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Attitude and Motivation of Nurses to Lifelong Learning
Bártlová, Erika ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Dorková, Zlatica (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of nurses' motivation for lifelong learning and their awareness of this topic. Target: The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to find out whether nurses have an overview of the individual forms of lifelong education of non-medical healthcare workers, whether and how they are motivated to participate in them, and what factors prevent them from participating in lifelong education programs. Methods: A questionnaire containing 22 questions was distributed electronically to the nurses. A total of 493 questionnaires were processed of which 348 general nurses, 70 children's nurses, 58 practical nurses, 8 midwives and 8 paramedics participated in the survey. The non-parametric statistical method Pearson's Chi-square was used for statistical data processing. Results: The results show that nurses' knowledge of individual programs and forms of lifelong learning varies depending on their age, length of professional practice and educational attainment. Nurses' interest in participating in lifelong learning programs decreases with increasing age and length of practice and is influenced by workload resulting from staff shortages. The biggest motivating factor turned out to be a higher financial reward. The most important demotivating factor is lack of time. Conclusions:...
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Targeting placental inflammation: Investigating the effects of glucose, metformin, and LPS on the NLRP3 inflammasome
Medková, Michaela ; Karahoda, Rona (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Eduard (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Michaela Medková Supervisor: PharmDr. Rona Karahoda, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Targeting placental inflammation: Investigating the effects of glucose, metformin, and LPS on the NLRP3 inflammasome Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common obstetric complications defined as glucose tolerance first detected during pregnancy. Recent research indicates that GDM is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, a phenomenon observed within the placenta as well. Importantly, the human placenta expresses high levels of NLRP3- inflammasome-associated molecules and secretes large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Elevated circulating levels of these cytokines, including IL-1β, have been linked to GDM. Moreover, metformin, a hypoglycemic agent used in pregnancy, has gained attention for its potential to modulate inflammasome activation. Thus, our study aimed to investigate the inflammatory response of human placental tissue to high glucose levels and LPS exposure and explore the potential anti-inflammatory effects of metformin. The study was conducted in villous placental explants isolated from human term placenta. qPCR and ELISA were used to evaluate the...
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Synthesis of novel hetero-fused 7-deazapurine nucleosides and nucleotides with potential biological activity or for modifications of DNA and RNA
Fleuti, Marianne Heidi ; Hocek, Michal (advisor) ; Míšek, Jiří (referee) ; Hlaváč, Jan (referee)
Doctoral Thesis Abstract Marianne Fleuti Synthesis of novel hetero-fused 7-deazapurine nucleosides and nucleotides with potential biological activity or for modifications of DNA and RNA In medicinal chemistry, 7-deazapurine ribonucleosides are important analogues to purine nucleosides and represent a privileged scaffold in the research for new treatments against cancer, leukemia, and diseases caused by viruses. This thesis discusses the synthesis of new heteroaryl-fused 7-deazapurine ribonucleosides and reports on the biological activity of the target nucleosides against different cancer cell lines and viruses in vitro. In the first part of the thesis, the focus lies on the comparison of strategies for the synthesis of different methylpyrazolo-fused 7-deazapurine ribonucleosides. The tricyclic nucleobase was furnished by (i) a six-step classical heterocyclization approach starting from 5-chloro-1-methyl- 4-nitropyrazole, and by (ii) a three-step cross-coupling and cyclization approach starting from the zincated 4,6-dichloropyrimidine and 5-iodo-1-methylpyrazole. Both strategies resulted in comparable yields overall. Then, three different glycosylation methods were explored to give the β-anomeric nucleoside intermediate. Only the Vorbrüggen glycosylation yielded the intermediate as a pure β-anomer....
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Optimization of dynamic headspace and thermal desorption parameters for introduction of human scent volatile samples into GCxGC-TOFMS
Růžková, Lucie ; Kyjaková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Sobotníková, Jana (referee)
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography has become one of the most widely used methods for the analysis of human odor, which enables better separation of substances from the sample compared to classical gas chromatography. Dynamic headspace (DHS) with thermal desorption is often used for the transfer of human body odor analytes from the sampling sorbent to the gas chromatograph. The aim of this work was to optimize the parameters of DHS for human body odor samples and two-dimensional gas chromatography. Two parameters of the DHS were chosen for the optimization, namely the volume and flow rate of the inert gas that carries the sample onto the sorbent. A total of 16 settings of these parameters were selected and used to measure samples containing a piece of cotton and a model mixture. The model mixture was prepared to mimic the best the composition of human body odor in terms of polarities and boiling points of the compounds contained in it. The obtained peak areas of the analytes from the model mixture were compared and the most suitable setting of the DHS parameters was found. This setting was tested on a real human odor sample. Keywords: Human odor, GC×GC-TOFMS, dynamic headspace, thermal desorption, model mixture
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Distribution of aerosol particles from ship diesel engines
Šmok, Dominik ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Vojtíšek, Michal (referee)
3 Abstract Measurements of aerosol particle size distributions in the range 5 nm - 4 µm at 1.5 m above sea level were carried out on board a boat in German waters of the Baltic Sea. The measurements were aimed at characterizing aerosol particles from marine aerosol and from ship diesel engines and their dynamics, i.e. the aging of the exhaust plume in the marine boundary layer. The marine aerosol of PNC5-340 1335-1939 cm-3 is characterized by Aitken, accumulation and coarse modes of CMD 20 and 41-55 nm and 123-159 nm and 1.6 µm, respectively. The ratio of the accumulation to the Aitken mode increases with increasing shipping density. Aerosol particles from diesel engines in exhaust plumes with an age of 2 - 60 s and at a distance of 150 - 600 m from the surveyed ships are characterized by PNC5-340 1-4 -105 cm-3 and CMD 20 nm. The modal size distribution of supermicron particles of Da 1 - 4 µm does not change in the exhaust plume, the total mass of supermicron particles increases only by 1 - 6% compared to the background. The dynamics of the size distributions of aerosol particle numbers is mainly due to the formation, i.e. expansion and dilution, of the plume. However, in the exhaust plume with an age of 6 - 16 s and at a distance of 50 - 150 m, a faster decrease was observed for PNC20 due to the...
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Odors attractive to sand flies and mosquitoes
Strejc, Vojtěch ; Volf, Petr (advisor) ; Štáfková, Jitka (referee)
This thesis focuses on the odour signals used by blood-sucking insects to locate their hosts. It focuses mainly on phlebotominae sand flies, but also deal with the most important findings published for mosquitoes, which are close relatives of sand flies. In addition to sex pheromones, odor signals important to sand flies include carbon dioxide, higher alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, ketones, and lactic acid. Sand flies and mosquitoes are also attracted to plant kairomones, such as terpenes, because they obtain their sugar meal from plants. In humans, it is known that various individuals are differently attractive to mosquitoes, this individual variability is mainly due to the skin microbiome. In sand flies, significantly different attractivity to Lutzomyia longipalpis was described among six volunteers. Part of this thesis focuses on the increased attractiveness of infected hosts for vectors (mosquitoes and sand flies). Mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles were in some studies more attracted to humans infected with Plasmodium falciparum, specifically those individuals who had gametocytes in their blood. Plasmodium falciparum apparently affect the vector in host selection by altering the odor of the host's sweat or breath to make it more attractive to mosquitoes. Similarly, sand flies are more attracted...
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(Non-)use of textbook in the geography lessons at lower secondary education.
Faltisová, Kateřina ; Hanus, Martin (advisor) ; Marada, Miroslav (referee)
This master's thesis addresses the issue of using geography textbooks by Czech teachers at the lower secondary education level. The uniqueness of this work lies in its focus on the specific aspects of teachers' approaches to textbooks, a topic that has not been explored in the Czech educational context. Given the variety of possibilities for working with textbooks, the main goal of this work is to identify the key features of textbooks that lead to teachers' decisions not to use them. One of the subsidiary goals is to perform an analysis of geographical topics in relation to the extent of textbook use in teaching. To fulfill these goals, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 geography teachers at the lower secondary education level. The interview scenario was based on the professional literature directly related to the topic. All interviews were subsequently transcribed and open coding of respondents' answers was conducted. The card sorting method was incorporated into the interviews, through which the most important functions and selection criteria for textbooks were evaluated by statistical methods. Subsequent analysis found that the method and extent of textbook use depend on the teacher's concept of teaching. It emerged that teachers consider the ability to present information to be...
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Nursing care of a patient with an inserted Midline catheter and mini-midline - nurses' awareness
Dau, Tra My ; Hromádková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Tomová, Šárka (referee)
Aim: The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to analyze and explore the nurses' knowledge of the nursing care of the pediatric patient with an inserted Midline and mini-midline catheter. Through a questionnaire survey to find out the level of nurse's knowledge regarding Midline and mini-midline catheters and their nursing practices. The theoretical section discusses midline venous access and its classifications, specifically Midline, mini-Midline and PICC catheters including their indications, contraindications, insertion procedures, complications and extractions. It also discusses the nursing care of these midline venous accesses. The last section concludes with the PICC team, nurse competencies, and certified courses. Methods: The empirical part of the thesis includes data collected through a self-constructed questionnaire survey. The data obtained are presented in sectional diagrams and summary tables. They are then processed using Chi-squared test and then compared with the hypotheses focusing on age, length of experience and completion of specialty education. The questionnaires were distributed in printed form to nurses working in paediatric inpatient wards at the University Hospital in Motol and the University Hospital Lochotín. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed, of which a total of...
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Comparative evolution and development of the vertebrate spiracular region
Dušek, Martin ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Vaškaninová, Valéria (referee)
The area of the first two pharyngeal arches (mandibular and hyoid) represents an evolutionarily very flexible part of the vertebrate head. An example of such flexibility is the spiracular region, comprising the two arches together with the first pharyngeal endodermal pouch (also called spiracular or hyomandibular), which physically seperates them. This pouch is able to break through to the outside creating a small paired opening on the dorsal part of the head behind eyes, termed the spiracle. The spiracle in its typical form can be found in the majority of chondrichthyans and in some basal ray-finned fishes (bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes) and serves usually as an additional inhalatory opening for water (in chondrichthyans, when the mouth is occupied) or air (in bichirs, providing the majority of their respiration). This opening apparently has its origins in an ancestral hyomandibular gill slit, which was reduced in size and displaced dorsally by migrating hyoid arch supporting the jaws. In recent tetrapods, including humans, the spiracular cavity corresponds to the cavity of the middle ear, obtaining the function of recieving and transmitting sound waves. This thesis summarizes known important aspects of the spiracular region in terms of morphology, ontogeny and phylogeny of vertebrates.
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Contact Precautions in Nursing Care in Patients with Infectious Diseases in a Medical Ward
Vanclová, Barbora ; Trojánek, Milan (advisor) ; Neugebauer, Jan (referee)
Bachelor thesis titled "Barrier Nursing Regime in patients with infectious diseases in standard bed ward" delves into the knowledge of non-medical healthcare personnel in the issue of barrier nursing care and barrier isolation regimes, their subsequent application in practice on individual standard wards, and possible ways to increase the motivation of this personnel to adhere to barrier measures. Aims: The aim of this study is to determine whether healthcare personnel adhere to barrier measures when caring for patients with infectious diseases and to assess their knowledge in this area, eventually, reasons for not adhering to these measures and explore potential motivations for adherence. Methods: The research was conducted using a questionnaire survey, which was carried out in 4 hospitals, namely in MMN a.s., Regional Hospital Jičín a.s., Regional Hospital Trutnov a.s., and Regional Hospital Náchod a.s. The questionnaire comprised a total of 23 questions, including 6 open-ended questions and 17 multiple-choice questions. A total of 69 respondents completed the questionnaire. Results: After statistical analysis of the data, it was found that the knowledge of non- medical healthcare personnel in this area is not entirely satisfactory, which often leads to incorrect utilization of barrier regimes....
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