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Prohibition versus legalization of drugs from the perspective of law and economics
Sekret, Jan ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Hraba, Zdeněk (referee)
Název diplomové práce v anglickém jazyce, abstrakt v anglickém jazyce a klíčová slova Title of the thesis: Prohibition versus Legalization of Drugs from the Perspective of Law and Economics Abstract Drug prohibition has lasted for over a hundred years. In the last decade, however, more and more states are moving from restrictive drug policy to milder forms of drug regulation, including their partial legalization. This master's thesis is one of the first Czech studies that comprehensively deals with the prohibition and legalization of drugs from the perspective of law and economics. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze selected economic and legal aspects of current drug prohibition and possible legalization of drugs. Several methods have been used to achieve this objective, with the greatest emphasis being placed on the demand-supply analysis of the drug market, which is present in the economic part of this thesis. This analysis makes it possible to understand how drug market is affected by state interventions, why these interventions often fail or identify benefits of drug legalization. This is followed by description of the most significant economic implications of drug use and their prohibition. Consequently, the next section deals with a brief overview of the history of economic thought regarding...
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Impact of partial alcohol prohibition in the Czech Republic on the retail market with alcoholic beverages
Bóbiková, Jana ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
September 2012 had become known as a synonym for the methanol scandal in the Czech Republic during which over a hundred of individuals were hospitalized and several dozens of the patients died. This all occurred due to the ingestion of the adulterated alcohol. Whereas partial and time-limited prohibition which restricted the sales of alcoholic beverages with the alcohol content of 20 per cent and higher, was enforced in the Czech Republic from 14th to 27th September 2012. Due to further emerging poisonings in recent years is the topic of the methanol poisonings still relevant. The aim of the diploma paper is to depict the harm reduction strategies targeted on reducing the risks of the methanol poisonings used by the vulnerable target group of the alcoholic beverages consumers. Further are being outlined the risk behavior patterns and strategies in the targeted group of participants. According to the above mentioned aims is relevant to investigate the process of compliance of the emergency measures focused on the end market with the alcohol. Data gathered in the interviews with the retailers will help to obtain the general overview of the situation and supply the information about the possible plunges of the prohibition implementation and the strategies of the demand reduction implementation. The...
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Preconditions for the success of organized crime in Chicago during the Prohibition era
Goliáš, Petr ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Pondělíček, Jiří (referee)
Situation in Chicago during Prohibition time from 1920 to 1933, when the 18. ammandment was active and forbade production, transport and sale of alcoholic beverages had become a symbol for success of the organized crime. This thesis is up to analyze historical, geographical, demographical, economical and political proggression of Chicago, and determine the preconditions for succes of local organized crime and which reasons stood behind the success of Chicago's crime organizations of that time.
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Unintended consequences of drug prohibition: How does the drug abuse start?
Džmuráň, Daniel ; Schwarz, Jiří (advisor) ; Mikolášek, Jakub (referee)
Drug abuse is a major contemporary issue that draws attention of scientists as well as of the general public. Attitudes towards drug prohibition, however, differ greatly. On the one hand, the so called prohibitionists emphasize that each country needs to fight drug abuse. Their critics, on the other hand, argue that this approach constitutes baseless interfererence with the free market and personal freedom. In addition, oponents of drug prohibition point out to the various unintended consequences that the prohibition brings along. Author of this text pays a special attention to the concept of these consequences and, as a result, gives a detailed overview of existing research on unintended consequences in the context of drug prohibition. The main goal of this text is to contribute into the discussion on drug prohibition by conducting a specific empirical research that discloses one of the negative consequences of the prohibition - the illegal black market. Being a direct effect of the drug prohibition, the black market increases the availability of drugs to teenagers. The validity of this effect was confirmed by data obtained by questionnaires from a sample of Prague drug users. The reason is that the data shows that the entrance into the black market for teenagers is enabled by their immediate...
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Effect of methanol affair on patterns of alcohol use in the Czech Republic: online survey
Přibylová, Eva ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vavrinčíková, Lenka (referee)
In the fall of 2012 took place in the Czech Republic, the methanol case - were poisoned and subsequently to the death of many people. According Zakharov (2013, oral communication) is currently the actual number of victims as 58, with the death of the last of methanol poisoning occurred in early December 2013. Methanol was poisoned dozens of people, from those who survived methanol poisoning has many of them probably lifelong consequences - especially disturbances and disorders of the central nervous system. The main objective of this thesis is to describe what has or has Methanol cause effects on patterns of alcohol and behavior related to alcohol use among target groups and to compare any differences in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, the awareness about the issue of methanol and patterns of use (including use of a harmful dependence). For the realization of this investigation was chosen quantitative research. The theoretical part focuses on alcohol (pharmacodynamics, kinetics, effects of alcohol on the human body or patterns of use). I mention the alcohol addiction and treatment options. I also deal with methanol (kinetics, metabolism, toxicity and poisoning), and finally to the specific aspects of mass poisoning with methanol in the Czech Republic. Data were collected from 25 May to...
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Public sphere in printed media and on Internet: comparative analysis
Čížková, Lucie ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Trampota, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis presents an analysis of the public sphere in the environment of two different media types. The analysis is performed on the basis of the extent of different participants in the media contents which were related to the declaration of the ban on selling alcohol spirits in the Czech Republic in September 2012. The theoretical part of the paper is focused primarily on the definition of the basic concepts, such as new and traditional media, the public and the public sphere, then also on normative theories in general, along with a more detailed view on the normative theory of the public sphere, within which the paper is focused on participatory and discursive model of Jürgen Habermas. The second part of the paper provides on the basis of quantitative research, which was preceded by qualitative analysis, an empirical comparison of the extent of different participants and their access to the content of both media types. It also provides an overview of applied topics and contextual frameworks through which was a declaration of the ban on selling alcohol spirits in the media reported. In the conclusion, there is a statement which is based on the evaluation of the collected data. It was concluded, that the public sphere in the internet environment is not, considering the extent of participation of...
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Effect of partial prohibition on restaurants from the perspective of employees: a qualitative investigation
Coufalová, Veronika ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Běláčková, Vendula (referee)
OF THE THESIS Name: Bc. Veronika Coufalová, DiS. Specialization: Adictology Head of the thesis: Mgr. Jaroslav Vacek Opponent: Ing., Mgr., Bc. Vendula Běláčková Pages: 83 The name of the thesis: EFFECT OF PARTIAL PROHIBITION ON RESTAURANTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMPLOYEES: A QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION This thesis deals with how the prohibition reflected in the attitudes and behavior of employees and the behavior of consumers in restaurants and bars. The theoretical part is focused on the main substances alcohol and methanol, next on the related topics methanol cases and related facts in criminology. Another chapter is aimed at the prohibition in the country. The research was carried out through qualitative methods of data collection, which was formulated in the form of interviews, which were designed according to the draft of the questionnaire. This research was anonymous, respondents were informed of the ethical rules and the possibility of withdrawing from the research file. Next were used methods expert estimates for research changes in behavior and the method of triangulation. In the research was included 30 restaurants and bars selected nomination technique. Results are evaluated on the basis of data transferred from the audio recording into Excel spreadsheets, where it was possible to insert...
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Possibilities and impacts of potential liberalization of the alcohol market in the Czech republic based on the data from 2009 to 2015
Šilhavá, Lada ; Štípek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Strejček, Ivo (referee)
The target of this Bachelor thesis was to analyse the Alcohol Market in the Czech Republic and its regulation by excise taxation between 2009 and 2015. It aims on modeling potential situations of the market liberalization. Especially it examines changes in state budget and alcohol consumption as a result of fluctuation in both excise tax and value-added tax. It also deals with potential changes of medical services costs in relation to variable alcohol consumption. Some of the partial conclusions in this work are based on expierences from alcohol prohibition period in specific countries. The work includes introduction to Czech legislation, as well as it describes the excise taxes in terms of alcohol use. The Laffers curve has been applied on alcohol market and results into an conclusion, that involves reducing the excise taxes what will lead to stimulation of the relevant economic sector and may have effect on the services industry as well. The thesis is also recommending solutions on increased medical services costs in relation to higher alcohol consumption.
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Analysis of effectiveness of the psychoactive drugs prohibition and economic and social consequences of legalization
Mráz, Vít ; Štekláč, Jiří (advisor) ; Doležal, Ondřej (referee)
Nowadays, there is lot of discussion about drug legalization or about the inefficiency of the current prohibitive policy. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the economic and social impact of prohibition, compare them with the likely economic and social impact of legalization and then, from this comparison, evaluate which of these two policies is more efficient. The first part is an introduction of the topic of illicit drug policy and illicit drugs in general. In the second part, I evaluate the impact of these two policies on the wide spectrum of domains which drug policy affects. In the third part, where I summarize and compare the impacts of these two policies, I reach the conclusion, that prohibition compared to legalization causes significant increase in criminality, increases the harm of drugs used, increases the expenditure and lowers the revenue of the state budget and a lot of other negative effects. On the other hand, prohibition probably reduces the amount of drug users. Moreover I reach the conclusion that drug policy will be soon challenged by problems raised by new technologies. The thesis concludes that legalization would be better since it has the potential to reduce or completely minimize the negative impacts of prohibition.
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