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Risks and limits of laparoscopy in the treatment of gynecological cancers
Charvát, Martin ; Robová, Helena (advisor) ; Kužel, David (referee) ; Mlynček, Miloš (referee)
The thesis evaluates the results of experimental protocol involving the fertility sparing treatment procedure in early stage cervical carcinoma (LAP I protocol). Sentinel lymph node detection and experimental extirpation of afferent channels using laparoscopy and its technical aspects were analysed in prospective group of 85 women. The oncologic results and early/late morbidity show that established surgical procedures can be considered safe with minimal morbidity, provided that the indication criteria are met. The second part analyses the results of 148 women with no further pregnancy plans suffering from cervical tumors less than 2 cm in size with invasion less than half of the stroma (LAP II protocol). The oncological results in our defined group are very good and comparable to 'standard' procedure of modified radical hysterectomy type B or C with lower morbidity. In the separate section the thesis analyses the possibilities of laparoscopy in endometrial cancer treatment including the potentials of use of sentinel lymph node detection and technical aspects of laparoscopy in obese women. Currently the biggest controversy is the use of laparoscopy in malignant ovarian tumors. Our oncogynaecological study group at FN Motol prefers the laparotomic approach and we chose to include the set of advanced...
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Deleuze's asignifying semiotics
Charvát, Martin ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Gvoždiak, Vít (referee) ; Michalovič, Peter (referee)
Mgr. Martin Charvát Deleuze's asignifying semiotics Disertační práce Abstract: In the thesis I am trying to prove that Gilles Deleuze's philosophy must be considered in respect of his analysis of sign. Deleuze's philosophy is thus inseparable from his semiotics which I would like to show on the figure of philosophy as symptomatology. If we understand sign as a symptom we are also standing on the semiotic level. Signs are expressions of ways of life, of our understanding of the world around us. The problem of Deleuze's semiotics (which is connected with the problem of expression) leads us to the problem of genesis. In this respect the genesis is united with the concept of pure difference. Key words: Deleuze, Gilles - signs - semiotics - genesis - difference
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Semiotic "ethnography" of Deleuze and Guattari and non-standard animism
Šír, David ; Charvát, Martin (advisor) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
The starting point of this work is the concept of indigenous animism in Félix Guattari's late work at the end of his life, understood as a form of subjectivity operating through different regimes of signs than the "modern" one. These animist semiotics are "polysemic" and "trans-individual," while instead of building a sharp division between the spheres of "nature" and "culture", they inhabit reality by "collective entities half-thing half-soul, half- man half-animal, machine and flow, matter and sign." The aim of most of the following text is then primarily to trace these semiotics across the joint work of Deleuze and Guattari. After introducing the context of Deleuze's philosophy and its specific "image of thought," and explaining its basic concepts, we will focus on the description and comparison of the semiotic "ethnographies" of Anti-Oedipus and A Thousand Plateaus. The first volume traces the "universal history" of the ways of hominization (becoming human) of man from the state of nature, through various forms of inscription, which constitute society and culture. These modes are several and do not work only through language. In the limit experience of schizophrenia, the authors of Anti-Oedipa find a moment preceding all these historically contingent forms of hominization. In contrast, the...
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A Narrative Analysis of the "Ideal Woman" discourse in Vlasta Magazine
Maňhalová, Martina ; Charvát, Martin (advisor) ; Češka, Jakub (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on a discursive object called "ideal woman ", which is constructed in the Vlasta magazine. It is a women's magazine suitable for middle - aged ladies. In this work, I will examine the discourse, which is based on an implicit critique of the masculine order of the world, but the discourse is paradoxically structured to covertly affirm this order. I will focus on naturalization strategies of how the discursive object of the "ideal woman" is presented to the reader as natural. The aim of the work is the analysis of media content using tools combining narrative theory and discursive analysis. Key words: Discourse, narration, ideal woman, magazine, stereotypes, Vlasta
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Cyborg as a Representation of the Relationship Between Man and Technology in Visual Culture
Petričák, Filip ; Charvát, Martin (advisor) ; Řehořová, Irena (referee)
This master thesis deals with the topic of the relationship between man and technology, which is represented by cyborg characters in visual culture. The aim is to create a stereotype of individual cyborg characters from selected cyber-punk works, on the basis of which I can reflect the vision and ideas of the relationship between the organic and technical in the future world. This work is divided into four chapters - the first chapter focuses on cyber-punk as a sub-genre of sci-fi, in the second I define the cyborg character and the postmodern theoretical background, which are related to the cyborg, in the third chapter I present the theoretical basis for the analysis of characters and specify methodological procedures, in the final chapter I analyze the individual works.
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Consequences of Reconceptualization of New Media Artworks
Scholz, Petr ; Charvát, Martin (advisor) ; Váša, Ondřej (referee)
Within the new social and technological conditions of the second half of the 20th century, new conceptions of art are being established, later described as "New Media Art". Automated processes (often with integration of artificial intelligence) of artistic creation questions the status of authorship over the final artifact. Next to the ambiguities regarding the status of the artist, the nature of the works themselves is also changing (uniqueness, simulations). The aim of the thesis is to provide theoretical and philosophical analysis of new media artworks based on the synthesis of theoretical background provided by perspectives of multiple authors. This theoretical frame, along with own practical knowledge, will be used for the analysis of selected specific new media art projects, which will provide a closer view on the contemporary computer generated artworks. The end of the thesis will be formulate thoughts about possible future developments in the field of automated creation of algorithmic art or authorship.
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Construction and Testimony: Dual Approach to Photography in Work of Didi-Huberman
Frídová, Martina ; Charvát, Martin (advisor) ; Váša, Ondřej (referee)
5 Abstract This thesis deals with topic concerning photography and its relation to reality in work of French philosopher and art historian Georges Didi-Huberman. The thesis is divided into two main chapters. The first main part includes introduction to Didi- Huberman's approach and familiarization with his terms as well as theoretical analysis of photography through his work. This part also includes comparison with approach of the other authors, for example with Roland Barthes. The goal of this thesis is to identify possible ways thinking about photography, from the perspective of photography as a construct and photography as a testimony. The goal of the second main part is to use Didi-Huberman's approach and apply it on several selected photographies within contemporary context. Key Words Didi-Huberman, photograph, construction, testimony, surviving images
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