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Early diagnostic of cognitive disorders in neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease
Magerová, Hana ; Bojar, Martin (advisor) ; Jirák, Roman (referee) ; Mareš, Jan (referee)
The ageing of population leads to increase prevalence of dementias that are becoming a serious socio economic problem. Early initiation of treatment resulting from early diagnosis may delay the loss of self- sufficiency. These cause a growing effort for finding an early marker of these diseases that allows making diagnosis before developing dementia. The attention is focused mainly to Alzheimer's disease (AD) that represents the most common type of dementia and is the most affected by currently available drugs. The aim is to enable to diagnose AD already at the stage of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) that represents a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. The olfactory impairment was considered to be a possible marker of AD as there is evidence that it occurs in very early stages of AD and its severity correlates with the disease progression. On the other hand, very poor data are available on olfactory functioning in other types of dementias. The neurodegenerative process starting in mesial temporal structures also suggests that AD patients may have an early spatial navigation impairment (especially in allocentric navigation) as well as facial emotion recognition impairment as the mesial temporal structures are crucial for these functions. These topics are presented in the submitted thesis....
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Vascular Calcification and Bone Demineralization in Patiens with Chronic Renal Failure
Mareš, Jan ; Opatrná, Sylvie (advisor) ; Topolčan, Ondřej (referee) ; Spustová, Viera (referee) ; Štěpán, Jan (referee)
Background: Patients treated with chronic dialysis show extreme mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular disease. Renal failure is associated with different risk factors of cardiovascular complications than those defined for non-renal population. One of these factors, currently considered most important, are vascular calcifications. At the same time, patients on dialysis regularly suffer from derrangements of calcium-phosphate metabolism, including skeletal demineralization. As a consequence, both incidence and prevalence of bone fractures are high. Aims: This study therefore investigates vascular calcifications and skeletal demineralization, their clinical implications and associations in patients treated with long-term dialysis. Methods: Two groups of patients were examined in a prospective manner (follow-up > 1 year); 32 patients treated with peritoneal dialysis and 72 treated with regular hemdodialysis. Treatment parameters and biochemical markers of calcium-phosphate metabolism were monitored throughout the study. Bone mineral density of lumbar spine (together with vertebral fractures) as well as coronary artery, valvular and aortic calcifcations were determined repeatedly. All radiological parameters were measured during one computed-tomography scanning session. Results: A significant...
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Functional cognitive mapping of temporopolar regions in temporal lobe epilepsy patiens
Amlerová, Jana ; Marusič, Petr (advisor) ; Mareš, Jan (referee) ; Klement, Daniel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize basic knowledge and bring some new data about the temporal pole function in temporal lobe epilepsy patients focusing on the less explored domains -famous face identification, emotion recognition, social cognition and spatial navigation. These functions are not routinely tested in standard neuropsychological assessment however the impairment of these functions may lead to severe dysfunctions in everyday life of the temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Human Nature and Natural Morality in Francis Fukuyama
Mareš, Jan ; Halama, Jindřich (advisor) ; Hošek, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on a survey of concepts of human nature at the end of 20th century, specifically in the works of Francis Fukuyama. The introductory part descibes general contemporary situation and background. The main part deals with the formation of different natural aspects of human behavior from the perspective of sociobiology such as cooperation, intelligernce, language and morality the way F. Fukuyama interpretes them. It tries to expound how these aspects were formed during the long evolutionary development. Understanding these mechanisms should help us comprehend why there are natural tendencies to bahave the way we do. It also searches boundaries between human nature and cultural environment. The final part answers some key questions this topic evokes. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Statistical aspects of nuclear collective dynamics
Macek, Michal ; Cejnar, Pavel (advisor) ; Kvasil, Jan (referee) ; Mareš, Jiří (referee)
The current PhD thesis presents a collection of selected articles related to the theoretical and numerical study of low-energy collective dynamics of atomic nuclei. The articles were published or recently submitted to international physics journals and were authored or co-authored by the author of the thesis. The eects in collective dynamics have been studied within the framework of two common models-the interacting boson model (IBM) and to a lesser extent the geometric collective model (GCM). The "statistical aspects" in the title relate predominantly to the interplay of ordered and chaotic behavior observed in properties of quantum eigenstates as well as in the classical limits of the models. The main attention was devoted to correlations between the measures of regularity/chaos and the presence of exact and approximate dynamical symmetries. An important subject of the studies were also the relationships between the properties of the classical and quantum solutions of the models both in the integrable regime as well as in the mixed regime containing elements of regularity and chaos simultaneously.
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Experience in patients with invasive procedures
Pechová, Jana ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Gigalová, Veronika (referee)
Author: Jana Pechová Institution: Department of Social Medicine LF UK in Hradec Kralove Department of Nursing Title of the work: Experience in Patients with Invasive Procedures Academic advisor: prof. PhDr. Jiří Mareš, PhD. Number of pages: 96 Number of attachments: 2 Defended in: 2015 Key words: invasive examination, colonoscopy, gastroscopy, patient's experience Bachelor's thesis discusses patient's experience with invasive examination (colonoscopy, gastroscopy). The theoretical part explains the main symptoms of gastrointestinal disease, describes problems of colonoscopy and gastroscopy. It deals with nursing care before and after the examination and characterizes nursing diagnosis. It includes patient's education before colonoscopy, particularly in preparation for this examination. In the empirical part, using a mixed approach, the author examines patient's experiences with examination closer. Semi - structured interview were used for ten selected respondents and other fifty patients filled in questionnaire IPQ-R-CZ (B) (with the agreement of J. Mares, the author of the Czech version). All patients suffer from gastrointestinal disease and patients who I interviewed also have experience with endoscopic examination. It maps the general awareness, information given immediately before the...
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Smoking of senior Citizens
Ferancová, Petra ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Šmejkalová, Jindra (referee)
Name and surname: Petra Ferancová Institution: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Nursing Title of the thesis: Smoking seniors Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Jiří Mareš, CSc. Number of pages: 107 Number of attachments: 2 Year of defense: 2015 Key words: smoking, illnesses of smokers, nicotine, addiction treatment of smoking, prevalence, senior, tobacco, addiction The bachelor work is focused on the issues of a seniors' smoking. The first part of my work is focused on an old age, growing old, smoking as a bio - psycho - social problem and on the previous Czech researches of the same topic. In the second part I deal with the research surveys in which the results from the questionnaires are analysed and presented. The aim of my bachelor work was to find out the prevalence of the seniors' smoking, to find out the difference in a presence of the chronical illness between seniors smokers and non-smokers and to realize whether the seniors were informed by medics, doctors or nurses about the harmful effects of smoking and its consequences on their health.
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Patients'Quality of Life after Breast Cancer with Lymphoedema
Vejrková, Pavlína ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Votroubková, Michaela (referee)
Author: Pavlína Vejrková Institution: Charles University in Prague, Medical faculty of Hradec Králové, Institute of social medicine, Department of nursing Title of thesis: Patients' Quality of Life after Breast Cancer with Lymphoedema Consultant: Prof. PhDr. Jiří Mareš, CSc. Number of pages: 94 Number of appendices: 5 Year of defense: 2012 Key words: Lymphedema, quality of life, complex decongestiv therapy This bachelor thesis deals with the quality of life of breast cancer patients who suffer from lymphedema. The theoretical part focuses on lymphedema, its treatment, complications and associated limitations in the life of the patient and on the definition of quality of life. Lymphedema is a treatable disease, but it is not always curable. It restricts patients both physically and mentally. The practical part describes the research by means of an anonymous questionnaire. The examined sample consisted of 41 patients who were treated in the Lymhocentre in Náchod and in Nové Město nad Metují. These patients underwent surgery for breast cancer, were within 5 years of the completed cancer treatment and suffer from lymphedema of their hand. The obtained results showed that after the lymphedema treatment 98 % patients showed alleviation of somatic difficulties and improvement in the quality of their lives.
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