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Gastroparesis - pathophysiology, etiopathogenesis and possibilities of endoscopic treatment
Husťak, Rastislav ; Martínek, Jan (advisor) ; Bureš, Jan (referee) ; Urban, Ondřej (referee)
Background: Gastroparesis (GP) is a disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying in the absence of a symptomatic mechanical obstruction of the stomach with cardinal symptoms. Two principal pathophysiological mechanisms are believed to be responsible for development of GP: global gastric hypomotility and pylorospasm. As pylorospasm may play an important role in GP, the efficacy of treatment modalities targeting the pylorus, such as gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM), is currently being intensively studied, as these methods have the potential to help especially patients with severe symptoms for whom other treatment measures are ineffective. The aims of our studies were: (1) to evaluate clinical efficacy of G-POEM in the treatment of patients with severe GP; (2) to evaluate the changes in objective periprocedural parameters measured by gastric emptying study (GES) and functional planimetry; (3) to evaluate safety of G-POEM and (4) to compare the efficacy of two closure methods used to close the mucosal incision in G-POEM: clips and endoscopic suturing (ES). Patients and methods: Patients older > 18y, with gastroparesis cardinal symptoms index (GCSI) > 2.3 and abnormal GES were eligible for inclusion. All projects had been performed between 2015 and 2021. Project (1): Clinical efficacy of...
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The incidence of ageism from the perspective of helping workers in nursing homes
Brucknerová, Veronika ; Urban, David (advisor) ; Dočkal, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis titled The occurrence of ageism from the perspective of helping workers in homes for the elderly is focused on age discrimination against the elderly. The aim of the thesis is to describe how the occurrence of ageism is manifested from the perspective of helping workers in a selected home for the elderly. The theoretical part is mainly focused on ageing and old age, ageism and care for the elderly. Subchapters elaborate on the age limits of old age, changes in old age, stereotypes and prejudices about old age and the social context of old age. They also capture the meaning of age, sources of ageism, current issues and ageism in the helping professions. Finally, they describe forms of care for the elderly, the providing of social services to the elderly, homes for the elderly, and helping workers in these facilities. The theoretical findings are followed by the empirical part of the thesis. It is carried out using a qualitative research strategy, semi-standardized interviews with helping workers from a selected home for the elderly. The aim of the research is to find out how the occurrence of ageism manifests itself from the perspective of helping workers in the selected home for the elderly.
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The Establishment of the Union of European Football Associations and the Czechoslovak Footprint in International Football (1954-1989)
Urban, Adam ; Štemberk, Jan (advisor) ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (referee)
(English) The diploma thesis The Establishment of the Union of European Football Associations and the Czechoslovak Footprint in International Football (1954-1989) deals with the formation of UEFA in the 1950s and the interference of Czechoslovak football in European football at various levels in 1954-1989. The thesis represents a unique contribution to the history of UEFA, especially in the Czech environment, where it is an unexplored issue. Due to the subject of the work, a historical approach was used. The work is based mainly on archival materials, which are stored in the National Archives in the collection of the ÚV ČSTV and periodicals focused on sports and football (Československý sport, Kopaná). The work first focuses on the form of European football in the absence of a European body and describes the form of competitions at the time. Subsequently, the political events that influenced the creation of UEFA and at the same time shaped the environment in which the confederation operated are considered. Specifically, it is a matter of dividing Europe into two blocks, which defined each other on several levels and football was no exception. This factor is reflected throughout the work. In the last part, the work deals with the influence of UEFA on the form of European football, especially on its...
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Lieutenant Colonel of General Staff of Czechoslovak Army František Hrubiš (1897-1967)
Urban, Karel ; Koura, Petr (advisor) ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee)
This work deals with the personality of František Hrubiš (1897-1967), his whole life and setting it in the context of the time. It focuses mainly on his military career and his contribution to many important moments in our history, such as participation in the Czechoslovak legions, later career in the Czechoslovak army during the First Republic, World War II, post-war life and his participation in the trial with Rudolf Slánský. To complete the overall picture of personality, this work deals with a brief history of the family and the environment in which he grew up. The work is based on the testimony of the witness, data found in the documentation of the Military Historical Institute in Prague, documentation from the Archive of the Security Forces and collections of documents of a personal nature stored in the National Archives of Prague, as well as personal family photographs and correspondence. The conclusion is a summary of the information and findings obtained, not only from the documents, but also from the testimony of František Hrubiš's daughter, Jarmila Filipová. Key Words František Hrubiš, Czechoslovak Legion, First World War, Berezovka, Czechoslovak Army, Second World War, Buchenwald, Slánský trial, Francis Edwin Keary
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Returning Vertebrate Species as a Topic of Environmental Education
Hartlová, Adéla ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Chocholoušková, Zdenka (referee) ; Urban, Peter (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the relationship between humans and animals that return to the Czech Republic due to various circumstances, especially national protection, and protection within the European Union. This is a group of animals that have been exterminated from the Czech wilderness for various reasons and upon their return cause damage, arouse fear and cause controversy. The spontaneous return and reintroduction of some vertebrate species is, therefore, considered a controversial topic at present because we are facing reintroduced and returning species more and more frequently. This is why people should ideally be introduced to this topic at primary schools, where the information is presented in a clear and didactic way, rather than later on, for example, in the context of various attitudes-raising campaigns. For this reason, this research was performed at primary schools, grammar schools and secondary vocational schools training future foresters and fishermen, in order to determine what pupils' attitudes towards these returning or reintroduced vertebrate species are and what can influence these attitudes. This research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey with analyses in Jamovi and Statistica 14. Subsequent analyses of the data revealed that students have generally...
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Design, Synthesis, and Application of Novel Bifunctional (Thio)urea Organocatalysts Derived from Saccharides & Catalytic Asymmetric C−H Arylation of (η6-Arene)Chromium Complexes
Gergelitsová, Ivana ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Sedlák, Miloš (referee) ; Urban, Milan (referee)
The first part of the thesis is focused on the design, synthesis, evaluation, and application of novel bifunctional (thio)urea organocatalysts derived from saccharides. Combination of H-bonding donor (thio)urea moiety with Lewis base active site in a single chiral scaffold (e.g., 1,2-trans-cyclohexyl, cinchona alkaloids, 1,1'-binaphthyl) is a popular motif in catalyst design. Only limited attention has been paid to the synthesis of bifunctional (thio)ureas using saccharides as a chiral scaffold. Saccharides bring the advantage of the availability of various diastereomeric forms. Moreover, they offer modification of steric, electronic, and solubility properties via O-substitution. Three types of novel organocatalysts were designed: C2-symmetrical thiourea/tertiary amines entirely derived from 2-amino-2-deoxy saccharides, thiourea/primary amines based on pentopyranose and a cyclohexane skeleton, and (thio)urea/tertiary phosphines containing both saccharide and α-amino acid unit. Both functional groups of organocatalysts of the first type are located on the saccharide unit, and it is the only element which fully determines stereoselectivity. This is an exceptional approach as the majority of saccharide-based organocatalysts use saccharide as a bulky electron- withdrawing substituent. However, the...
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Synthesis of chiral secondary amines useful as organocatalysts
Urban, Michal ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Drahoňovský, Dušan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the preparation of chiral secondary amines, which are used as catalysts in many chemical transformations leading to enantimerically pure compounds. The emphasis of this work is placed on the comparison of the effectiveness of published syntheses those organocatalysts. The first part focuses on the comparison of efficiency and optimization of two methods of preparation Jørgensen's catalyst, the first approach is based on the Z-protected (S)-proline, and in the second approach as starting material was used. The second part deals with the preparation of other Jørgensen's and Hayashi's types of catalysts, via introduction of various silyl functional groups.
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Spatial patterns of links between temperature extremes and cardiovascular mortality in the Czech Republic
Urban, Aleš ; Kyselý, Jan (advisor) ; Huth, Radan (referee) ; Dobrovolný, Petr (referee)
Name of the thesis: Spatial patterns of links between temperature extremes and cardiovascular mortality in the Czech Republic Author: Mgr. Aleš Urban Previous studies have examined relationships of high and low air temperatures to mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the Czech Republic as a whole. Much less has been understood about possible regional differences in the heat and cold effects on mortality. Within four papers published in international peer-reviewed journals, the author of this thesis investigated links between extreme temperatures and CVD mortality in the Czech Republic while considering in particular differences between (i) urban and rural areas, (ii) regions with different socioeconomic status, and (iii) regions with different physical-environmental conditions. Various biometeorological approaches were compared in order to identify meteorological characteristics affecting heat- and cold-related mortality. Excess mortality was determined as differences between observed and expected daily values, the latter being adjusted for long-term changes, annual and weekly cycles, and epidemics of influenza/acute respiratory infections. Air temperature, biometeorological indices (including the Universal Thermal Climate Index, Apparent Temperature, and Physiologically Equivalent...
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An analysis of some economic and legal aspects of governance of Central European joint-stock companies
Pustówka, Tomasz ; Urban, Jan (advisor) ; Hraba, Zdeněk (referee)
The Analysis of Some Economic and Legal Aspects of Corporate Governance of Central European Corporations There are three main goals of the thesis: 1) To identify the biggest economic risks of present Czech corporate governance 3) to recommend appropriate measures how to regulate corporate governance of publicly owned companies 2) to consider the question how appropriate it is to regulate corporate governance by hard law rules or when soft law rules could be appropriate enough. The thesis is divided into two parts - the theoretical part and the practical one. The theoretical part is subdivided into four chapters. The first contains a general introduction to the corporate governance, the second includes a description of the system of corporate governance regulation, the next one is dedicated to financial crisis impact on the corporate governance regulation, and the final chapter deals with the comparison of Polish and Czech law regulation of corporate governance in publicly owned companies. The practical part consists of three case studies. The first case study analysis the main findings of the report, which was worked out as a result of the independent audit of supervisory boards in publicly owned companies. The second case study examines the corporate governance system of state-owned companies PKN...
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Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU and Agricultural Negotiations in the Framework of the World Trade Organization
Drbohlavová, Marta ; Urban, Luděk (advisor) ; Látal, Jan (referee)
The main topic of this diploma thesis is the recent reform of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (CAP). The second topic is the agricultural negotiations in the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Last but not least, the question of the influence of the negotiations in the WTO on the CAP reform is discussed. The first chapter concerns with the details of the process of the CAP reform and it also shows the main differences between the previous forms of the CAP and reformed one (e.g. the reforms to the intervention mechanism). Secondly, this chapter includes the description and the analysis of the fundamental key elements of the new CAP - the single farm payment (SFP), cross compliance, modulation and rural development. It is expected that the SFP brings visible and necessary changes in the financing of the CAP. The SFP decouples the payments and production. In the future farmers make decisions firmly according to the situation on the market. There is no more any incentive for the production. Full decoupling was an ideal presented by the European Commission. Member states, however, decide to maintain a proportion of direct aids to farmers in their existing form. It means hat in some sectors the idea of the full decoupling is not brought into being. The reform also emphasizes...
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