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The Approach of the Bush and Obama Administration to Fighting Terrorism in Afghanistan
Mikšovská, Kristýna ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
The Bachelor's thesis deals with the changes of the U.S. counterterrorism strategy during the presidency of George W. Bush and Barack Obama. The main purpose is to compare the pre-emption strategy with the diplomatic one, regarding the fight against terrorism. After the 11/9/2001 attacks, the threat of terrorism became the number one priority to all U.S. federal institutions responsible for ensuring security. The terrorist organization responsible for the events of 9/11 was Al-Qaeda, therefore it's activity is main subject for this analysis. Since then, the American counterterrorism strategy went through major changes and during the analysed period it went through further development. The text records mainly the period of 2001 - 2015. The main sources are doctrinal documents published frequently by each administration, and legislation released as a response to 9/11. The conclusion tries to evaluate, which part or parts of counter-terrorism strategy of each president were different from their rhetoric and whose approach was more convenient. Keywords counterterrorism, president, Bush, Obama, Afghanistan, security, threat, Al- Qaeda
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Analysis: Was Barack H. Obama more peacemaker than George W. Bush?
Kučera, Pavel ; Pondělíček, Jiří (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
Barack Obama's election to the presidential office in 2009 for many people from the United States and abroad was a promise of a change in US foreign policy, which, in the reign of his predecessor George W. Bush, was too discredited by a military campaign to Iraq. Weapons of mass destruction, which were the official rationale for an attack on the regime of Saddam Hussein, were, according to many, only a cover for violent US "export of democracy" and increased influence in the oil-rich region. In the US, however, a year ago President Barack Obama left the highest office and was replaced by Donald Trump. And it is time to evaluate whether and how Obama fulfilled his determination to exert America from the "never-ending" conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan, caused - by Obama's words - by his predecessor George W. Bush, who was perceived as a "gunman" in the eyes of a substantial part of the US but also of the world public and never went far to approve the bombing during his presidency. At the same time, however, Barrack Obama's critics often say that his image of the peacemaker is just a chimera, as Obama was no better than his predecessor, and he earned the Nobel Peace Prize undeservedly. And when we make a very simple comparison of the number of countries that both presidents have ordered to bomb, we...
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Afghanistan as an insulator of regional complexes? Sectoral analysis of Afghan security
Haringová, Ingrida ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The goal of master thesis Afghanistan as an insulator of regional complexes? Sectoral analysis of Afghan security was to analyze security of Afghanistan based on sectors and from the viewpoint of Regional security complex theory developed by Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver. The purpose of the thesis was to review categorization of Afghanistan as an insulator and identify factors which undermine his status as such. Afghanistan's location is very much unique because it lies among three different regional security complexes - Central Asia, The Middle East, and South Asia. The analysis was conducted through combination of a) discourse analysis of statements and speeches of president Ashraf Ghani and CEO Abdullah Abdullah (2014 - ) and added with information from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and b) material relations in regions, such as trade routes, military aid etc. and c) history. Analysis is based on military, political, and economic sectors. The discursive analysis pays attention to the perception of Afghanistan on itself with focus on institutional discourse and broader debate in the English-speaking afghan media.
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The role of foreign actors in the emergence of the Taliban movement between 1992 - 1996
Misík, Václav ; Horák, Slavomír (advisor) ; Zukerstein, Jaroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the phenomenon of the international actors' involvement in Afghanistan civil war between 1992 and 1996 and its influence on the emergence of the Taliban movement. This topic cannot be excluded from the historical context and analyzed separately. The connection with the Soviet-Afghan war era and the consecutive Najibullah régime was too high to be forgotten. The international actors' involvement did not occur at once in 1992 and did not cease exactly in 1996. It has developed a lot and that is the reason why both, Soviet-Afghan war and Najibullah era, are being analyzed as well while focusing on the international involvement. The main part of this bachelor thesis analyzes ten the most important international players which in some way got involved - Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, China, United states of America, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia and India. Regarding the methodology, the thesis works with the analysis of the secondary sources seeking to answer the main question "Which international actors influenced the emergence of Taliban between 1992 - 1996, how and why?". Moreover, there is a subsidiary question dealing with the interpretation of Taliban from the different international points of view. Based on that, the states are being...
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The Role of the US in NATO: How Did It Change after 9/11 under Bush Administration
Štverková, Iva ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to examine president Bush's policy after 9/11 and its implications for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The shock of 9/11 attacks resulted in "war mentality" manifesting itself in the pressure of the public and media for swift radical actions. This resulted in ad hoc decisions taken without proper analyses and consideration of consequences. After 9/11, Bush Administration used black-and-white rhetoric and simplified the war on terror into war between good and evil. The U.S. under Bush did not consider international institutions to play significant role in international politics and preferred bilateral cooperation. By omitting the Alliance, Washing, however, undermined NATO. Europe was sympathetic to the U.S. and proclaimed its support for Washington since day one but European NATO members and the U.S. had different threat perception regarding Iraq, and could not agree on a common solution. The actions taken by Americans in Afghanistan and Iraq and the reluctance of European allies in supporting the U.S. war against terrorism resulted in escalation of relations in the Alliance. As the U.S. headed toward engagement in two conflicts, it increasingly appreciated the value of NATO. On the other hand, Europe never forgot that the United States is its main ally. Most...
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NATO states' operations against violent non-state actors in Somalia, Afghanistan and Mali
Müller, Vojtěch ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze selected military operations of NATO states in Somalia, Afghanistan and Mali against violent non-state actors, who led anti-government insurgence in these states. On the basis of analysis of individual interventions will be rendered their comparison and by its result, I will try to capture the development of military strategies, which were used by the states within counter-insurgence operations. Because the start of interventions in Somalia and Mali is divided by more than 20 years, it is possible to capture prospective development. Furthermore, due to analyzing individual military interventions, I will be able to identify reasons for their success or eventual failure.
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Geographical aspects of the security of International Security Assistance Forces's projects in Afghanistan
Jelínek, Jan ; Tomeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Daniel, Jan (referee)
The thesis is dedicated to the ISAF's Provincial Reconstruction Teams in Afghanistan. The research focus of this study is the analysis of specific geographic factors related to location of selected reconstruction teams in Afghan provinces. Geographic factors affecting security consist of armed groups, warlords, ethno-cultural structure of population and terrain type of the areas examined. Structure, investments, prevailing priorities and effect of local area characteristics are analysed in connection with selected provincial reconstruction teams. The study aims to determine whether teams managed to stabilize the situation in their provinces and which geographic factors affected the safety of their activities.
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An Effort to gain the first hegemony vs. the dissemination of the fragmentation of the power after the Cold War
Štaif, Vít ; Voráček, Emil (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
An Abstract The text focuses on the aim of the state politics to gain the position of the first global hegemony after the end of the Cold War. It observes, with the regard to the wide-ranging influence of the USA at that time, and to the important American visions about its character, especially their particular decisions. It tries to describe the way, which the other influential participants of the global politics, the states as well as those of other kind, used to express their reactions to this activity, and their relation to the USA, the strongest contender in the effort to acquire the first global hegemony. The power contest is here mainly introduced by the insight into the course of the conflicts, which they, after the end of the Cold War, faced and influenced. The text concentrates on those political and security challenges with, apart from the policies of the USA, the strong presence of the intervention of the international organizations, above all the UN, the NATO and the EU, or of the occassionally created alliances. The prospects of hegemonial possibilities is presented in the conclusion.
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