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Genus Apodemus (Mammalia: Rodentia) in the Quaternary fossil record of Central Europe.
Knitlová, Markéta ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee) ; Čermák, Stanislav (referee)
Wood mice of the genus Apodemus rank among the most common extant mammals throughout Europe. A history of its species and their distributional ranges is to be looked upon as a serious topic relevant also for general concepts on current setting of European biotic diversity. Nevertheless, despite several phylogeographic studies on that subject and a rich fossil record of the genus, many details of that issue remains only very poorly comprehended. This state is essentially caused by enormous complications with phenotype discrimination of individual species, their extensive variation and broad between-species overlaps in all phenotype traits. The present project was intended to establish the techniques enabling reliable species identification applicable to fragmentary fossil materials and to use them for retrieving information on range dynamics and phylogenetic history of individual species during the Quaternary past. It begun with detailed morphometric analyses of extant populations, using the characters available in fossils, and with establishing a concept of alternative parataxonomic classification covering the complete phenotype span of the genus. The respective techniques were applied onto an extensive set of well-dated records from the Late Pleistocene-Holocene sedimentary series from diverse...
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Medieval Stencil Painting in Central Europe
Csémyová, Eva ; Royt, Jan (advisor) ; Hlaváčková, Jana Hana (referee)
This thesis focuses on the topic of stencil painting in Central Europe. Based on the review of literature the current state of research is described and the technology is placed in the broader context of the decorative techniques used in the Middle Ages. Attention is paid to the history, process of making of the templates, method of their printing, the typology of used designs, the question of performing artists or craftsmen and wide possibilities of its application for the panel or mural paintings. The main focus of the thesis is the use of stencil painting and its specifics in the case of use for the polychrome of flat wooden ceilings and mobiliary in the churches interiors. The motifs used for their decoration are examined with regard to iconography, considered is also the possibility of the existence of overall iconographic program. The second part of the thesis consists of a catalogue with locations, where the stencil paintings have been used for decoration of flat ceilings or mobiliary in Czech, Slovak and Polish Republic. Keywords medieval art, stencil painting, ornament, Central Europe, wooden flat ceilings, mobiliary, polychrome, iconography
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Status of LGBT people in selected Central European countries
Eckhardt, Kryštof ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Šerý, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis analyses the status of LGBTQ people in selected Central European countries through a discursive analysis of selected media and legislative sources. The thesis examines the development of the legal status of LGBTQ people in each state, and it also addresses the question of the impact of the phantom Iron Curtain border on the situation of LGBTQ people in each state. Through the research conducted, it has been found that in the last ten years there has been both an improvement and a deterioration in the legal status of LGBTQ people in Central Europe. Between 2014 and 2024, same-sex marriage was introduced in Germany, Austria and Slovenia, and the Czech Parliament adopted an amendment to the Civil Code in 2024, which will introduce same-sex partnerships on 1 January 2025, guaranteeing more rights for same-sex couples, including, in part, parental rights. The introduction of a similar registered partnership is expected in Poland after the change of government. Hungary is a country that has pursued a highly restrictive policy towards LGBTQ people over the past decade. The situation in Slovakia continued to deteriorate after the terrorist attack in Bratislava. Furthermore, the phantom border of the former Iron Curtain has been found to have enormous discursive power on the issue of LGBTQ...
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Genome duplication in Stellaria genus - the more, the merrier? Link between ploidy levels and sexual polymorphism.
Krtilová, Eliška ; Slovák, Marek (advisor) ; Prančl, Jan (referee)
Polyploidization in angiosperms, a well-documented phenomenon, often correlates with a diversity of reproductive strategies, including sexual polymorphism, impacting their evolution and expression. This relationship is particularly intriguing in high polyploids, where the interaction can be complex yet largely enigmatic. We investigated the connection between high polyploidy and sexual polymorphism in Stellaria palustris (Caryophylaceae), a species complex with exceptionally high levels of polyploidy exceeding decaploids and reportedly exhibiting variable sexual expression. To broaden our analysis, we included its relatives, diploid-tetraploid S. graminea and diploid S. longifolia. Our study focused on Central and Northern Europe, utilizing various methodological approaches, including genome size estimation, chromosome counting, genetic analyses based on Sanger sequencing, and evaluating floral organ variability and sexual expression. Major hypotheses examined associations between ploidy level and latitude, as well as ploidy level and sexual polymorphisms. Chromosome counts of S. palustris ranged from 2x = 154 - 208, corresponding to 2n=12x, 14x, and 16x, while for S. graminea and S. longifolia, we confirmed their originally known ploidies. Although chromosome counts did not unambiguously reflect...
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Technical and operational factors which has impact to the performance of airports in civil aviation
Květoň, Petr ; Šplíchal, Miroslav (referee) ; Chlebek, Jiří (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with factors that directly or indirectly affect the operation of the airport. The thesis contains theoretical notes of influencing factors, a list of aircraft and their characteristics, including mutual comparison in graphs. The next part focuses on the airport itself, where it tries to identify the factors that affect its operation, including historical events. The next part focuses on the selection of airports in Central Europe, determining the appropriate performance characteristics, which are then compared and evaluated.
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Mikroplasty a jejich vliv na životní prostředí
Kopicová, Jana
This bachelor thesis deals with plastic pollution in the environment predominantly focusing on microplastics. The aim of the theoretical part is to acquaint readers with the terminological background of plastics and their microscopic parts. This part also contains an overview of current information about sources, presence, and possible impact of microplastics in the environment centring on the water component. The theoretical part further discusses the effect of microplastics on living organisms and one’s health. In the practical part of the thesis, a questionnaire survey was carried out to find out respondents’ opinions and awareness of the given matter. The results of the survey confirmed that most of the respondents, despite being familiar with the term microplastics, are not well informed about their impact on the environment. The survey also indicates that this area lacks public awareness. Furthermore, a comparative analysis shows that more than 80% of the respondents would be in favour of refundable plastic bottles. Finally, the survey appears to confirm that respondents have poorer knowledge in legal regulations dealing with plastic waste.
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Political Cycles and Their Impact on Macroeconomic Indicators in the Central Europe
Botka, Jan ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Buliskeria, Nino (referee)
This study examines the impact of the political cycle on macroeconomic indica- tors in Central Europe, with a special focus on the Czech Republic. Thirty-nine Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models were constructed using data from 1998 to 2022 aiming to apply the Political Business Cycle (PBC) theory. It is the frst time the VAR model has been used in this context for most of the selected countries. As the main variables in the model, subject to potential infuence by political cycles, were chosen real GDP, infation and unemployment. The results showed that no consistent signifcant relationship exists across all coun- tries, with each nation displaying varying connections and occasional contra- dictions to the presupposed theory. Nevertheless, certain associations between the political cycle and macroeconomic indicators were observed in individual countries, supporting the presence of the PBC to some extent in the Czech Re- public, Hungary, and Austria. Conversely, no evidence or even contradictory results were found for the PBC in Slovakia, Poland, and Germany. Addition- ally, the presence of the "partisan" political cycle was identifed in Hungary but not in the Czech Republic, Germany, or Austria. Poland's signifcant results exhibited signs opposite to those expected. This research opens new...
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Long-term trends in the development of unemployment at the municipal level in selected countries of Central Europe
Sauerová, Kristýna ; Netrdová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Šťastná, Simona (referee)
The main aim of this master's thesis is to reveal patterns in spatial differentiation of unemployment at the municipal level in selected Central European countries and its changes in the new millennium. For this purpose, Central Europe is defined as the area of Poland, Czechia, Hungary, Austria, Slovakia, and Slovenia. This research is focused on the identification of spatial clusters of unemployment rates in selected countries by using advanced spatial and statistical methods, such as the Hot Spot Analysis. The outputs of the analysis categorize all municipalities into two main groups - clusters with high unemployment rates and clusters with low unemployment rates. Thereafter, these two categories are subjected to detail quantitative research, which examines their stability over the selected period (from 2005 to 2021). A cluster membership for each municipality is further explained by binary logistic regression models using also spatial, size, and resistance determinants. Finally, the results are explained in historical, social, and economic contexts from the socio-economic geographical view of each country. The analysis work with a database of unemployment rate consisting of data provided by national statistical and labour offices. Data from each office was collected, edited, and entered into a...
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Mustelid carnivores of Central Europe in the Quaternary fossil record
Vencová, Barbora ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Kyselý, René (referee)
The present paper reports results of detailed examination of fossil record of mustelid carnivores deposited in the collections of Faculty of Science, Charles University and National Museum Prague. In total 414 items were analyzed coming from 136 Quaternary and Pliocene community samples (6 MN51-17, 8 Q1, 10 Q2, 2 Q3, 104 Q4) of diverse sites in Czech Republic and Slovakia. Results of detailed biometrical analysis compared with corresponding data obtained in a set of extant taxa (204 ind. 8 spp.) and extensive literary resources revealed presence of 16 taxa (9 extant, 7 fossil). Larger samples enabling a more detailed analysis were available for the genus Martes, and in particular for a groups of Mustela nivalis - M.erminea which composed 77% of all fossil records. The earliest items (MN15-MN17) co-identified with M.pliocaenica conform well to expected common ancestor of both extant species. Yet, also those from the Early Pleistocene (MN17-Q2: M.praenivalis, M.plioerminea) show certain differences, which suggest that phenotype morphocline establishing extant populations established only during the Middle Pleistocene (Q3). A particularly rich sample available from the present glacial cycle (mostly continuous Vistulian - Holocene sequences) revealed unexpected predominance of the glacial records...
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