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Screening for Perinatal Mental Disorders
Horáková, Anna ; Šebela, Antonín (advisor) ; Urban, Kamila (referee)
Perinatal mental disorders are serious conditions that affect the mother, child, and the whole family. Identification of women at risk with screening instruments might attenuate the negative outcomes resulting from undetected, and thus untreated mental disorders. Abroad, the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) repeatedly showed good psychometric qualities for identification of women at risk of having postpartum depression (PPD) or perinatal anxiety disorders. Therefore, we administrated these two scales to women in the end of puerperium to assess their diagnostic accuracy and reliability and to identify the cut-off scores. Both scales showed high reliability; for the EPDS the Cronbach α was 0.863 and for the PASS it was 0.942. The EPDS showed the highest value of sensitivity (83%) for identification of PPD with the cutoff of ≥ 11. The PASS showed the best combination of sensitivity (86%) and specificity (72%) for identification of perinatal anxiety disorders with the cutoff of ≥ 26. Even though both scales showed relatively high specificity and negative predictive value, they also showed low positive predictive value (PPV; the likelihood that a person has a disorder when tested positive). However, the low PPVs may be tolerated in primary...
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Czech adaptation of the Death Attitude Profile Revised questionnaire
Horáková, Anna ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (advisor) ; Dragomirecká, Eva (referee)
The thesis describes the phenomenon of attitudes towards death, its types and possible influences and offers an overview of methods to measure attitudes towards death. The aim of the thesis is to create Czech items of the Death attitude profile revised questionnaire. The thesis verifies the reliability of individual factors of the Czech version, which reaches excellent values (α = 0.925) to acceptable values (α = 0.652) for individual factors. The thesis verifies the five- factor model, which reaches borderline values of acceptability and according to the results of exploratory factor analysis proposes research on modification of the model for the Czech version (omitting the first item and changing the loading of item 17 as a reverse item to the factor fear of death). The thesis also estimates the validity of the questionnaire by attempting to replicate the findings of previous studies dealing with the psychometric properties of the original questionnaire and its other adaptations. This involves the correlation of factors and differences in attitudes towards death by gender, age and religious-spiritual beliefs. The findings of earlier studies regarding differences between these groups have been largely replicated. Furthermore, the thesis presents a complementary analysis of qualitative data,...
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Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy as an adaptive mechanism
Svobodová, Tereza ; Fiurašková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Horáková, Anna (referee)
The subject of this thesis is nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, an accompanying phenomenon of pregnancy for most women around the world, which etiology and possible function is unknown. Some authors consider this phenomenon to be a by-product of pregnancy hormones or immunological changes occurring with the onset of pregnancy, while others attribute an adaptive function to it. An adaptive function would be suggested by the results of studies associating nausea and vomiting of pregnancy with a lower incidence of spontaneous abortion and with some other positive pregnancy outcomes. The two most discussed adaptive hypotheses include the "maternal and embryo protection hypothesis" and the "placental growth and development hypothesis". The aim of the thesis is to summarize and critically evaluate the findings of previous studies regarding the adaptive function of pregnancy nausea, to present them in the context of studies that perceive them as a by-product of hormones or immunological changes, to evaluate the support of hypotheses regarding their possible function and to suggest further research directions in this area.
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Anxiety and depressive-like behavior in TGF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease
Horáková, Anna ; Svoboda, Jan (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Patients with Alzheimer disease often report presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms even before the presence of cognitive decline itself. The most reported ones are anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, apathy and agitation. The aim of this work was to investigate the presence of anxiety- and depression-like behaviour, and eventually dysregulation of social behaviour and emotional memory impairment via behavioural approach on the TgF344-AD (tg) rat model. Results show that tg rats display anxiety-like behaviour in several different tests and parameters. Tg rats of the age of 10 months spent more time around the wall and less in the middle of the arena. Surprisingly, this anxiety-like phenotype has not been demonstrated in the older (14 months) rats. Tg rats spent also less time peeking out from closed arms and looking down from open arms. Moreover, tg rats displayed anxiety-like behaviour in all observed parameters in the Social interaction test. Social deficit expressed as a smaller investment of time into the anogenital and non- anogenital exploration and following of counterparts. In the Forced swim test, tg rats did not spend more time immobile, thus depression-like phenotype has not been demonstrated in these animals. Moreover, 10 months old tg rats spent surprisingly less time...
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Psychedelic experience and attitude towards death
Horáková, Anna ; Kočárová, Rita (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
Theoretical part of this bachelor thesis is focused on psychedelics substances and its effects. It focuses on the context of psychedelics experience and its relationship to psychedelics fenomenology specifically its course, quality, intensity and longterm changes in bahavior and experiencing. It focuses in more detail on mystical experience during pychedelic experience. This thesis also focuses on particular attitudes toward death, their meaning for an individual and his life. This Thesis present summary of factors which are related to specific attitude toward death and which may be ralated to specific fenomenology during psychedelic experience. Aim of this thesis is to find out if there is a relationship between psychedelic experience and attitude toward death. Design of this kvantitative research is focused on psychedelic users with psychedelic experience. Research uses Mystical Experience Questionnarie (MEQ), Challenging Experience Questionnarie (CEQ) and Death Attitude Profile - Revised (DAP-R) to fing out what psychedelic experience was experienced in uncotrolled kontext by non-clinical psychedelic users and tries to put this experience in a relationship with a attitude toward death. Research problem si focused on a connetcion between mystical experience induced by a psychedelic substance its...
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Executive Dysufnctions in the Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Horáková, Anna ; Rodriguez Manchola, Mabel Virginia (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Zuzana (referee)
Schizophrenia is from a considerable part genetically conditioned. One of the heritable characteristics of this disorder is a cognitive deficit, which is to the some point even detected in healthly siblings of individuals with schizophrenia. One of the cognitive deficits, which according to recent research is a candidate for its consideration as a specific heritable characteristic as well, is also executive dysfunction. Executive dysfunction is correlated with changes of functional connectivity in the specific neural circuits. In this bachelor thesis, the functional changes are discussed and are associated with results of neuropsychological tests. Submitted research proposal aims to replicate the executive dysfunction (specifically in the domains of inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility) of schizophrenics and their first-degree relatives. In the matter of replication of this result, executive dysfunction and its neural correlation might be considered as a valid endophenotype, potentially useful in diagnostics and prevention of this serious disorder. Keywords executive dysfunction, endophenotype, schizophrenia, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, MRI
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Characteristic of business environment of Colombia, cultural and business particularities
Hořáková, Anna ; Klosová, Anna (advisor) ; Gullová, Soňa (referee)
The aim of thesis is to provide a macroeconomic analysis of the business environment of Colombia that would allow Czech entities to better understand the fundamental characteristics of the Colombian market. After reading this document, the reader should get an overview of the Colombian business environment of political, economic, cultural and technological aspects. The work cover the topic of business relations between the Czech Republic and Colombia. Testimonies and experiences of Czech companies are included in the thesis. The map of strengths and weaknesses is created based on the collected information. Opportunities and threats from the perspective of the Czech business entity are identified
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The Foreign Trade Policy of Chile
Horáková, Anna ; Kašpar, Václav (advisor) ; Vošta, Milan (referee)
The Diploma thesis focuses on foreign trade policy of Chile. The first part is a brief summary of socio-economic characteristics of the country. The following section deals with the individual strategies in the approach to foreign trade policy applied in Chile since independence to the present. It exams the determinants of changes in foreign trade policy of Chile and monitors changes in territorial and commodity structure of the foreign trade of Chile. In the final section assesses the current situation of the Chilean economy through a SWOT analysis.
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