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Modern Trends of Urban Development as a Significant Component of human-security policy in urban spaces of 21st Century
Masare, Vít ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The aim of this research paper is to answer the question: to what measure, from the perspective of the human security concept, do the progressive participatory- inclusive trends of urban development, built on the principle of organic thinking about city-society, represent a cheaper, efficient and long-term preventive strategies to counter violence and insecurity compared to rather traditional control-repressive reaction using security forces and whether they are universally applicable. The direction where the urban development agenda, eventually infrastructure building, will evolve has the capacity to influence everyday security and quality of life of more than half of the global population. No matter if and how the national armies are prepared, if and where can the state allocate basic energetic resources or how is the state ready to face eventual terrorist attack. Presented examples of a breakthrough transformation of society, physical environment and security n Bogotá under the mayors Mockus and Penalosa together with the transformation of development strategies of New York City based on the reflection of the globally growing discourse of the human scale urbanism and human security in cities under mayor Bloomberg both demonstrate that in efforts to increase the comprehensive quality of life and...
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Role of small states in the Persian Gulf with special emphasis on a client-patron relationship
Kocourek, Tomáš ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
The Bachelor thesis the Role of small states in the Persian Gulf with special emphasis on a client-patron relationship is divided into three parts, whose aim is to show the development of the position of so called small states in the Persian Gulf region in their modern history. The first part deals with the theoretical background of international relations, which is important part of their research. This section explores the most important characteristics of theories of constructivism, neo-realism and theory of regional security complex and also attributes of some important concepts like relationship between patron and client or the way of alliance formation. The second part is devoted to the most important moments of 1980s and first half of 1990s in the Persian Gulf region, which affected development of this region. The third part puts emphasis on some important moments in last 20 years, which gave direction to the development of one of the small states of Persian Gulf - Qatar. The main axis of the second and third part is foremost partnership of these small states with the United States of America, which are in the position of patron. The end of theoretical part is supplemented by a table that contains the basic assumptions for behaviour of small states and the validity of these assumptions in...
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Conflicts in Syria and Libya from the Perspective of the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine
Filipková, Tereza ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to find out whether it was legitimate according to the concept of Responsibility to Protect that the international community intervened in the civil conflict in Libya but not in the civil conflict in Syria. First of all, the method of comparative case study, the theory of liberal internationalism and the doctrine of neoliberal interventionism is described. Consequently, the key features of the R2P concept are pointed out. In order to answer the research question I had to operationalize the criteria of legitimate armed intervention because the Report of International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, which is the basic document of R2P, uses vague terms. After I confronted both conflicts with the operacionalized criteria, I came to the conclusion that the intervention and the nonintervention are in these cases legitimate. Logically, the case of Libya fulfilled all the criteria. In the case of the Syrian civil war the criterion of reasonable prospects is not fulfilled. The different circumstances that led to the conflicts are the reason of this conclusion. Syrian society is in contrast to the Libyan one ethnically and religiously heterogenic. This is also strengthened by the fact that the country is ruled by authoritarian regime of the elite of the minority for decades.
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Armament in Latin America - new security threat?
Jančárková, Andrea ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
Andrea Jančárková, Armament in Latin America - New Security Threat? Abstract Master thesis "Armament in Latin America - new security threat?" deals with increase in defense spending since the end of 1990s in Latin, America. During that period, significant increase of defense spending and arms acquisition was registered. These activities raised concerns about existence of an arms race in the region. Master thesis aims to analyze real situation of increased defense spending and attempts to find its causes. Theoretical background is based on arms race definition of Michael D. Wallace and Colin Gray and concept of John Herz security dilemma. To better respond to research questions, discourse analysis is applied with focus on official and academic discourse dealing with defense spending in Latin America. The master thesis did not confirm the existence of an arms race in the region.
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U.S.-India Strategic Partnership as a Balance for China's Increasing Power
Hadrava, Lukáš ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
The master thesis called US-India Strategic Partnership as a Balance for China's Increasing Power examines development of relationship between USA and India in the years 2000-2011. American foreign policy toward India has been transformed in this period; it has evolved from open hostility during Cold War and mistrust in the nineties to the position when it is helping India to gain status of global importance. Improvement of US-India ties are explained by the need of the United States to contain increasing Chinese power. Main arguments of the analysis are based on the realistic balance of power theory, which is further enhanced by the by Joseph Nye's three dimensional concept of power. The thesis therefore distinguishes three different sources of threat to American dominant position caused by China. These sources are following: expanding China's sphere of influence into Indian Ocean and South China Sea; US-China bilateral trade deficit and high amount of American bonds owned by China, challenge to the legitimacy of American power by soft power of China. American efforts to establish cooperation with India in order to balance Chinese influence can be founded in all of these issues. The thesis concludes that motivation of the United States to enter into a strategic partnership with India can be...
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The influence of human security in the process of legalisation and legitimisation of humanitarian intervention
Gřešák, Martin ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
1 Abstract Humanitarian intervention is one of the most contentious issues of contemporary international politics. The roots of the concept of humanitarian intervention can be traced back to the just war theory. Having examined the practice of states, I lean towards the opinion that the international custom legalizing humanitarian intervention has not fully crystallized. Although the realist school comes up with a few very convincing points, I think that the Charter of the United Nations, as it stands now, does not allow to carry out a humanitarian intervention. The International Court of Justice case law does not consider humanitarian intervention legal. The concept of human security became one of the fundamental sources of legitimization of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine. It also served as one of the principles, upon which the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty had built the doctrine of The Responsibility to Protect. The principles of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine were passed by the UN General Assembly at the 2005 World Summit. A year later, these principles were referred to in a Security Council resolution on the protection of civilians in armed conflict. Although the United Nations General Assembly resolutions are not legally binding, their come from the fact...
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The concept of "Responsibility to Protect" and the international community. The case of Sudan
Linková, Zuzana ; Werkman, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
The thesis "Concept Responsibility to Protect Within International Community: Sudan Case Study" focuses on the R2P concept and its implications since its approval at the World Summit in 2005. The theoretical part of the thesis explains the R2P concept, its constitution, the three pillars and their main principles, and categories of crimes on which the concept can be applied. This section includes an analysis of attitudes, which the key international actors adopted towards the R2P. The last chapter of the theoretical part examines the main problems, challenges and difficulties of the concept which could the international community face when implementing the concept. The practical part of this thesis relates to the conflict in Darfur. Its first chapter deals with the evolution of tensions in Sudan, which had affected the current conflict. The second chapter focuses on the present conflict since its beginning in 2003, including the debate about the possibility of potential genocide committed by the Sudanese government. The involvement of the key international actors (the UNSC and AU) in the conflict is discussed in this part as well. Finally, the last part interconnects the concept through the three pillars with the conflict and; it evaluates functioning of the R2P in the case of Sudan. The evaluation...
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US Foreign Policy under Ronald Reagan: Strategic Defense Initiative and the disarmament process
Valko, Patrik ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
In master thesis "U.S. Foreign Policy under Ronald Reagan: Strategic Defense Initiative and disarmament process" is analysed development of the Strategic Defense Initiative and consequent disarmament process in the second half of 1980's. At the beginning of the thesis it is mentioned a stadium of disarmament by the end of 1970's, but the main attention focuses on the Ronald Reagan's presidential administration, when the development of the SDI started. Master thesis also analyses disarmament dialogue among representatives of the United States and the Soviet Union, which started in Geneva in 1985, and continued in Reykjavik, Washington, and Moscow.
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Impact of the activities of US private military companies on the monopoly of the legitimate use of violence in the case of the US and Iraq
Manasterská, Lenka ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
This master thesis analyses impact of private military companies on the monopoly on legitimate violence. It examines the influence of private military companies on this monopoly in case of the United States and Iraq during the war in Iraq. The united States are in a position of a sending state that has had a long tradition of using these companies. On the other hand Iraq can be seen as a weak state and one could presume that the use of private military companies has a negative impact on its monopoly on violence. Just to validate the negative or positive impact of these companies a state and size of the militaries as main means of violence, and a capability to enforce law on a state's territory is analyzed.
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The role of nuclear weapons in the 21st Century U.S. security strategy : comparation of documentation Nuclear Posture Review from the years 2001 and 2010
Smetana, Michal ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
The present thesis aims to compare the approach of the Bush and Obama administrations towards the role of nuclear weapons in the United States security strategy. The author focuses at the Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) reports from 2001 and 2010, employing a detailed comparative analysis of their respective content as well as their implications. The analysis concentrates at broader conceptual issues as well as very concrete steps related to specific elements of the United States strategic arsenal. The author of the thesis argues that the current political discourse which attributes a nearly revolutionary character to the approach of the Obama administration to the United States nuclear policy does not fully match the actual dimension of change between the NPR of 2001 and 2010. In fact, the evolution of the United States nuclear strategy maintains its own dynamics in many aspects. Additionally, the present thesis also tries to analyze both documents within the context of the evolution of the United States nuclear strategy since the 1990s which allows the author to identify the shifts as well as the patterns of continuity in the US nuclear policy in the post-Cold War period.
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