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Overclaiming test - contribution to validization
Minarčíková, Nikola ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Riegel, Karel (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to validate Czech version of Overclaiming Questionnaire (Paulhus and Bruce 1990, Czech version NÚDZ 2014). Questionnaire authors claim that it serves as a method to assess overclaiming and socially desirable responding in self-reports. Self-presentation is presented in the introduction of the theoretical part, another chapters then focus on self-enhancement in questionnaires and techniques used to detect it. Conclusion addresses the overclaiming technique and the Overclaiming Questionnaire. Main goal of practical part is to validate Czech version of the Overclaiming Questionnaire and evaluation of its usefulness in application context. Hundred and forty people from general population participated in the research, along with sixty-eight applicants for the position of articling attorney or judge. KEYWORDS Overclaiming, self-prezentation, social desirability, impression management, self- deception, inaccurate self-presentation, self-enhancement
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Subjectively perceived symptomatology of depression at czech adult population-usage of Beck depression inventory
Vraná, Klára ; Preiss, Marek (referee) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
A certain level of depressive symptoms also occurs at healthy individuals and their groups still not tell the nature of depressive illness. This thesis deals with the most detailed mapping of subjectively perceived symptoms of depression in a non-clinical part of the Czech adult population using the latest version of the Beck Depression Inventory BDI-II. Selfassesment/referal questionnaire BDI-II offers several options for exploring of depressive symptoms which in this work are all used and analyzed in a view of the sex and age of the respondents. Research set consists of persons aged 20 to 84 years and is further divided into 5 subgroups that represent developmental stages from young adulthood to the right age-elderness bounded according Příhoda (1971). The aim here is not only to determine the overall level of depressive symptoms at examined people but also the intensity, type and characteristic representation of the symptoms of depression according to BDI-II in the research file, including a comparison of the differences between men and women and age subgroups of the above mentioned aspects together. The work does not attempt to explain observed phenomena, because the presence or development of certain symptoms of depression or mental discomfort experiences in the population isinfluenced by many factors....
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Quality of attention in borderline patients
Patlichová, Klára ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Loneková, Katarína (referee)
This thesis exammes attention among individuals with borderline personality disorder. The theoretical part illustrates the aspects ofborderline personality disorder and attention in general. For detailed description of borderline personality disorder, it uses particularly Millon's diagnostic instrument. In relation to attention, it concentrates mainly on cognitive aspects of this topic with emphasis on the theoretical concept of attention according to M. I. Posner. Furthermore, it points out the potential interconnection of these, apparently only negligibly related topics, i.e. of borderline personality disorder and attention. An essential part consists in the attention network test (ANT). The empirie part then partly follows Posner's research. Similar to his approach, it uses the ANT test and an IPDE semi-structured interview- the borderline module- to verify the potential relationship of borderline disorder and attention deficiency. Testing of attention also includes Stroop color test. The IPDE interview, which is aimed at diagnos ti es of borderline personality disorder, is supplemented by questionnaire methods monitoring particularly mood and the potential proband cognitive deficit. The research mentioned in this part of the paper monitors attention amongst fifteen individuals with borderline...
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BPQ - Contribution to a validation study
Koutná, Kateřina ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Riegel, Karel (referee)
ANNOTATION: This thesis deals with the Czech version of the BPQ (Borderline Personality Questionare) and aims to verify the psychometric properties questionare. I use custom developed data collected in the context of a larger study NÚDZ aimed at needy validation of a questionnaire method of measuring different facets of personality functioning. Detailed analysis of these data, I concluded that the questionnaire is internally consistent, as I stated prior percentile standards and compared the psychometric properties of the Czech version of the original American version. KEYWORDS: Personality, personality disorders, borderline personality disorder, Borderline Personality Questionare- BPQ
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Social cognition and schizophrenia
Mrlíková, Kristína ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee)
Dysfunctions in social interactions and social isolation are common characteristics of mental illness and schizophrenia is not an exception. This is the reason for recent growing intercst in new theoretical approaches to schizophrenia and social cognition is one of those approaches. Also social cognition has been identified as one of the areas of MATRICS neurocognititive battery developed to be used for testing new drugs for therapy of schizophrenia. Theoretical part of this study is a brief overview of some of the approaches and areas oť social cognition relative to schizophrenia. Practical part is an attempt to create a method to measure social cognition. The biggest contribution of social cognition to the concept of schizophrenia is the fact that it perceives complex difficulties seen in schizophreoia as manifestations of several simple deficits in different areas, which can be good targets of both therapeutic procedures and empirical research. The attempt to create a psychological test was based on a "group game'' which we have transformed into a "pencil-paper" method. Tbc method was then examined in both clinical aod non-clinical settings and some valuable characteristics of the test have been obtained. These seem to be promising for the test to become a possible method of measuring social cognition....
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Test-retest reliability in integrity testing
Kozárová, Adéla ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Ševčíková, Marcela (referee)
This thesis deals with personal integrity and its testing for the job tender. The main objective is to determine the test-retest reliability of the integrity test, which is currently being developed and studied at the National Institute of Mental Health in Klecany. Another aim of the work is to compare the Czech version of the integrity test, a whole set of psychological tests designed to investigate the integrity intended for recruiting new employees, and the findings of foreign tests, which are used primarily in the United States. The use of integrity tests is a common practice abroad in the selection process of new employees, for example in lower administration or positions working with money. Work has both theoretical and practical character. The theoretical part summarizes the findings about integrity from authors throughout history, present information about foreign integrity test (types, weaknesses, ethical issues of testing, the proposed rules for the implementation of integrity tests for job tenders for organization, etc.). Finally, it discusses psychometrics and required characteristics for quality tests. The practical part is based on a test-retest study that was conducted on a sample of 51 respondents in the time interval of 4 to 5 months. Respondents were repeatedly presented with a...
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Influence of Psychogonical Factors on Skin Diseases
Eklová, Zuzana ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Procházková, Jana (referee)
The the thesis is focused on the issue of psychic factors influencing a distribution and extent of skin diseases. The bachelor work consists of three main parts: In the first - theorotical one is the psychosomatic issue taken to parts throught a general point of view and through a perspecitve of skin diseases. Following part is a story of my own experience with ekzema and its healing proccess. The most extensive part presents a qualitative research exploring a presence of three phenomenons that appear in letters as possible factors effecting a distribution and extent of skin diseases. These phenomenons are: diffcult life events, negative strategies of stress management and neurotic components of personality. Results of the research show a possibility of influence of psychic factors on the extent of skin diseases, but they also show us how individual and non-uniform this influence is.
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Theory of Planned Behavior and Counterproductive Work Behavior
Trojanová, Mariana ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Ševčíková, Marcela (referee)
This master thesis aims to explore and predict counterproductive work behavior (CWB) targeted to the employer within a framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The question is examined by quantitative questionnaire survey, assessing attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention and actual behavior. The aim of this study is to verify the psychometric properties of a non-standardized questionnaire designed in the theoretical framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior, analysis of functionality of the proposed model and the proposal of its possible improvements to be given. Unrepresentative sample (n = 71 in the first phase of research, n = 41 in the second phase) consists of working adults with a work history of at least one year. The proposed model of the Theory of Planned Behavior is analyzed using the method of multiple linear regression analysis, which shows a statistically significant relationship between the dependent variable and some of the independent variables in the first phase of the research. In the second phase, no significant relationships between variables are found. Since the psychometric properties of the measuring instrument are not satisfactory, the item analysis using principal component analysis is conducted, which identifies some problematic...
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Analytical Rumination Hypothesis Testing: Depression as a Functional Adaptation.
Ševčíková, Marcela ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Bob, Petr (referee) ; Vevera, Jan (referee)
Next to the traditional medical concept of depression, there is an expert opinion suggesting that depression is a functional adaptation to adversity. In the theoretical part of the thesis, we present the adaptive hypothesis of depression, the Analytical-Rumination Hypothesis (ARH). According to ARH, depression has evolved as an adaptive response to the complex problems. Depressive symptoms, such as anhedonia, social isolation, and psychomotor retardation, may help individuals to undisturbedly analyze their personal problems in a process called analytical rumination. The limited ability to focus on an external problem, e.g. on neuropsychological tests, is a by-product of analytical rumination. The aim of the dissertation thesis is to test the ARH. In the practical part, we present five studies using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, cross-sectional and longitudinal design, and samples with different statuses (clinical and non-clinical). The results of Study 1 confirm that depression is a response to a complex problem. Using a qualitative methodology, Study 2 examined the form of rumination and detected the presence of adaptive rumination in depressed individuals (causal analysis, analysis of the aspects of the problem and problem-solving analysis). The results of cross-sectional Study 3...
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Integrity measure - test of answers' consistency
Salzerová, Aneta ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Juríčková, Veronika (referee)
The thesis deals with response style in questionnaires and concretely it focused on consistency of responses. In theoretical part the concept of integrity and use of integrity tests is explained. Other chapter deals with credibility, which is closely connected with distortion due to social desirability. In this chapter, relationship with other variables and validation scales are described. Third chapter is reliability of questionnaires, which is influenced by response style, stability across time and consistency of answers. In the end, the cognitive funcitons, which can have an impact on responding in questionnaires are described and relationship between psychopathological symptoms and response style is presented. First of all, in the empirical part, the level of consistency in test of answers' consistency in each category and relationship between integrity test in work place, consistency and other variables were studied. Seconadly, relationship between interference and consistency was studied. Results indicate, that total consistency of answers is different in each category (social desirability, counterproductive behaviour, neutral information, personality). The lowest level of consistency was found in counterproductive behaviour and the highest was in neutral information. The second highest...
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