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Bacterial toxins acting on biological membranes
Benešová, Anna ; Fišer, Radovan (advisor) ; Sýkora, Jan (referee)
Colicin E1 is a bacterial toxin, which has been researched for a long time and belongs to a group of pore-forming colicins. Pore-forming colicins act on cytoplasmic membranes of sensitive cells. They form ionophoric channels, which can depolarize the membrane and kill the cell. Colicins in general can be considered as a tool used by related bacterial strains of Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae to compete for resources. Recently, a hypothesis emerged that colicin E1 is not a tool for killing related bacterial strains but rather a tool for killing human cells by uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. So far, colicin E1 was described inaccurately, together with its different sequence variant - newly described colicin E11. Colicin E11 could have evolved as a weapon against other bacteria of gut microbiota. The aim of this thesis was to compare the pore-forming abilities of colicins E1 and E11 by measurements on planar lipid membranes and liposomes of various lipid compositions. Based on results it seems that both colicins form channels of comparable conductance and they are both mildly cation-selective. Measurements on liposomes showed higher activity for colicin E1 compared to colicin E11 on membranes mimicking both mammalian and Gram-negative bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Results...
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Elementary statistical methods in psychological research
Benešová, Anna ; Omelka, Marek (advisor) ; Zichová, Jitka (referee)
This work deals with testing methods for a two-sample problem and their subsequent application to data from the field of behavioural economics. The main question of the analysis is to determine the existence of loss aversion and the en- dowment effect. This thesis presents tests suitable for analyzing the given data. Specifically, it focuses on testing the ratio and difference of means and the Mann-Whitney formulation for the Wilcoxon test. In the next sec- tion, the underlying article and the research topic are introduced. In the end, the methods are applied to the provided data set. The existence of the endowment effect is confirmed in at least half of the cases.
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Analysis of the use of time prepositions based on the Czech learner corpora
Benesova, Anna ; Škodová, Svatava (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Milan (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the analysis of the use of prepositions with temporal meaning by non-native speakers of Czech in written texts. The starting point of the thesis is the observation that the use of prepositions is very difficult for non-native speakers even at a high level of proficiency. In the theoretical part we outline the system of prepositions in contemporary Czech as described in Czech grammars, but also as reflected in theoretical works in the field of teaching prepositions to non-native speakers of Czech. The theoretical works describing methodological difficulties in teaching prepositions in the context of Czech as a foreign language are based on the authors' personal experiences with teaching. Based on the material of the CzeSL and Merlin learner corpora, we analyse the use of prepositions to confirm/disprove the difficulties in their use contained in the theoretical works. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to quantitatively map the use of prepositions by non- native speakers in written works. Key words Czech as a foreign language, grammar, prepositions, error analysis, learner corpus CzeSL, Merlin
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Triangular trade
BENEŠOVÁ, Anna
This work focuses on the legal regulation of triangular trade. It examines breaches of the terms of these transactions, mainly in relation to value added tax, and how effective the enforcement of sanctions is under the European Union rules and if this type of trade is sufficiently legally treated from the point of view of the European Union law and within two Member States, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Furthermore, the work shows how the triangular trade is reflected in the accounting of individual stakeholders and in the financial statements it examines what effect it has on the company - whether it pays to conduct a triangular trade or not. The results are obtained through example a fictional companies that deals with this type of trade. And finally how trade between the European Union and Great Britain developed after Brexit.
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Advance evaluation of fatigue resistance of selected construction materials
Benešová, Anna ; Květoň, Josef (referee) ; Seitl, Stanislav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the analysis of S–N curves of models according to Basquin, Kohout and Věchet and Castilla–Canteli using Weibull and Gumbel solution. These curves are interpolated by measured data of cyclically loaded civil engineering materials like concrete and steel. For each material, the accuracies of individual models are determined and in the conclusion, the suitability or unsuitability of individual models for selected materials is compared and evaluated.
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Myth and Literature: The Werewolf
Benešová, Anna ; Ébert-Zeminová, Catherine (advisor) ; Šuman, Záviš (referee)
anglicky: Title of the thesis: Myth and Literature: The Werewolf Keywords: myth, literature, mythology, mythodology, mythanalysis, mythocriticism, werewolf Abstract: This thesis deals with the relation between literature and myth. Literature transcribes the myth from a language of symbols to the language of literature. This process limits the multiplicity of meaning and the variety of renderings of a myth but at the same time makes it possible to preserve the elemental message and make it comprehensible for the socio-cultural reality of the author and subsequently for the reader. The objective of this thesis is to show on the example of the werewolf how a myth works in literature. After researching into the domain of mythology and mythocriticism, Gilbert Durand's method, called mythodology, was chosen as the principal route to approach the subject of this thesis. Mythodology comprises of two phases: mythanalysis and mythocriticism. The method is used for the study of the myth of the werewolf in four literary works from the different periods and of the different genres. In the final part are studied and analysed some socio-cultural consequences of the psychological nature of myth and its transcription into literature.
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Legal acts aimed at the termination of employment
Benešová, Anna ; Hůrka, Petr (advisor) ; Pichrt, Jan (referee)
Legal acts aimed at the termination of employment Abstract The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive picture of the current and future new regulations on legal acts leading to the termination of employment. The thesis consists of seven chapters, each of them dealing with different issues. The first chapter is devoted to legal acts in general, to the employment relationship and its termination. It specifies what a legal act is and defines its requisites. The definition of the employment relationship and its termination are dealt with in its two subchapters. The second chapter concentrates on one of the legal acts leading to the termination of employment - the mutual termination agreement. This chapter consists of two subchapters, the first one specifying the requisites of the mutual termination agreement, the second one containing a concluding interpretation of this kind of agreement. The third chapter is devoted to the notice of termination of employment, the unilateral legal act resulting in the termination of the employment relationship. This chapter contains five subchapters. The first one deals with the notice period, mainly with its length, its course and its regulation in the conceptual amendment to the Czech Labour Code. The second subchapter concentrates on the notice of termination of...
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Membrane vesicles in bacteria and their role in antibiotic resistance
Benešová, Anna ; Konopásek, Ivo (advisor) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (referee)
Membrane vesicles are produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Mechanism of their formation differs between these two groups of bacteria. It is caused by the different structure of their cell envelope. Gram-negative bacteria contain outer membrane and membrane vesicles can originate from this membrane. Membrane vesicles of Gram-positive bacteria are derived from the cytoplasmic membrane. They have to cross the barrier of the thick layer of peptidoglycan. Membrane vesicles contain cellular components whose properties enable vesicles to fulfil various functions. Antibiotic resistance can be counted as one of these functions. This thesis discusses three ways used by the membrane vesicles to protect the cells from antibiotics: transport of enzymes that degrade antibiotics, removal of antibiotics from cell's surroundings and role of membrane vesicles in horizontal gene transfer.
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Professional psychohygiene of teacher in a nursery school - case study
Benešová, Anna ; Zvírotský, Michal (advisor) ; Mojžíšová, Jarmila (referee)
The theoretical part of this diploma thesis focuses on defining psychohygiene. The principles of psychohygiene are presented, such as efficient use of time, healthy diet, sufficient exercise, etc. Furthermore, the term stress is defined and explained in more detail by stressors that can burden teachers in a kindergarten. The position of a teacher in a kindergarten, his personality and competences are scrutinized here. The practical part is focused on a qualitative research. Using the case study defined here, the workplace of a private kindergarten is examined in detail using an observation method. Another method in the research is a questionnaire for pedagogical staff in two branches of kindergartens and nurseries. Based on the findings, a conclusion is drawn regarding the psychohygiene of teachers. The aim of the work is to reveal the positives and negatives that affect teachers in this kindergarten and to find out how aware they are about psychohygiene. The research shows that the kindergarten supports employees in healthy eating, exercise, effectively planned working hours and in constantly possible communication with parents. One of the biggest stressors resulting from the questionnaire is, above all, excessive noise and voice strain as well as communication with parents. The biggest stressor...
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