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Investigation of changes in epigenetic modofications in rat brain induced by morphine treatment
Hronová, Anna ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Roubalová, Lenka (referee)
This study addressed the impact of varying lengths of abstinence periods on the epitranscriptomic modification of m6 A and the enzymes involved in this modification as well as on transcription factors in the brains of morphine-dependent rats. The methods used included a colorimetric kit to determine m6 A levels and Western blotting to quantify the levels of enzymes and transcription factors. The results showed that different lengths of morphine abstinence did not have a significant effect on m6 A modification, suggesting that this pathway was likely not influenced by morphine abstinence. However, significant changes were observed in the levels of enzymes involved in the regulation of m6 A, which were localized and time-specific, without a clear trend. Examination of transcriptional regulators ∆FosB and MeCP2 also revealed significant changes only in certain parts of the brain and at specific times, but without a clear trend in changes in levels. The outcome of this study is that the dynamics of transcriptional regulators, N6 -methyl-adenosine, and enzymes involved in m6 A modification are localized and time-specific, opening new questions regarding the mechanisms that govern neurobiological processes during the abstinence period.
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Escherichia coli-induced central nervous system infection and its impact to neurotransmitters' signaling in the host brain.
Lokočová, Gabriela ; Luptáková, Dominika (advisor) ; Krempaská, Katarína (referee)
Dissemination of microbial pathogens to the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most severe and life-threatening complications of neurological disorders, especially in neonates. Microbial pathogen-induced CNS meningitis and encephalitis develop through several steps of host-pathogen interactions, including a high level of bacteremia (bacterial blood count >103 mL-1 ), mucosal colonization by the pathogen, microbial invasion of the intravascular space, and inoculation into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leading to penetration of CNS barriers and inflammation of meninges and brain parenchyma. Neuroinfectious diseases are associated with acute changes in mental and motor function that are followed by chronic neurological dysfunction that can persist long after the recovery from the infection event. Increased expression of cytokines and chemokines by brain cells and CNS compartment-dependent infiltration of leukocytes and neutrophils modulate brain metabolism and function via an effect on neuronal signaling by neurotransmitters. This work aims to summarize the current knowledge about the CNS infections induced by Escherichia coli and brain region-specific neuromodulatory changes with focus on the glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic pathway that may be further involved in host's...
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Development of left-right asymmetry of the vertebrate brain
Černá, Barbora ; Soukup, Vladimír (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
The left-right asymmetry of the internal organization of an individual occurs across the animal kingdom and represents a deeply conserved trait. This internal asymmetry involves various organ systems, including the brain. Left-right asymmetry in the brains of vertebrates can be found in the size, shape, or neural lateralization of brain regions. The developmental process governing these asymmetries involves complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Understanding these mechanisms and their interrelationships is crucial for further studying this phenomenon. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) serves as a fundamental model organism for investigating brain asymmetry, demonstrating morphological asymmetry of the epithalamus and the development of its establishment from initial symmetry disruption in the body to functional asymmetry in the brain, with an emphasis on the role of the Nodal signaling pathway in regulating this asymmetry. Understanding the development of brain asymmetry and its regulation in vertebrates may provide insight into neurological disorders associated with this phenomenon and contribute to uncovering the evolutionary history of the brain, its adaptive capabilities, and responses to different environments.
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Cognitive Game Battery: Assessing and Identifying Deficits in Memory, Attention, Problem-Solving, and Decision-Making Skills
Češka, Ondřej ; Malik, Aamir Saeed (referee) ; Hussain, Yasir (advisor)
Cílem této práce je neinvazivní posouzení vybraných kognitivních domén (pozornost, paměť, rozhodování) pomocí nové mobilní aplikace vyvinuté za tímto účelem. Posuzování kognitivních nedostatků je důležité pro prevenci neurokognitivních poruch. Byly analyzovány existující posuzovací úlohy a na jejich základě byla navržena a úspěšně implementována kognitivní herní baterii sestávající ze 3 mobilních her. Aplikace je určena pro platformu Android a byla vyvinuta v Unity engine. Byl vytvořen systém pro sběr a uchovávání herních dat a jejich následné zhodnocení za pomoci cloudové dostupnosti. Jeho spolehlivost byla posouzena na základě vlastního sběru dat a poznatků existujících studií. Vyvinutá aplikace přináší jiný pohled na posuzování kognitivních nedostatků, porovnává uživatelem dosažené skóre s ostatními hráči a poskytuje mu detailní zpětnou vazbu.
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Support of self-regulation throughtprogram of socio-emotional learning at elementary
Jánská, Adriana ; Felcmanová, Lenka (advisor) ; Tirpák, Jan (referee)
Stress has been a part of humanity since its origin, nevertheless, due to the recent pandemic the interest in this topic has dramatically increased. The theoretical part of the thesis "Support of self-regulation through a program of socio-emotional learning at elementary school" gives an introduction to brain functions and stress. A strong emphasis is put on methods about how to reduce stress and preventive programs focused on well-being in schools. The theoretical part also includes a chapter dealing with trauma that can be caused by severe negative stress experiences in childhood or adulthood. The thesis aims to determine whether the use of the RRRR methodology contributes to the improvement of the child's stress management strategies. A mixed design, i.e., a combination of qualitative and quantitative research, was chosen to meet the objectives of this thesis. Action research was chosen as the main method and was conducted in a 6th grade of primary school. For data collection, the researcher's classroom observation method was chosen during the implementation of activities selected from the RRRR methodology, specifically from the part for grades 4-5 and grades 6-7 in primary school. In addition, a questionnaire completed by students in the research and control classes before and after the...
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Measurement of biological signals with Bipack system
Brudík, Vladislav ; Hlaváček, Antonín (referee) ; Valla, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with questions of sensing electrical brain activity by electroencephalograph, and the data processing. Theoretical part is focused on brain, it's anatomy and functions. It also deals with biological signals, types of curves and systems used for measuring EEG curves. For purpose of signal processing it's been designed application software with GUI interface. This application software displays EEG curves, significant frequency ranges, frequency spectrum and filtered areas of characteristic waves.
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Influence of PbO and CdO nanoparticles on particular physiological functions in mouse.
Svozilová, Eva ; Vrlíková, Lucie (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor´s thesis is to assess the long-term effects of inhalation of nanoparticles of lead oxide and cadmium oxide on the weight of selected organs of experimental white mice. The selected organs (spleen, liver, kidney, lungs, brain) were successively collected during a period of thirteen weeks. The effect of inhalation of both metal oxides was statistically evaluated. In both study groups of the experiment (PbO and CdO), the relation between organs weight and the length of inhalation and the relation between organs weight and inhalation of differing metal concentrations were evaluated, and results both of the study groups were compared to each other.
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Segmentation of the basic parts of human brain in MR data
Klásek, Pavel ; Jiřík, Radovan (referee) ; Malínský, Miloš (advisor)
This work describes segmentation methods used in image data processing, from which there are selected and implemented suitable methods for solving the assignment of segmentation parts of human brain – region growing and watershed algorithm. Segmentation techniques are realized on real data sources. Final segmentation results are presented, compared and evaluated accordig to the advanced software FreeSurfer segmentation results. In addition there is a list of available software that can be applied for the purpose of neurological image segmentation.
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Determination of lead in lung and brain samples of experimental mice after the inhalation of nanoparticles
Demydenko, Yana ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vašinová Galiová, Michaela (advisor)
Lead is a heavy toxic metal whose nanoparticles are present in the air due to combustion processes. Data on the safe concentration of lead nanoparticles for human health have not been sufficiently investigated. Previous studies in experimental mice have shown that inhalation of lead nanoparticles first damages lungs and kidneys, then liver, spleen and brain. With prolonged exposure, lead accumulates in the teeth and bones. This bachelor thesis is focused on monitoring of the lead content in lung and brain samples of experimental mice after different periods of nanoparticle inhalation. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to develop an analytical method for the determination of lead in biological samples using atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization (ET-AAS). In this work, a decomposition method for mineralization of the biological matrix in a microwave mineralizer was proposed, and a procedure for the determination of lead using ET-AAS was further developed. The determination of lead at 217 nm using the NH4H2PO4/Mg(NO3)2 matrix modifier was verified by analysis of certified reference materials. Analysis of organ samples from experimental mice confirmed the detoxification mechanism in exposed individuals with a dependence on the time since the end of inhalation of lead nanoparticles.
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Typing Using Brain Signals
Wagner, Lukáš ; Malinka, Kamil (referee) ; Tinka, Jan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focusses on the implementation of a brain-computer interface, programmed in Python language, that would enable to communicate using EEG. The thesis investigates and evaluates existing brain-computer interface technologies for this purpose. The thesis also explores the use of machine learning applied to the technology, in particular neural networks, which have proven to be one of the most accurate methods of EEG signal processing. Following that, 3 different systems are proposed and implemented, each on different paradigm of visually evoking EEG potential changes. These systems were tested with different signal classification approaches. Unfortunately, none of the systems proved to be useful in communication.
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