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Mathematical modelling of thin films of martensitic materials
Pathó, Gabriel ; Kružík, Martin (advisor) ; Kalamajska, Agnieszka (referee) ; Šilhavý, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the thesis is the mathematical and computer modelling of thin films of martensitic materials. We derive a thermodynamic thin-film model on the meso-scale that is capable of capturing the evolutionary process of the shape-memory effect through a two-step procedure. First, we apply dimension reduction techniques in a microscopic bulk model, then enlarge gauge by neglecting microscopic interfacial effects. Computer modelling of thin films is conducted for the static case that accounts for a modified Hadamard jump condition which allows for austenite--martensite interfaces that do not exist in the bulk. Further, we characterize $L^p$-Young measures generated by invertible matrices, that have possibly positive determinant as well. The gradient case is covered for mappings the gradients and inverted gradients of which belong to $L^\infty$, a non-trivial problem is the manipulation with boundary conditions on generating sequences, as standard cut-off methods are inapplicable due to the determinant constraint. Lastly, we present new results concerning weak lower semicontinuity of integral functionals along (asymptotically) $\mathcal{A}$-free sequences that are possibly negative and non-coercive. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Late Toxicity of Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer - Clinical Aspects
Vlková, Jana ; Odrážka, Karel (advisor) ; Kubecová, Martina (referee) ; Šlampa, Pavel (referee)
Late Toxicity of Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer - Clinical Aspects. (Influence of Hormonal Therapy on Chronic Gastrointestinal Toxicity in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy) Besides dose escalation, hormonal therapy is the second factor that can prolong survival in men with localized prostate cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate if hormonal ablation influence the incidence of chronic gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity in men treated with radiotherapy. Materials and methods: We evaluated data of chronic toxicity in 320 men irradiated by 3D-CRT technique with a dose of 70 or 74 Gy and 233 men irradiated by IMRT with a dose of 78 or 82 Gy. Toxicity was scored using RTOG and FC-LENT criteria. Results: There was no difference in chronic GI or GU toxicity if we evaluated all the patients together. Also no significant difference was observed in the 3D-CRT group, we have only noticed a tendency to higher incidence of GI and lower incidence of GU toxicity in men with hormonal therapy. In the IMRT group, there was no difference in GI toxicity, but GU toxicity G3-4 was significantly higher in men with hormonal therapy (p = 0.045). If we evaluated separately neoadjuvant and adjuvant hormonal treatment, there were lower GU toxicity in...
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Antonio Campi (1523-1587). Between Mannerism and Baroque.
Hlušičková, Pavla ; Zlatohlávek, Martin (advisor) ; Daniel, Ladislav (referee) ; Přibyl, Petr (referee)
The dissertation evaluated the formal, stylistic and contextual analysis of the painting oeuvre of the Cremonese native Antonio Campi. Monographic elaboration of Campi's oeuvre complement to the existing range of syntheses a number of information that has been in the literature so far omitted. The work assessed Antonio's oeuvre on the revision of archival material preserved in Milanese and Cremonese state and church archives, as well as by the means of thorough study of the secondary literature. Chronology of Campi's production was based on the stylistic and formal analysis and at the same time it has been enriched by a number of comparisons of the Lombardy-Ligurian region. Perspective at Antonio's oeuvre was accompanied by drawings and panel paintings that have emerged in the art market in recent years. With this thorough analysis, it became clear that the simple definition of an older Italian scientific literature that had Antonio Campi understood as a painter, who by his work formed the basis of Caravaggio chiaroscuro approach in the last decades of the 16th century and in the early years of the 17th age, proved to be inaccurate. It became clear that with this view we can not identify ourselves any more. Constant changes in mood, surprise, unpredictability, restlessness and individuality, the...
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Study of ultrafine-grained materials prepared with different methods of severe plastic deformation
Krajňák, Tomáš ; Mathis, Kristián (advisor) ; Hadzima, Branislav (referee) ; Kalvoda, Ladislav (referee)
Title: Study of ultrafine-grained materials prepared with different methods of severe plastic deformation Author: RNDr. Tomáš Krajňák Department: Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Kristián Máthis, PhD., Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Abstract: Interstitial free steel with ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure was prepared by high-pressure torsion (HPT). The development of the microstructure as a function of the number of HPT turns was studied at the centre, half-radius and periphery of the HPT-processed disks by X-ray line profile analysis (XLPA), positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and electron microscopy. The dislocation densities and the dislocation cell sizes determined by XLPA were found to be in good agreement with those obtained by PAS. The evolution of the dislocation density, the dislocation cell and grain sizes, the vacancy cluster size, as well as the high-angle grain boundary (HAGB) fraction was determined as a function of the equivalent strain. It was found that first the dislocation density saturated, then the dislocation cell size reached its minimum value and finally the grain size got saturated. For very high strains after the...
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Procedure before the International Criminal Court
Linhartová, Radka ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Bílková, Veronika (referee) ; Beránek, Milan (referee)
The paper analyses the trial before the International Criminal Court (ICC) in the light of theoretical models elaborated in the State traditions - the continental (inquisitorial) system and the Anglo-American (adversarial) system. Hypothesis from the beginning of this paper according to which the trial is predominantly based on features of the continental (inquisitorial) criminal procedure has been confirmed. Regulations comprise the trial procedure before the ICC contain mostly provisions typical for continental (inquisitorial) criminal procedure. The paper contain the case study of the first trial before the ICC (Thomas Lubanga case) with a view to procedural problems at this stage of the proceeding. The way of interpretation typical mainly for continental (inquisitorial) criminal procedure have been used as a solution of these problems.
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Aspects of identification of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Djakow, Jana ; Cinek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Vízek, Martin (referee) ; Panczak, Aleš (referee)
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare but underdiagnosed genetic disease. This innate disorder of motile cilia causes a non-functional mucociliary clearance which is the main reason for a clinical picture of recurrent or chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Fertility disorders or abnormal organ situs can also be found in some patients. The diagnosis of PCD is extremely complicated and complex. A combination of several diagnostic procedures as well as skilled personnel and special technical equipment are usually needed for the PCD diagnostics. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the PCD etiopathogenesis and the advanced diagnostics has become available, therapeutic possibilities are rather limited and the treatment efficiency still remains to be confirmed by the evidence base medicine. The dissertation thesis assembles several publications in which different aspects of primary ciliary dyskinesia were addressed. The most extensive part of our research addressed rapidly evolving possibilities of PCD genetic diagnostics. We studied possibility of priority sequencing of several segments of the genes DNAH5 and DNAI1 which were known to be the most frequently mutated genes in the PCD patients at the time of the study. We proved this method being able to...
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Organization and Equipment of the army in 15th century: parallel development in France, Burgundy and in the Central Europe.
Biederman, Jan ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor) ; Bláhová, Marie (referee) ; Čornej, Petr (referee)
Organization and equipment of the army in 15th century: parallel development in France, Burgundy and in the Central Europe The form of the military organization, providing of food supply, technical possibilities and conditions of transport and, of course, a character of armament had share in qualities of the army during the late Middle Ages as well as in the other eras. In this context were important contemporary technical possibilities of the weapon production, commerce of weapons and last but not least also the attitude to the progressively developed group of weapons - firearms. Purpose of this thesis is comparison of aforementioned themes context between the middle Europe with the emphasis on Bohemian lands and francophone west Europe, presented by the kingdom of France both with the duchy of Burgundy. Final aim of this effort is searching of different specifics in the studied regions together with the detection of identical trends and influences. Keywords: military organization - food supply - weapons production and armament - firearms - transport
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Mosquitoes and biting midges as vectors in the Czech Republic
Rádrová, Jana ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Modrý, David (referee) ; Alten, Bülent (referee)
Insect is the largest and the most diverse class of animals and many species have significant impact to people and his activities, whether positive or negative. Since the late 19th century it is known, that bloodsucking insects can serve as vectors of pathogens, causative agents of many infection diseases. As climate change, the distribution and abundance of arthropods including bloodsucking insects can be affected. Emergence of new vector-borne diseases in Europe is likely to be among the most important effects of global changes. In recent years, several vector-borne diseases affecting humans and domestic animals have (re)emerged and spread in Europe with major health, ecological and socio-economical consequences. For example mosquito-borne West Nile virus affects human and animal health, as well. On the other hand, two newly emerged zoonosis, caused by Bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses and transmitted by biting midges, affect mainly small domestic ruminants. In the frame of broader projects, two epidemiological and entomological surveys focused on mosquitoes and biting midges as possible vectors of West Nile virus, Bluetongue or Schmallenberg virus were carried out in the Czech Republic. New mosquito and biting midges species were recorded for the Czech Republic, the presence of West Nile...
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The use of comet assay for measurement of DNA integrity in clinical and applied research
Bagryantseva, Yana ; Novotná, Božena (advisor) ; Rubeš, Jiří (referee) ; Štětina, Rudolf (referee)
Single cell gel electrophoresis or comet assay combined with enzymes of excision repair is a method for measuring DNA strand breaks and oxidative damage. Using this approach we analysed ineffective hematopoiesis in patients with low-risk MDS. Refractory anemia (RA) exhibited a higher DNA instability in bone marrow cells when compared to controls and the extent of DNA fragmentation correlated with cytopenia. No similar relationship was observed in RA with ring sideroblasts (RARS), although the levels of DNA breaks markedly exceeded even the values detected in RA. Both groups of patients also showed high levels of oxidative damage to DNA. However, there was no clear relationship to the levels of serum ferritin, cytopenia or associated inflammation. This suggested that the oxidative DNA damage per se is not responsible for extensive apoptosis in low-risk MDS. In any case, it undoubtedly contributes to genome instability and disease progression. The second part of thesis was aimed to the impact of air pollution and genetic polymorphisms on oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins of city bus drivers and garagemen. Both groups exhibited a higher level of DNA breaks and oxidative damage to proteins than the controls, while an increased level of lipid peroxidation was detected only in bus drivers. The...
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