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Caring for patients on High-Flow Nasal Oxygen therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic from the standard ward nurses perspective
Škodová, Tereza ; Arientová, Simona (advisor) ; Míca, Patrik (referee)
The thesis examines the experience of standard ward nurses in caring for COVID-19 positive patients who were on high flow oxygen (HFNO) support due to respiratory failure. The research was conducted in the Infectious Diseases Clinic Department at the Military University Hospital Prague where this treatment method was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. This thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with COVID-19 disease, HFNO therapy, AIRVO 2 divide and the primary care of patients during the pandemic. The practical part was conducted as quantitative research through a questionnaire survey and qualitative research through interviews with nurses. The main goal of the thesis was to find out how nurses of the standard ward perceive the care of patients requiring HFNO support and also to find out whether it is appropriate and adequate for the nurses to have these patients hospitalized in the standard ward department. Key words: HFNO therapy, COVID-19, standard ward, nurses, experience
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Changes in ventilatory parameters in survivors after severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia
Kulhánková, Adéla ; Gojda, Jan (advisor) ; Mlček, Mikuláš (referee)
Background and Aims COVID-19 disease can cause severe bilateral pneumonia which manifests as a restrictive pulmonary disease in the post-acute phase, raising the question of whether this post-acute impairment may persist and lead to long-term consequences. The aim of this thesis was to find out whether patients in the post- acute phase of COVID-19 suffer from respiratory disorders and possibly whether these disorders persist even after 6 months, using the analysis of spirometry data, such as vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and Tiffeneau index (FEV1/FVC). Methods A retrospective analysis of the prospective cohort COMETA study examining patients with confirmed bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia was conducted. 42 patients were examined at baseline in the post-acute phase of COVID-19 (visit A) and 36 of them participated also in the examination after 6 months (visit C). The Student's t- test was used to compare parameters with a normal distribution. For the parameters with non-normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney test was used. Results At the baseline, the median VC and FVC were below 80 % of their predicted values. A statistically significant improvement over the course of 6 months was observed for the VC of males (Δ median 0.7900, p <0.01) and females (Δ mean 0.4692 p < 0.05) and FVC of...
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High flow nasal oxygen therapy as an alternative to mechanical ventilation in COVID+ patients in intensive care
Čermáková, Radka ; Juřena, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Ďásková, Pavla (referee)
Keywords: Oxygen therapy; Artificial lung ventilation; High-flow; Covid-19; Treatment of respiratory disease This thesis deals with supportive respiratory, ventilation, and non-invasive techniques of respiratory support related to the global Covid-19 pandemic that affected the lives of many people between 2020 and 2021. During this pandemic, high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (High- flow) emerged as a possible alternative to artificial lung ventilation in Covid-positive patients. The thesis addresses the issues related to the high-flow device, the experiences of nurses with it, and whether it can be an alternative to artificial lung ventilation for Covid-positive patients in intensive care. The theoretical part characterizes topics such as oxygen therapy, artificial lung ventilation, high-flow, Covid-19, treatment of respiratory disease, and the Hacor score. The empirical part is based on two conducted quantitative studies. The aim of the first quantitative survey was to determine whether the nurses are familiar with the high-flow device, its principles, usage, and whether they have received sufficient training on this device. The second quantitative survey aimed to illustrate the ventilation modes used in all hospitalized patients who underwent artificial lung ventilation or high-flow therapy to...
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Where did people die? An international assessment of a potentially positive relationship between economic development and the severity of COVID-19 outbreaks
Marigo, Jean-Baptiste ; Bertoli, Paola (advisor) ; Semerák, Vilém (referee)
This paper studies the relationship between development and COVID-19 severity at the country level, expressed as total deaths per million inhabitants. The original perspective of this work is to consider that economic development factors could have a causal effect on COVID-19 deaths, instead of studying the inverse relationship. Bayesian Model Averaging procedures are used to select the most relevant predictors from a set of 21 candidate variables, using cross-sectional data from 01/01/2020 to 10/30/2022. This method solves the uncertainty issue on a topic where many potential factors could be included. In the end, four variables are selected based on their statistical significance, on the size of their standard deviation, and on other interpretability considerations. Ranked by order of importance, these predictors are the median age, overweight prevalence, democracy index, and (hydroxy)chloroquine variables, although the latter suffers from certain weaknesses. As three of these variables are characteristic of development, these robust results suggest that as a country develops, it becomes more vulnerable to outbreaks such as the COVID-19 one. This paper therefore concludes that public health policies should focus on these variables to mitigate the impact of development on the severity of future...
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The Effect of Face Masks on Covid Transmission: A Meta-Analysis
Lušková, Martina ; Havránková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Bertoli, Paola (referee)
The effect of face masks on Covid-19 transmission is crucial for the health of populations. Nevertheless, its economic consequences cannot be overlooked. To perform a quantitative meta-analysis, 258 estimates from 44 primary studies were collected together with more than 30 variables mirroring the differences among the studies. Publication bias was examined by implementing various statistical tests resulting in mild evidence for the phenomenon. We contribute to other meta-analyses on the topic by employing the Bayesian and Frequen- tist model averaging to identify the drivers behind the heterogeneity of the estimates. The results suggest that temperature, geographical latitude, and panel data structure have a highly statistically significant and positive effect on the risk of transmission associated with mask-wearing. Moreover, a pos- itive effect was identified for healthcare set-up. In contrast, performing an aerosol-generating procedure shifts the risk in the negative direction. JEL Classification I1, I11, I19, Keywords meta-analysis, Covid-19, face masks, pan- demic, Covid-19 transmission, publication bias, Bayesian model averaging Title The Effect of Face Masks on Covid Transmis- sion: A Meta-Analysis
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Follow-up of patiens after COVID-19 monoclonal antibodies administration
Minaříková, Jiřina ; Zimčíková, Eva (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Tereza (referee)
Follow-up of patients after COVID-19 monoclonal antibodies administration Author: Jiřina Minaříková Supervisor: PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Petra Rozsívalová Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Keywords: COVID-19, coronavirus, monoclonal antibodies, casirivimab and imdevimab, REGN-COV2 Introduction: At height of COVID-19 pandemic surge of Delta variant, monoclonal antibodies became a vital treatment option for SARS-CoV-2 positive outpatients at high risk of severe disease progression. Casirivimab and imdevimab (C/I) were used as an unauthorised medicinal product REGN-COV2 under European Medicines Agency emergency use authorisation (EUA). There was paucity of real-world data on safety and effectiveness. Objective: The study aimed to describe REGN-COV2 drug safety, self-reported symptom burden in SARS-CoV-2 positive outpatients within 90 days post C/I infusion. Methods: Prospective multicentric study of SARS-CoV-2 positive outpatients with mild symptoms at high-risk of severe COVID-19 progression (defined criteria under EUA authorization for C/I ambulatory administration) was conducted from September 2021 till April 2022 in three teaching hospitals in Czech Republic and Slovakia. The data collected...
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Comparison of the communication of the Czech government's anti-pandemic measures in the Czech Television and the daily Blesk
Dušková, Lucie ; Klabíková Rábová, Tereza (advisor) ; Miessler, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyses the communication of two major Czech media during the health crisis - the covid-19 pandemic. The thesis focuses on the first wave of the pandemic and through a comparative analysis examines the content of the public television broadcaster- Czech Television and the tabloid Blesk. The aim of the thesis is to find out how these two different media outlets presented key messages concerning anti-pandemic measures, and especially how they framed the messages. The theoretical part draws on the literature on media communication and briefly defines related concepts such as media function, construction of reality in the media, agenda setting and framing, then describes the differences between tabloid and news coverage and introduces the media studied. The thematic focus of the research follows the communication of the media in an unprecedented situation; therefore, the thesis further focuses on the role of the media in times of crisis, focusing on the extraordinary situation of the covid- 19 pandemic. The thesis then describes the research methodology in which I will present the methods used and the aim of the research. The methodology is followed by the analytical part, which is based on a content analysis of media messages related to anti-pandemic measures. The thesis then tries to...
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