approaches. The research emphasizes the importance of prevention, treatment and control of infection, and proposes an integrated approach involving a wide range of interventions such as sanitation, anthelmintic treatment, water infrastructure improvements and educational programs. The results of the study provide a comprehensive review of effective strategies for controlling human schistosomiasis with respect to specific contexts and contribute to the debate on the optimal use of resources in public health.
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Root - shoot junction (collet) development
Hermann, Jiří ; Žárský, Viktor (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Although the root-shoot junction (collet) of adult plants is a well-identifiable part of the plant body, its development has, surprisingly till now, escaped serious research attention. The junction is a key region in the life of plants, as it connects two contrasting plant life environments and involves important changes in developmental programs - underground vs aboveground. The junction in angiosperms is first established during the embryogenesis phase of development in the form of the broad embryonic root- hypocotyl transition region, and it continues to develop further after seed germination during the individual's growth. The most important organ in this process is the hypocotyl, which exhibits considerable developmental plasticity, allowing extraordinary elongation in etiolated dark growth but also initiating formation of adventitious roots upon the deetiolation. During each stage of the junction's development, auxin signalling and polar auxin transport play a crucial role. Most of the research focuses on the development of the junction in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. The significance of the phylogenetic origin of the junction is also discussed from the perspective of the evolutionary origin of roots vs shoots and embryos evolution. This work aims to provide an overview of the...
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The importance of experiential education in nursing program at the university
Melicharová, Anna ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (referee)
The importance of experiential education in the higher education of nurses is a topic that deserves to be treated, but unfortunately in the Czech Republic it is basically unexplored compared to abroad. Hence, in the discussion, the results of the research investigation within this bachelor thesis were compared only with foreign studies. The main aim of the bachelor thesis is to document the findings on the impact of experiential learning on the quality of teaching of subjects where this teaching method is used in the study of nursing. Furthermore, to document the findings on the positives and negatives of the experiential learning method from the perspective of nursing students and to map the subjective perceptions and benefits of experiential learning by nursing students. The bachelor thesis has two parts. The theoretical part focuses on defining the experiential education system and its different components. At the same time, teaching methods typical of higher education are defined. The practical part focuses on quantitative research in the form of a self-constructed survey, focusing on the teaching of communication in undergraduate nursing education. The respondents in this case were students of Nursing at selected universities. The evaluation of the questionnaire survey demonstrated the...
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Study of intestinal transporters and their role in drug absorption
Huličiak, Martin ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee) ; Chládek, Jaroslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Training Workplace Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Doctoral Degree Program Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate Mgr. Martin Huliciak Supervisor Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Lukas Cerveny, PhD. Advisor PharmDr. Ivan Vokral, PhD. Title of Doctoral Thesis Study of intestinal transporters and their role in drug absorption Oral drug administration is a widely accepted method due to its convenience and cost- effectiveness, with the small intestine playing a crucial role in drug absorption, thus affecting bioavailability and serving as a potential site for drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Efflux drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2), along with metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) at the intestinal barrier, significantly contribute to DDIs. Risk factors for DDIs include comorbidities, advanced age, and polypharmacotherapy. People living with HIV requiring antiretroviral therapy (ART) are particularly susceptible to DDIs, especially when co-infected with HCV. Antivirals, commonly used in ART and in the treatment of HCV infection, can interact with efflux transporters and CYP enzymes, affecting drug efficacy and safety. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on the DDIs of...
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Analysis of Dubičná landslide - slope stability and soil mechanical properties
Pospíchal, Vojtěch ; Jerman, Jan (advisor) ; Racek, Ondřej (referee)
Diploma thesis Bc. Vojtěch Pospíchal Analysis of slope movement Dubičná - mechanical properties of mudstones and stability ratios ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the stability conditions of the Dubičná landslide area, which is located at the contact of two regional geological units of the Czech Cretaceous Basin and the Bohemian Central Highlands. It compares the mechanical properties of the mudstones of the Březno Formation, which were obtained through laboratory tests, with the results from another landslide site, Prackovice, where very similar geological and morphological conditions occur. Determination of critical and residual strength is essential for determining slope stability. For this purpose, laboratory tests were carried out and at the same time correlation relations were tested, which can predict strength parameters based on index parameters. Furthermore, the geometry of the landslide area with seasonal variations of the groundwater level was created. The obtained parameters and geometries were used to calculate the stability in the Plaxis program. The factor of safety is around 1, depending on the height of the groundwater level.
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Pain monitoring and relief in pediatric patients after atrial septal defect surgery with sternotomy
Demjanová, Monika ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Vlachová, Marie (referee)
Pain after cardiac surgery to correct developmental defects in pediatric patients is one of the most common nursing problems that affect overall recovery after surgery. This bachelor's thesis on "Monitoring and pain control in pediatric patients after atrial septal defect surgery with sternotomy" discusses in detail in the theoretical part about developmental heart defects, how they are diagnosed and treated, and the pain that accompanies postoperative recovery during hospitalization. The empirical part of the bachelor's thesis considers the results of quantitative research, and Mircosoft Excel and Statistica 14 software were used for their statistical and graphical evaluation. The research method chosen was retrospective data collection from the patient records of the Children's Cardiac Centre of the 2nd Faculty of Medicine of and Motol University Hospital. The aim of the study was to determine to what extent certain factors (gender, hospitalization with a parent, presence of chest drains and CRP level) influence the experience of pain in pediatric patients after cardiac surgery. The conclusion of the paper discusses the evaluation of the results of the research and points out the differences in pain experience mainly based on gender and the presence of chest drains after surgery, but also the...
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Covid-19: vaccination, undergoing illness and post-Covid syndrome
Fořtová, Karolína ; Urbánková Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Aim: The aim of this thesis is to firstly introduce the reader to the theoretical part of Covid-19 disease and in the experimental part to investigate the vaccination rate of the respondents, the prevalence of the disease, the symptoms of the disease, the prevalence of post-Covid syndrome, or the involvement of specific organ systems in post-Covid syndrome. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate the influence of individual factors (age, sex, active smoking, BMI, comorbidities, vaccination, virus variant) on the course of the disease and post- Covid syndrome. Methods: The questionnaire study included 752 respondents of both genders and of all ages. Data collection was conducted within the Czech Republic between June 2023 and January 2024. MS Excel was used for statistical evaluation and Power Bl was used for data visualization. Results: 84.18% of the respondents were vaccinated. 72.61% of the respondents underwent Covid-19 and most of them became ill in the vaccine-free state (52.20%). The most common symptoms were severe fatigue (62.09%), increased temperature/fever (62.27%), muscle and joint pain (56.96%) and headache (56.04%). Post-Covid syndrome was/is suffered by 62 respondents (11.36%) and the most affected organ systems were lungs (46.77%), nervous system (32.26%), senses (30.65%), muscles...
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Biotransformation of plant secondary metabolites and their modulatory effects on drug-metabolizing enzymes
Šadibolová, Michaela ; Boušová, Iva (advisor) ; Soukup, Ondřej (referee) ; Anzenbacherová, Eva (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Training Workplace Department of Biochemical Sciences Doctoral Degree Program Xenobiochemistry and Pathobiochemistry Candidate Mgr. Michaela Šadibolová Supervisor Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Iva Boušová, Ph.D. Advisor Title of Doctoral Thesis Biotransformation of plant secondary metabolites and their modulatory effects on drug-metabolizing enzymes Sesquiterpenes and prenylflavonoids represent two classes of plant secondary metabolites that form an inherent part of human diet. They exert many beneficial biological activities, and accordingly, they are used as active constituents of herbal products. However, as xenobiotics, they also interact with a battery of drug-metabolizing enzymes and can in turn modulate their activity and/or expression, which may lead to herb-drug interactions. Sesquiterpenes and prenylflavonoids mentioned in this dissertation have been under-researched in this aspect. Three acyclic sesquiterpenes (farnesol, cis-nerolidol, trans-nerolidol) and three cyclic sesquiterpenes (α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide) activated gene transcription mediated by pregnane X receptor; however, they did not alter the mRNA or protein expression of their downstream targets, namely cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and CYP2C, neither did...
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Utilization of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of paracetamol, amoxicillin, and doxycycline
Hrašková, Hana ; Kubíčková, Anna (advisor) ; Sobotníková, Jana (referee)
In this study, a method was developed for the simultaneous determination of three pharmaceutical compounds: amoxicillin, doxycycline, and paracetamol. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was employed for the separation. A Kinetex column C18 measuring 100×2,1 mm with a particle size of 1,7 μm was used as the stationary phase. The optimal method was run in gradient mode with a total analysis time of 5 minutes. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of component A, containing acetonitrile with 0,1% formic acid, and component B, comprising deionized water with 0,1% formic acid. The separation conditions in the column varied according to the following gradient program: 0 - 1,0 min: 10% A (v/v); 1,0 - 1,5 min: 10% → 65% A (v/v); 1,5 - 2,0 min: 65% A (v/v); 2,0 - 2,5 min 65%→10% A (v/v); 2,5 - 5,0 min 10% A (v/v). The pH of the mobile phase was maintained at 2,8. The flow rate was set at 0,3 ml/min, column temperature was maintained at 25řC, and the autosampler temperature was consistently held at 8řC. The injection volume was 1 μl, and analytes were detected using a diode array detector at a wavelength of 245 nm. Drug identification was conducted using a QDA detector set to positive mode with a mass range from 100,00 to 500,00 Da. The method was partially validated by constructing a...
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