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Use of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for Determination of Selected Analgetics in Water
Čapka, Lukáš ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
From viewpoint of environmental analysis in the whole world became popular in the latest years the question of drugs’ breakthrough to the component of environment. These contami-nants belong to the biological active compounds, with different physical-chemical and biolog-ical properties and evince great tendency to bioaccumulation. They penetrate to the environ-ment because of their increasing of usage and wrong techniques of liquidation. The most often use drugs are preparations against pain – analgetics, and from this category there are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The frequent usage of this compounds relate to their easy accessibility. From this large group of compounds was chosen for monitoring: diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, salicylic acid, naproxen and acetaminophen; because they include in favorite preparations. The monitoring matrix was the wastewater from two waste water treat-ment plants (WWTP). The sampling was performed in inflow and outflow because the com-paring of concentration of selected contaminants and discovering of efficiency of removing the polutants reliance on treatment technology. For extraction of selected contaminants was used solid phase extraction (SPE) and for determination was used capillary zone electrophore-sis (CZE) with diode array detection (DAD). There was identified and quantified all of se-lected analgetics in inflow and so in outflow of WWTP. That means, this polutants infuse into surface water and then into other components of environment.
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Treatment of pain with a focus on output / / and use of strong opioid analgesics / / in the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute in Brno
Hofmanová, Jindříška ; Višňovský, Peter (advisor) ; Dostálová, Vlasta (referee)
Treatment of pain with a view to usage of potent opioid analgetics in Masaryk memorial cancer institute in Brno. The content of this work is evaluation of treatment of pain with a view to usage of potent opioid analgetics in Masaryk memorial cancer institute in Brno. Theoretical section is devoted to treatment of pain. Pain influences the quality of life in a fundamental way and that is why we necessarily must pay attention to pain and we must efficiently calm pain. In the theoretical section there are mentioned definition of pain, anatomical and physiological aspects of pain, aspects of diagnostics and evaluation of pain and epidemiology of pain. The literature search is mostly aimed to treatment of pain - especially to pharmacotherapy, but also other possibilities of interference of pain are mentioned - for example analgetic radiotherapy, invasive procedures, aplication of radioisotopes or psychotherapy. Pain is phenomenon, which has its somatic, psychologic and social component and therefore treatment of pain is multidisciplinary mission, which requires complex solution. Treatment of pain has to be always suited to individual patient. Aim of pain treatment is not only reduction or elimination of pain, but mainly increasing of patient's quality of life and patient's return to full-value life. In...
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Prevention of back pain in adults using a computer
Žbánková, Marie ; Ježková, Martina (advisor) ; Smolíková, Libuše (referee)
Computers in modern times have become part of our lives, but apart from benefits they bring many medical complications as well. This paper provides a brief overview of existing knowledge and studies, dealing with back pain in the adult population working with computers. In the theoretical part, the emphasis is on prevention and treatment of back pain, which is very intertwined. The practical part presents the results of research, which had the form of a checklist answered by 50 men and 73 women. The results show high prevalence of back pain of computer users, many differences are to be found in the characteristics of pain of men and women, ages and dependence of pain intensity on movement habits of respondents. The work points to the significance of the problem, which is important for the society. It stresses the need for an active approach of computer users and their employers. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Handling with injured birds in rescue centres
HROMÁDKO, David
Birds are the most frequent patients in rescue stations. Vehicular traffic, glass - fronted areas, power lines and also illegal hunting they all endanger birds in modern countryside. Thanks to rescue stations lots of birds injured in this way or ill ones are cured up and returned back to the wild. Thus rescue stations have a very important role in nature reservation as well as in ecological education. Presented work evaluates extent, means and success rate of handling and treatment of injured birds in rescue stations. The data concerning handling, treatment and aftereffects of the accidents of some injured and handicapped birds were found out in the following rescue stations: Záchranná stanice Třeboň při Českém nadačním fondu pro vydru (Rescue Station Třeboň under Czech Charitable Fund for the Otter), Stanice ochrany fauny Pavlov, o.p.s (Station for Fauna Protection in Pavlov, Social Enterpreneurship), Záchranná stanice pro zraněné živočichy na Huslíku u Poděbrad (Rescue Station for Injured Animals in Huslík near Podebrady) and Záchranná stanice pro živočichy ČSOP Vlašim (Rescue Station for Animals of the Czech Federation of Nature Protectors Vlašim). The numerical trend of the most common types of injuries was also carried out and in this case records of the rescue stations from 2008 2014 were used as the base. Each of the rescue stations has its own ways of treatment and handling the injured birds which sometimes differ from the ones in other stations. Some stations do not have any experience with some kinds of injuiries. The worst therapy is to cure poisoned birds and those burnt by electric current and poisoning. The most common cause of the receipt of birds in the mentoined stations was the hospital admission of non- independent young animals.
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Postpoliomyelitis syndrome - etiology and RHB treatment options
Mejsnarová, Alena ; Demeková, Júlia (advisor) ; Kobesová, Alena (referee)
The bachelor thesis called "Postpoliomyelitis syndrome - etiology and RHB treatment options" deals with issues of this illness, officially recognized as a separate diagnosis until less than thirty years ago. The postpoliomyelitis syndrome can develop in individuals who have experienced poliomyelitis, an infectious viral disease affecting cells of the spinal anterior horns, in their childhood or youth. The main symptoms of this syndrome are: muscle weakness, increased fatigue, muscle and joint pain. They usually appear after a period lasting at least 15 years after primary infection, during which the health state of these individuals is relatively stable. The thesis presents a wide range of pathophysiological processes responsible for the etiology of these so-called late effects of polio. It also deals with the clinical picture, diagnosis and reflects the mental condition of the affected individuals. A large part of this thesis is addressed to therapy of postpolio syndrome, especially rehabilitation, which is an important part of comprehensive care of these patients. It is a literature retrieval of available, mostly foreign sources, dealing with this topic. Also one case report is described at the end of the theoretical part. It includes medical history, examination and treatment of a patient with...
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Structure and fatigue properties of selected titanium alloy
Prudíková, Alena ; Kohout, Jan (referee) ; Věchet, Stanislav (advisor)
Main topic of the thesis was to evaluate fatigue properties of the titanium alloy Ti-A13-V2,5, labelled by ASTM as Grade 9. Most attention was focused on fatigue behaviour of the alloy in the range of high cycle fatigue. Fatigue testing was realised to detect the fatigue properties and consequently to generate the Wöhler curve and the Haigh diagram. In addition to this, tension and bending tests were performed. Metallographic and fractographic analyses of fatigue fracture form part of the overview about material properties, which was accomplished by use of REM. Experimental part of the thesis was backed by the literature research. The first half of it contains a short summary of basic information about the titanium and its alloys, so as some chapters about the history and properties of titanium, the way of its production, classification of titanium alloys and its thermic treatment. The fatigue is thoroughly scrutinised in the second half of the background research. Here can also be found the information about the fatigue process, its stages, the fatigue life and the most significant attributes of the fatigue fracture. The last chapters of the thesis are dedicated to the alloy Ti-A13-V2,5 - being examined in the experimental part - so as to its fatigue properties. The main benefit of this thesis is the completion of the missing information concerning the fatigue behaviour of the alloy, which is – according to the literature research - generally not available.
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Resocialization of offenders of drug related crime
JANOUCHOVÁ, Veronika
The bachelor{\crq}s treatise ``Resocialization of offenders of drug related crime{\crqq} deals with the issue of the criminal activity associated with drugs and possibilities of integration of the offenders of these criminal acts back into the society, first of all in co-operation with the Probation and Mediation Service of the CR. The drug related crime and the drug dependence are among the most important socially pathological phenomena and they shall be seen in the social context. The importance of the resocialization consists in the social integration of those persons which is conditioned by acquiring or renewal of social skills and accepting shared social standards. The so-called drug related crime may be understood in the narrow as well as broader sense. The first case involves criminal activities of the not permitted production and holding the narcotics and psychotropic substances and toxins pursuant § 187, § 187 a, § 188 of the Criminal Law and the criminal act of spreading addiction pursuant § 188a of the Criminal Law. In the second case the concern is all the criminal activity in the scope of which the drugs play a certain part (criminal acts on property, violent offences). Besides the criminal acts suppression, in these cases alternative measures and alternative punishments shall play a very important part as they can represent a very suitable step to the mentioned resocialization. The Probation and Mediation Service has been working on the territory of the Czech Republic since 1st January 2001. The theoretical part of the thesis deals at the beginning with the social context of drugs, development and contemporary state of the criminal and anti-drug policy in the Czech society, moreover it informs of the alternatives of imposing the punishment of imprisonment including the therapy. The conclusion of the theoretical part includes summary of the activity of the Probation and Mediation Service of the CR including the presentation of alternatives other than the direct imprisonment. The research part of the thesis involves the qualitative study of positives and problems associated with the execution of punishment by work beneficial to society of drug related crime offenders. Moreover it involves the analysis of the annual reports and materials of the Probation and Mediation Service of CR. The author would like to contribute to the understanding of the activity of the Probation and Mediation Service of CR and to outline the possible treatment of the situation of drug related crime offenders.
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Preoperative rehabilitative preparation provided by a nurse
SOUKUPOVÁ, Pavla
Summary The bachelor thesis {\clqq}Preoperative Rehabilitation Provided by a Nurse`` is a research project. The thesis is devided into two parts theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I deal with the branch of gynaecology, gynaecological surgeries, gynaecological treatment as well as the role of nurse working in a surgical gynaecology ward. Further I pay the attention to preoperative preparation and immobilization syndrom. Preoperative rehabilitation, however, forms the most essential part of the thesis.I am concerned with the prevention of postoperative complications occurance and practice of particular rehabilitation excercising. The practical part contains quantitative research provided by the technique of two questionnares ( for both nurses and clients), in which I try to confirm specified hypotheses related to project goals setting. The hypothesis 1 : {\clqq}The nurses in a surgical gynaecology ward don´t train postoperative rehabilitation practice with a client`` was confirmed but the hypothesis 2 : {\clqq}The reason for disusing postoperative rehabilitation by clients is non-practising rehabilitation in preoperative time`` wasn´t confirmed. During the research period there were distributed 156 questionnaires, 56 for nurses and the rest (100 questionnaires) for women after heavy gynaecological surgery. 139 questionnaires turned back , the rate of return was 89 %. The total set of acceptable and thoroughly completed questionnaires was formed by 51 questionnaires from nurses and 81 questionnaires from clients.
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Prevention of complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Griger, Dávid ; Sedláček, Pavel (advisor)
Cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for symptomatic cholecystolithiasis , because it removes the authority which is the birthplace of biliary stones and also participates in the development of complications from gallstones result . The development of new surgical techniques - laparoscopic cholecystectomy sake of randomness has been rapid technological development of modern medicine, improvement primarily optical and instrumentation. Carl Langenbuch performed the first cholecystectomy in Berlin , Germany, , 1882. 100 years later , in 1985 , Erich Mühe performed the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Germany. By 1992 it was already 90 % cholecystectomies in the United States carried out laparoscopically . (1) Compared with open cholecystectomy , laparoscopic approach dramatically decreased the time hospitalization , postoperative pain and the time required for recovery. However, the rapid adoption of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as the gold standard treatment of symptomatic gallstones were associated with the incidence of perioperative complications. It was especially the increase in incidence of extrahepatic biliary tract injury . this injury and now represents the most serious complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy . (9, 10) At the beginning of the 90s there was a huge advances in both the...
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Michalská, Dana ; Štěpán, Jan (advisor) ; Stárka, Luboslav (referee) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee)
Microdamage of bone tissue is one of important aspects of quality of bone. Marked suppression of bone turnover by bisphosphonates is associated with increased accumulation of bone microdamage in animal models. The purpose of our study was to test the hypothesis that long-term treatment with alendronate (ALN) results in accumulation of microdamage in bone in women after menopause and in that case to impairment of bone quality. In this cross-sectional study, 66 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (mean age of 68.0 years, mean BMD T-score of - 1.7 at total hip and -2.8 at lumbar spine; 62% with prevalent fractures) were evaluated. Thirtyeight had been treated previously with ALN (10 mg/day for a mean duration of 63.6 months) while 28 were treatment naive (TN). Before initiation of ALN treatment, mean serum PINP, plasma CTX, and OC were significantly increased as compared with reference values in premenopausal women (P< 0.05). After 6 months of ALN treatment, the mean of biochemical bone markers indicated significant suppression of bone remodeling (-70.5%, -84.1%, and - 67.3% for PINP, CTX and OC, respectively; P< 0.05). After 43 months of ALN treatment, markers of degradation and synthesis of type 1 collagen were below the lower limit of normal reference range in 50% of women treated with ALN. Without...
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