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Personality predictors of exercise addiction in competitive sport
Vítková, Tereza ; Mudrák, Jiří (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
Exercise addiction is becoming a recognized concern, particularly prevalent in elite athletic environments where the pursuit of perfection is emphasized. Despite growing awareness of problematic exercise behaviors, research investigating the underlying risk factors remains limited. This study aimed to examine personality predictors of exercise addiction in Czech elite athletes. A sample of 168 competitive athletes, aged 18 to 30 years, completed assessments including the Exercise Addiction Inventory, Sport Motivation Scale-6, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, Performance Perfectionism Scale-Sport, and the Neuroticism Scale from Big Five Inventory. In terms of prevalence, the findings revealed that 16.5 % of athletes exhibited problematic signs of exercise addiction, while 76.7 % were potentially at risk with low severity of symptoms. No significant differences were observed between different groups of sports. Using multiple linear regression, the study demonstrated a significant overall effect of personality predictors on exercise addiction. Neuroticism, introjected regulation, and athletic identity were identified as significant predictors of exercise addiction. These findings highlight the importance of psychological factors such as personality traits and motivational regulation in...
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Racism in Bernardine Evaristo's Girl, Woman, Other
Drobiszová, Jolanta ; Chalupský, Petr (advisor) ; Topolovská, Tereza (referee)
Bernardine Evaristo's book Girl, Woman, Other follows stories of twelve mainly British women throughout the 20th and the 21st centuries. This diploma thesis explores Evaristo's portrayal of British racism in this novel, its various forms and influence on identity and life experience. The first part provides a theoretical background, which presents on the notion of race, racism and its different types, postcolonial concepts of otherness, liminality and hybridity, novel's historical context, and Bernardine Evaristo and her approach to Girl, Woman, Other. The second part analyses the particular instances of race oppression. It explores the identity struggles of Black British citizens caused by feeling of non-belonging, pressure of society, clash of cultures, internalization of racism, and African heritage. Next it deals with interpersonal racism reflected in racially biased stereotyping and prejudiced comments. The analysis further addresses the complexity of oppression and privilege and discusses how racism intersects with sexism and classism. Last it looks into institutional racism, such as lack of anti-discriminatory laws in post-World War II Britain, inequality in education, abuse of power by police, and typecasting of Black actors in theatre. KEY WORDS racism, Girl, Woman, Other, postcolonialism,...
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Variability of Lepidium campestre seed mass concerning nutrition
Tučková, Kristýna ; Mašková, Tereza (advisor) ; Dostál, Petr (referee)
Seed production allows plants to maintain their genetic diversity, survive in dormancy through unfavourable conditions and disperse to new distant sites. Seed's own size reflects the amount of provisions designated for its germination, thus the rate and success of its germination. Seed size can also suggest dispersion distance, a chance to avoid seed predators, and how likely the seedling will withstand unfavourable conditions right after germination and before the formation of necessary structures for growth independent of maternal supplies. In general, the more nutrients a plant acquires during seed production, the bigger the number or size of seeds it can produce. In some cases, more nutrient uptake can lead to the production of more numerous and bigger seeds simultaneously, however, the direction of increased investment in reproduction highly depends on plant species. This work studies the effect of nutrient gradient in the environment on the variability of seed size in Lepidium campestre. It explores how seed traits change along the maternal environmental nutrient gradient, specifically how their number, size and seed coat thickness responds to the gradient. Subsequently, this work discusses the persistence of the maternal nutrient effect in the second generation, phenomenon called the...
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Semi-automatic approach to secondary sex diagnosis Rdss (Santos, 2021): Applicability in an archaeological sample
Galovičová, Tereza ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Galeta, Patrik (referee)
The new R package rdss (Santos, 2021) aims to facilitate and fast track secondary sex diagnosis in large archaeological assemblages. This thesis is focused on evaluating the applicability of this new package in a real burial site dataset, as it has not yet been evaluated in this way. The applicability of the package was evaluated by comparing the results of sex diagnosis of a set of 307 adult individuals from the burial site at the 3rd church of the Great Moravian settlement in Mikulčice with the results of evaluation of the same set of individuals in previous studies by Stloukal (1967) and Zazvonilova and colleagues (2020). Using four methods of primary sex diagnosis, sex was estimated at a posterior probability level of 0.95 for 234 individuals (76.2% of the evaluated population). Secondary sex diagnosis using the rdss package estimated sex at a posterior probability level of 0.95 for 37 individuals (12.1% of the evaluated population). The total number of estimated individuals was 271 (88.3% of the evaluated population). This yield of sex diagnosis was comparable to the yield in the previous two studies. The three studies were compared using the masculinity index, which showed the same trend of male predominance over female in the population in all three cases. The agreement of the frequencies of...
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Mining novel terpene synthases from large-scale repositories
Čalounová, Tereza ; Pluskal, Tomáš (advisor) ; Štáfková, Jitka (referee)
Terpenes and terpenoids represent the largest and most structurally diverse group of natural products, with applications across many fields, including the pharmaceutical industry. These molecules are synthesized in nature by enzymes known as terpene synthases. This thesis conducted a bioinformatic analysis of a curated database containing all 1125 experimentally characterized terpene synthases, focusing on identifying patterns in sequence lengths and domain architectures of these enzymes across different kingdoms of life. Based on this analysis's knowledge, sequence-guided mining was conducted to identify possible new terpene synthases. Using nearly 5.5 billion protein sequences from various large-scale sequence repositories, the mining resulted in the identification of more than 600 thousand putative terpene synthases. These putative terpene synthases mainly originate from Bacteria and metagenomes, sources that had historically been less explored. The resulting dataset, accompanied by a phylogenetic tree, sequence similarity network, and two prioritization scores, offers a valuable resource for the discovery of novel terpenes. Keywords: terpene synthase, TPS, mining, Pfam, SUPERFAMILY, domain, terpene
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Effects of microplastics on earthworm gut microbiome, their immunity system and metabolome
Flohrová, Tereza ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lišková, Petra (referee)
Microplastics are widespread pollutants found in aquatic, atmospheric, and soil environments. They are released directly into the soil, for example, from mulch films and textiles. Microplastics accumulate in the soil and can have a negative impact on soil microfauna and macrofauna. Earthworms, acting as ecosystem engineers, and soil and gut bacteria play a significant role in biogeochemical cycles of biogenic elements. Disruption of earthworm function, their gut bacteria, or soil bacteria could have an impact on the entire ecosystem. In the context of this thesis, earthworms of the species Apporectodea sp. were exposed to microplastics from polypropylene black nonwoven textile at concentrations of 1 g/kg soil and 0.0265 g/kg soil for 14, 28, and 56 days. DNA was sequenced to identify bacteria from the earthworm gut, gut contents, and rearing soil. Additionally, untargeted analysis of metabolites from the earthworm body and extraction of immune cells from earthworms using three different methods were conducted. No significant changes caused by the presence of microplastics were found in the representation of bacteria from the gut, gut contents, and soil, but statistically significant changes in the metabolome were detected. A sufficient number of immune cells could not be isolated from the...
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Peer mediation and its use in Czech and foreign schools
Voškerušová, Tereza ; Chlebounová, Irena (advisor) ; Kuba, Radim (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with peer mediation and its use in schools in Czechia, the USA and Spain. The first part of the thesis introduces peer mediation, its goals, limitations, and the process of mediation sessions. The first part of the thesis focuses on how peer mediation is implemented in schools in the form of peer mediation programs. Attention is paid to the key phases of implementation, i.e. program evaluation, selection and training of peer mediators. The thesis presents the benefits of these programs for the students, the teachers, and the school community. It summarizes the main influences on the success or, on the contrary, the failure of the programs. The second part of the thesis deals with the development and current use of peer mediation in schools in Czechia, the USA and Spain. Attention is paid to teacher training and legislation on peer mediation within each country. Significant peer mediation programs and schools that have implemented peer mediation are highlighted from each country.
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Global phylogeography of the deep-sea fishes
Knězů, Tereza ; Musilová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vukićová, Jasna (referee)
Phylogeography of deep-sea fish remains poorly explored, largely due to the extreme conditions in which these organisms live and limited technological capabilities for researching these species. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the information known about the phylogeography of deep-sea fish, identify factors influencing population distributions, and connect them on a global scale. The distribution of deep-sea fish populations is influenced by physical, topographic, and hydrographic factors. Their connectivity is driven by the migratory abilities of fish and the utilization of marine currents for their dispersion. Migration is divided into vertical and horizontal. The vast majority of deep sea fish undergo some form of migration, at least during ontogenetic development. The most common is diurnal vertical migration, where fish regularly move to shallower depths at night for feeding. Molecular methods, mainly mitochondrial DNA markers, were used for research to determine the phylogenetic tree of species. The results suggest that the topography of the seafloor is rarely a barrier to the flow of genetic information. Furthermore, the results often refute the hypothesis of isolation caused by the distance between populations. They often exhibit a relatively high rate of panmixia. When speciation...
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