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Assessing Selected Indicators Using Statistical Methods
Doležel, David ; Michalíková, Eva (referee) ; Doubravský, Karel (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the assesment of financial situation of the company Gebauer a Griller Kabeltechnik, spol. s.r.o. by using financial analysis and statistical methods. The first part deals with the description of goals, methods and processing. The theoretical part provides information about financial analysis, regression analysis and time series. The practical part contains the analysis of the company using the methods described in the theoretical part. In the last part, with the help of the achieved results, are proposed own solutions to the found problems and shortcomings.
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Functional analysis of insect fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductases and desaturases
Tupec, Michal ; Pichová, Iva (advisor) ; Šulc, Miroslav (referee) ; Doležel, David (referee)
Fatty acid-derived lipids are an important class of biomolecules. In addition to their primary role in cellular architecture, energy storage and signaling, they function in many other ways, e.g. as isolating or waterproof coatings, defense compounds and pheromones. Multiple enzymes mod- ify intermediates originating from fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, including desaturases (FADs) which synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, and reductases (FARs) which synthesize fatty alcohols. Functionally highly diversified fatty acyl-modifying enzymes from insects, one of the most abun- dant animals in the world, present a significant source for modern biotechnology of cell factories. This thesis summarizes available information on the FADs and FARs and describes the results which we have obtained while studying them. In bumblebees, we identified several FAR transcripts which are abundantly expressed in male pheromone-producing tissue. We then functionally characterized the corresponding enzymes in yeasts, and estimated their participation in the biosynthesis of fatty alcohols observed in the mark- ing pheromone-producing tissue. The studied enzymes reduce broad range of substrates, from short fatty acyls (e.g. C14) to very long ones (e.g. C26), from saturated fatty acyls to polyunsatu- rated ones. We also found...
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Study of translation initiation factors of eIF4E protein family in relation to acute lymphoblastic leukemias and ontogenesis of Tribolium castaneum
Mrvová, Silvia ; Mašek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Doležel, David (referee) ; Čuřík, Nikola (referee)
Translation initiation is one of the key moment in the cell at which many translation initiation factors participate. This step must be carefully regulated not to waste energy. Also excess or lack of many proteins can lead to different diseases. Translation initiation factor eIF4E is important mainly because of its ability to bind a cap and eIF4G and therefore its role in translation initiation. There are three isoforms in human cells - eIF4E1, eIF4E2, eIF4E3. eIF4E1 has been the most studied isoform; however the attention nowadays is drawn to the other two and their functions in cells as well. Upregulation of eIF4E1 is connected with different types of tumors or malignancies. The role of eIF4E isoforms comes to the fore, there has been a research in many model organisms, for example D. melanogaster or C. elegans where the individual isoforms have a role in maturation of oocytes, in forming body axes etc. I focused on all three isoforms of eIF4E, their 3′-UTR regions in lymphoblastic leukemic cells and the utilization of polyadenylation signals of these transcripts because there were shown several types of post-transcriptional regulations, for example stabilization of transcripts by HuR protein. I characterized 3′-UTR regions of eIF4E1, eIF4E2 and eIF4E3 transcripts and confirmed utilization of...
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Dynamic of PER2 clock protein degradation detected by real time bioluminescence assay in the tissue explant of the circadian clock of mPER2Luc mouse
Stanislavová, Faustýna ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Doležel, David (referee)
Suprachiasmatic nuclei are the main oscillator of circadian rhythms. Using clock genes and their protein products (forming transcription-translation feedback loops), suprachiasmatic nuclei play an important role in the control of many physiological functions. Bioluminescence (the amount of hourly protein PER2) was measured by a method using transgenic organisms. In this work, cycloheximide was used to inhibit proteosynthesis and to subsequently monitor the degradation of PER2 in real time. The protein was then measured in explants of suprachiasmatic nuclei of adult mice, in suprachiasmatic nuclei of fetuses and in placentas. Furthermore, the effects of glycogen synthasykinase 3b inhibitors on the dynamics of PER2 protein degradation were compared. A selective inhibitor CHIR-99021 and a non-specific inhibitor lithium chloride were used. The experiment shows that the CHIR inhibitor slows down protein degradation in all tissues used. In contrast, the effect of a non-specific lithium chloride inhibitor has not been clearly demonstrated. In fetal nuclei, its effect on the dynamics of degradation was slowing, while in adult nuclei, degradation was significantly accelerated. No significant results were observed in placental explants. Research focusing on the influence of these clock genes, respectively...
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Assessing Selected Indicators Using Statistical Methods
Doležel, David ; Michalíková, Eva (referee) ; Doubravský, Karel (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the assesment of financial situation of the company Gebauer a Griller Kabeltechnik, spol. s.r.o. by using financial analysis and statistical methods. The first part deals with the description of goals, methods and processing. The theoretical part provides information about financial analysis, regression analysis and time series. The practical part contains the analysis of the company using the methods described in the theoretical part. In the last part, with the help of the achieved results, are proposed own solutions to the found problems and shortcomings.
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Molecular mechanisms of mammalian circadian clocks, its sensitivity to constant light and aging
Novosadová, Zuzana ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Doležel, David (referee) ; Mráz, Miloš (referee)
Many processes in mammalian body exhibit circadian rhythms. These rhythms are driven by an intricate system composed of the central pacemaker, suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the brain, which entrains the peripheral oscillators in various organs, such as pancreas, liver, colon and lungs. Circadian clocks are autonomously driven in each cell based on molecular circuits involving so called clock genes, such as BMAL, CLOCK, PER and CRY. Age- dependent impairment of physiological functions of mammalian body, such as behaviour and metabolic functions, has been well documented. However, it has not been fully elucidated whether the impairment is linked with worsening of the circadian clock function. The aim of our study was to find out whether i) aging affects basic properties of the circadian clock in SCN and peripheral organs, such as pancreas, colon, liver and lungs, ii) aging- induced changes in glucose homeostasis affect the properties of the circadian clock in the pancreas, and iii) the sensitivity of circadian clock in SCN and peripheral organs to disturbances in environmental lightning conditions is altered during aging. We used groups of adult (9 months) and aged (25 months) animals which were subjected to 3 different light regimes, namely to light/dark regime (LD 12:12), constant light (LL) and...
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Plasticity of circadian rhythms of the common bed bug
Čejková, Lada ; Balvín, Ondřej (advisor) ; Doležel, David (referee)
Circadian rhythms can be found in all organisms from prokaryotes through plants to animals. They are very plastic, able to adapt to the climatic conditions of the environment and the current availability of food, such differences in conditions led to origin of intraspecific polymorphisms of circadian rhythms. This bachelor thesis summarizes the known data on the circadian rhythm plasticity, managing mechanisms of circadian rhythms and their interdependence. Circadian rhythms were studied only sporadically in the human ectoparasite a bed bug (Cimex lectularius), rhythm reversal can be achieved just by changing the illumination. With knowledge about plasticity of circadian rhythms it shall be possible to identify the changes in the managing mechanisms of circadian rhythms in the bed bug. Key words: circadian rhythms, bed bug, plasticity of circadian rhythm, polymorphism of circadian rhythms
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Study of evolution of insect pheromone biosynthetic fatty acyl desaturases
Buček, Aleš ; Pichová, Iva (advisor) ; Žďárek, Jan (referee) ; Doležel, David (referee)
Insects account for more than one million of described species with an ecological and economic impact disproportional to their minute body size. Among the factors which have contributed to their evolutionary success, insect secondary metabolites such as defensive compounds and chemical signals are regarded to play a major role. This thesis aims at uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying evolution of ubiquitous insect secondary metabolites - sex pheromones (SPs), i.e. chemical signals mediating mate finding and mating between individuals of the same species. The thesis focuses on a class of oxidoreductase enzymes, membrane fatty acid desaturases (mFADs), which introduce double bonds into hydrocarbon chains of fatty acyls and thus produce precursors of unsaturated fatty acid- derived SPs. mFADs are involved in SP biosynthesis in e.g. moths (Lepidoptera), flies (Diptera), cockroaches and termites (Blattodea), wasps and bees (Hymenoptera) - some of the most species-rich insect orders. Since SPs are principal to species reproductive isolation, uncovering the molecular basis of insect SP biosynthesis holds promises to contribute to answering fundamental questions concerning the insect ecology and evolution. The insect mFADs with diverse enzymatic specificities also represent a naturally available...
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